Add this to your notes! Atomic Number Symbol Name Atomic Mass.

Add this to your notes!

Atomic Number

Symbol

Name

Atomic Mass

How do you find the # of protons, electrons and neutrons using the

periodic table?

• Atomic Number = # of Protons• Atomic Number = # of Electrons

• # of Neutrons = Atomic Mass – Atomic Number

Bohr Diagrams

• A 2-dimensional display of an atom. • NOT perfect by any means – remember atoms are 3D and

electrons do not move in “orbits”• Each circle represents an energy level.• The energy of the electrons increases as they get farther

from the nucleus.– Level 1 = up to 2 electrons– Level 2 = up to 8 total electrons– Level 3 = up to 18 total electrons– Level 4 = up to 32 total electrons

• Levels 2, 3 and 4 have sublevels – the electrons would not be found in 1 zone but rather multiple zones.

You need 11 different colors

Families on the Periodic Table●Elements on the periodic table can be grouped

into families bases on their chemical properties.●Each family has a specific name to differentiate

it from the other families in the periodic table.●Elements in each family

react differently with other elements.

●The horizontal rows are ●called periods and are● labeled from 1 to 7.●The vertical columns are called groups or families

and are labeled from 1 to 18.

Hydrogen● Hydrogen belongs to a

family of its own.● Hydrogen is a diatomic,

reactive gas.● Diatomic = always found

as a 2-atom molecule● Reactive = has a

tendency to react chemically

● Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg.

● Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles

●color hydrogen color 1

ALKALI METALSGroup 1● Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-

metal● Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr● All solids● 1 electron in the outer shell● All metals● Always combined with something else in

nature Very reactive, esp. with water● (ex. Salt)● Soft (can cut with butter knife) and silvery

metals● Conduct electricity● Color the rest of this group color 2

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 2

• Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra• All solids• 2 electrons in the outer shell• All metals• Reactive, but less than Alkali metals• Facts

● White and malleable● Malleable = able to be hammered or pressed

out of shape without breaking.

● Conduct electricity● Always combine with nonmetals in

nature ● Important nutrients for humans (Mg, Ca)

● Color the Alkaline Earth Metals color 3

TRANSITION METALSGroups 3-12●Mostly Solids, 1 liquid (Hg)●1 or 2 valence electrons●All metals, tend to be harder●Less reactive.●These are what you think of

as “metals.”● Good conductors of heat and

electricity.● Some are used for jewelry.● Some are used in construction.● Can bond with many elements

in a variety of shapes.●Color Transition Metals color

4

Transition Metals

BORON FAMILY Group 13●B, Al, Ga, In, Tl●All solids●3 electrons in the outer shell●Most are metals●Boron is a metalloid

● Metalloid: has properties of both metals and nonmetals

●Moderately reactive●Includes Aluminum, the most

abundant metal on Earth.●Color Boron Family color

5

CARBON FAMILY Group 14●C, Si, Ge, Sn (Tin), Pb (Lead)●All solids●4 electrons in the outer shell●Contains metals, metalloids,

and a non-metal Carbon (C)●Non-reactive.●Facts:

●Contains elements important to life and computers.

●Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry.

●Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.

●Color Carbon Family with color 6

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15●N, P, As, Sb, Bi●Solids except for N (gas)●5 electrons in the outer shell●Contains 1 metal, 2 metalloids,

and 2 non-metals●Generally non-reactive●Facts

● Can share electrons to form compounds, called covalent bonds.

● Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.

● The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.

●Color the nitrogen family with color 7

Nitrogen Family●Elements in group 15

OXYGEN FAMILY or Chalcogens Group 16●O, S, Se, Te, Po●Gas (O) and Solids●6 electrons in the outer shell●Contains metals, metalloids,

and non-metals●Reactive●Facts:

● Oxygen is necessary for respiration.

● Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

●Color the Oxygen family with color 8

Oxygen Family or Chalcogens

●Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

HalogensGroup 17●F, Cl, Br, I, At●Solids (I, At), Liquids (Br), Gases

(O, Cl)●7 electrons in the outer shell●All are non-metals●Very reactive, volatile,

diatomic, nonmetals●Facts:

●Always found combined with other element in nature. Often bonded with elements from group 1.

●Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.

●Color the Halogen group with color 9

Noble GasesGroup 18●He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn●All gases●Non-metals●8 electrons in the

outer shell = Full EXCEPT Helium (has 2 electrons in outer shell but is considered full)

●NOT reactive with other elements

●Color the noble gases with color 10

Metal/ Nonmetal/Metalloid

• Choose 3 markers of different colors.• Outline the following elements in color 1:

• The elements to the LEFT of the line are metalloids. Outline the metalloids in 1 dark color other than black. Include Ge and Sb in the outline.

• The elements to the Right of the zigzag are nonmetals. Outline those in another dark color.

• The metals to the left of the metaloids are all metals. Outline those in a 3rd dark color.

• Make a key on the bottom of your table for metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

Metal/ Nonmetal/Metalloid

• Choose 3 markers of different colors.• Outline the following elements in color 1:

• The elements to the LEFT of the line are metalloids. Outline the metalloids in 1 dark color other than black. Include Ge and Sb in the outline.

• The elements to the Right of the zigzag are nonmetals. Outline those in another dark color.

• The metals to the left of the metaloids are all metals. Outline those in a 3rd dark color.

• Make a key on the bottom of your table for metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

Metals, Metalloids, Non-MetalsMETALS● Luster (Shiny)●Good conductor of heat●Good conductor of electricity●Malleable (can be bent and shaped)●Ductile (can be drawn into wire)●Corrosive (tendency to deteriorates under certain chemical conditions. ie: rusting iron, pennies turning green).

●Usually dense●Usually solid●Have high melting points●Generally Reactive●Left side of periodic table.

Metals, Metalloids, Non-Metals

METALLOIDS●Dull or Shiny●Good semiconductors (that means conducts heat or electricity under certain conditions)●Sometimes malleable●Sometimes ductile●Generally solid at room temperature (but found as all three states of matter.)●Makes the “zigzag” on the periodic table.

Metals, Metalloids, Non-Metals

NON-METALS●Dull appearance●Brittle (breaks or shatter easily)

●Poor conductors of heat.●Poor conductors of electricity.●Less dense●Low melting points●All three states of matter●Gain or share electrons when they react with other element.

●Right side of periodic table.

Periodic Table Scavenger HuntYou need a piece of paper for this

1. I have 26 protons and am a transition metal.2. I’m the only Metalloid in the oxygen family.3. I am the only metal that is a liquid.4. I am in period 4 and have 8 valence electrons.5. I am in group 2 and have 56 protons.6. I am a nonmetal with 4 valence electrons. 7. I’m a metalloid with 14 neutrons in group 14.8. I am the nonmetal next to the metalloid in group 16.9. I am the Noble Gas with the least protons.10. I am the only nonmetal in period 6.

Periodic Table Scavenger Hunt1. I have 26 protons and am a transition metal. -Iron (Fe)2. I’m the only Metalloid in the oxygen family. -Te (Tellurium)3. I am the only metal that is a liquid. - Hg (Mercury)4. I am in period 4 and have 8 valence electrons. - Kr Krypton5. I am in group 2 and have 56 protons. - Ba Barium6. I am a nonmetal with 4 valence electrons. – C (carbon)7. I’m a metalloid with 14 neutrons in group 14. – Si (Silicon)8. I am the nonmetal next to the metalloid in group 16. – I

(Iodine)9. I am the Noble Gas with the least protons. – He (Helium)10. I am the only nonmetal in period 6. – Rn (Radon)