The Role of Women The Role of Women in Higher in Higher Education in Iran Education in Iran By: Dr. Nahla Gharavi- Naeeni By: Dr. Nahla Gharavi- Naeeni Associate Professor at Tarbiat Modarres Associate Professor at Tarbiat Modarres University University Tehran/ I. R. of Iran Tehran/ I. R. of Iran E-mail: [email protected]E-mail: [email protected]Mar, 2010 Mar, 2010 In the Name of God In the Name of God
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The Role of Women The Role of Women in Higher in Higher
Education in IranEducation in IranBy: Dr. Nahla Gharavi- NaeeniBy: Dr. Nahla Gharavi- Naeeni
Associate Professor at Tarbiat Modarres Associate Professor at Tarbiat Modarres UniversityUniversity
IntroductionIntroduction The importance of education is quite The importance of education is quite
clear. Education is the knowledge of clear. Education is the knowledge of how to put one's potentials to how to put one's potentials to maximum use. One can safely say maximum use. One can safely say that a human being does not have that a human being does not have proper sense until he is educated. proper sense until he is educated.
This is why Islam attaches such great This is why Islam attaches such great importance to knowledge and education. importance to knowledge and education. This is why Islam attaches such great This is why Islam attaches such great importance to knowledge and education, importance to knowledge and education, as as prophet (p.b.u.h) prophet (p.b.u.h) said:said:
الله ا�ن اال مسلم کل علی� فریض�ة العلم الله طلب� ا�ن اال مسلم کل علی� فریض�ة العلم طلب�العلم بعاة العلم یحب� بعاة یحب�
Looking for knowledge is obligatory for Looking for knowledge is obligatory for each Muslim. Behold that Allah loves each Muslim. Behold that Allah loves those who look for knowledge (Kulainy, those who look for knowledge (Kulainy, vol1.p30).vol1.p30).
The Prophet (p.b.u.h) has said:The Prophet (p.b.u.h) has said: فریضة او محکمة آیة ثالثة العلم فریضة انما او محکمة آیة ثالثة العلم انما
فهو هن خال ما و قائمة سنة او فهو عادله هن خال ما و قائمة سنة او عادلهفضل فضل
Verily, knowledge is three: strong Verily, knowledge is three: strong sine or just obligatory act or current sine or just obligatory act or current sonnah and extra knowledge are sonnah and extra knowledge are grateness(Kulainy,vol1.p32).grateness(Kulainy,vol1.p32).
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Women and Higher Women and Higher EducationEducation
As prophet (p.b.u.h) was teaching As prophet (p.b.u.h) was teaching men, He was also teaching women in men, He was also teaching women in separate time as men. He was separate time as men. He was encouraging all Muslim (men or encouraging all Muslim (men or women) to learn Quran and Islamic women) to learn Quran and Islamic law(Shariah) for increase their law(Shariah) for increase their understanding about the unity of understanding about the unity of Allah and the cost of religion and its Allah and the cost of religion and its guidance.guidance.
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Without the correct commitment, all Without the correct commitment, all education would be useless. People education would be useless. People who do not have the correct who do not have the correct commitment will not be able to apply commitment will not be able to apply the lessons they’ve learned in life; the lessons they’ve learned in life; therefore no matter how much therefore no matter how much education they have, if they do not education they have, if they do not take the initiative to apply it, they take the initiative to apply it, they still will not be successful.still will not be successful.
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Educated woman can understand Educated woman can understand and use food products, health items, and use food products, health items, and sanitary products in the correct and sanitary products in the correct way, and also teach proper usage of way, and also teach proper usage of such items to the members of her such items to the members of her family.family.
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Role and status of women in Role and status of women in educationeducation
Same as men, women could learn knowledge and Same as men, women could learn knowledge and teach and be useful in education in any field.teach and be useful in education in any field.
Any mother can teach her children how to be a Any mother can teach her children how to be a good person with good manners, so if a mother good person with good manners, so if a mother is a well-educated and trained person, she can is a well-educated and trained person, she can be a good teacher and trainer for her children be a good teacher and trainer for her children too. As a mother, a woman affects her children too. As a mother, a woman affects her children (boys and girls), as a wife, she affects her (boys and girls), as a wife, she affects her husband, and as a female in the family, she husband, and as a female in the family, she affects her father and brothers; so the role of affects her father and brothers; so the role of women in family and society is very high.women in family and society is very high.
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Role and status of women in Role and status of women in educationeducation
As much as mothers are more As much as mothers are more knowledgeable and educated, they can knowledgeable and educated, they can become better teachers and trainers.become better teachers and trainers.
By studying and pursuing educational By studying and pursuing educational activities, a mother can instill an interest activities, a mother can instill an interest in her children to attempt to gain in her children to attempt to gain knowledge. For this reason many Iranian knowledge. For this reason many Iranian women after revolution of Iran by women after revolution of Iran by spending their time with studying in spending their time with studying in higher education.higher education.
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Role and status of women in Role and status of women in educationeducation
Either some of field which appeared Either some of field which appeared in Iran after revolution , like in Iran after revolution , like theology, women also participated theology, women also participated and studied in universities and now and studied in universities and now there are many women professors in there are many women professors in this field which are teaching in this field which are teaching in universities.universities.
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Role and status of women in Role and status of women in educationeducation
Parents are responsible for their children. Parents are responsible for their children. The Holy Prophet of Islam (p.b.u.h) has The Holy Prophet of Islam (p.b.u.h) has said: said: “Train your children and teach them “Train your children and teach them because they are going to be responsible because they are going to be responsible in their lives.”in their lives.” (Kolainy 1367 AH(1988): (Kolainy 1367 AH(1988): vol.6, p.50).vol.6, p.50).
He also has said: He also has said: “All of you are “All of you are responsible for your subjects, and women responsible for your subjects, and women are responsible for their family and their are responsible for their family and their children.”children.” (Varram collection: vol.1, p.6 ). (Varram collection: vol.1, p.6 ).
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Iranian ladies since revolution tried to Iranian ladies since revolution tried to study and increase their knowledge to study and increase their knowledge to reach in higher education and be useful in reach in higher education and be useful in society, by taking care of the Islamic limits.society, by taking care of the Islamic limits.
The data of accepted student in graduate The data of accepted student in graduate level of universities trough last 20 years in level of universities trough last 20 years in below, shows that the junior college below, shows that the junior college degree and B.S degree have increased 10 degree and B.S degree have increased 10 times, and for M.S and PH.D degree have times, and for M.S and PH.D degree have increased more than 40 times. increased more than 40 times.
Graduated Students from Governmental Universities on Different Level of Education,1365-1385: (1986- 2006) / By: Science , Research &Technology Ministry (Research center)
Iranian women and Iranian women and educationeducation
Another data shows the number of Another data shows the number of women who have degree in higher women who have degree in higher education in different filed in Iran, education in different filed in Iran, as there is in below:as there is in below:
DiscussionDiscussion The comparative data from 1996- 2006 in The comparative data from 1996- 2006 in
total for all filed of sciences are:total for all filed of sciences are: 26938 for 1996 & 1809366 for 2006, So, 26938 for 1996 & 1809366 for 2006, So,
1782428 educated women have increased 1782428 educated women have increased in Iran during 10 years. Since 2006 until in Iran during 10 years. Since 2006 until now surely it has increased more recently. now surely it has increased more recently.
In detail we can see that in any field the rate of In detail we can see that in any field the rate of increasing is different, which shows the variety of increasing is different, which shows the variety of women’s interests and their ability in learning and women’s interests and their ability in learning and education.education.
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DiscussionDiscussion For example the number of graduated For example the number of graduated
in PH.D have increased 4 times for in PH.D have increased 4 times for Educational &training sciences. And 7 Educational &training sciences. And 7 times for Human science &Art. More times for Human science &Art. More than 8 times for Social science &law, than 8 times for Social science &law, about 9 times for Basic sciences and about 9 times for Basic sciences and 22 times for Engineering, and more 22 times for Engineering, and more than 9 times for Agriculture, and than 9 times for Agriculture, and more than 30 times for Health.more than 30 times for Health.