Adaptations and Genetics Pre-Test - George West Pri · 2012-04-17 · Mrs. Keadle JH Science 6 Adaptations and Genetics Pre-Test 19 List and describe the function of at two adaptations

Mrs. Keadle JH Science

1 Adaptations and Genetics Pre-Test

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Adaptations and Genetics Pre-Test

1 How do gills of a fish help their survival? A gills allow fish to break down water into oxygen and hydrogen B gills allow fish to process energy quicker so they can move faster C gills allow fish to breathe in air and water D gills allow fish to use the oxygen dissolved in the water.

2 Which of the following adaptations helps birds fly? A they have more fat than most animals so they can fly for long distances. B they have hollow bones so they are lighter C they have smaller blood vessels so their hearts have to work less in flight D they have a larger stomach so they can absorb food faster

4 On leaf surfaces, guard cells that open and close in response to the amount of water available is an example of - A phototropism B constructive feedback C homeostasis D respiration

3 What process causes a plant to wilt in response to too much or too little water? A photosynthesis B respiration C transpiration D dehydration



5 Study the diagrams showing mouthparts of four different insects. Which of the following could be a valid explanation for the differences in mouthparts among insects?

A The insects each live in different climates, requiring a different type of feeding method. B The mouthparts have modifications that are adapted to the insect’s method of feeding. C The mouthparts vary depending on the insect’s wing to body length ratio. D The mouthparts are varied so that there is not competition within a single species of insect.

6 The stem and leaves of the plant in the diagram are exhibiting which behavior? A gravitropism B geotropism C autotropism D phototropism

7 The roots of the plant in the diagram are exhibiting which behavior? A autotropism B hydrotropism C geotropism D phototropism



8 Plant species rely on various methods of seed dispersal. Which type of seed dispersal would most likely be used by the organism shown in the diagram?

A animal dispersal B wind dispersal C water dispersal D gravity dispersal

9 Plants have different signals for attracting pollinators. It is not uncommon for the same plant to have more than one signal. Which of the following would NOT be a way in which plants attract pollinators? A presence of barbs B specific texture or pattern C strong scents D bright colors

10 Chameleons are reptiles that have the ability to hide from predators and prey by blending in with their environment. They can change the pattern and/or color of their skin. This ability is known as - A natural selection B imitation C mimicry D camouflage



11 The process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other organisms of the same species is known as - A variation B the rule of extinction C mutualism D natural selection

12 Which of the following factors can affect the process of natural selection? I. overproduction of offspring in a species II. competition among organisms of same species III. genetic variations within a population IV. niche necessity within a population A I, II, and III B II only C I and III only D III and IV only

13 The Galapagos Islands are home to a variety of finches. Charles Darwin observed the finches on the island and noticed that each species was well-suited to the life it led. For example, finches that ate insects had sharp, slender beaks and finches that ate seeds had strong, wide beaks. Beak shape in these finches is an example of -

A adaptation B simulation C competition D environmentalism



15 Most domesticated animals have been bred for specific, favorable traits. Dairy cows are bred for maximum milk production while dogs are bred for size and color, among other characteristics. The process of humans controlling the breeding of organisms is known as - A natural selection B selective breeding C manipulative reproduction D sheltered breeding

14 Which statement describes Charles Darwin’s contribution to science? A He formed the first periodic table by placing elements with similar physical properties in groups. B His observations on the Galapagos Islands led to his theory of evolution through natural selection. C His experiments with plants broke down physical characteristics into alleles that were dominant or recessive. D He explained how forces, matter, and motion were related with three laws.

16 Drawings from hundreds of years ago show horses that are much smaller than horses today. Which of the following is the best explanation for the increased size of horses A Horses have been genetically engineered B Selective breeding has made horses larger C Genetic therapies have been used to make horses larger D certain sex-linked genes have been lost



19 List and describe the function of at two adaptations that would expect to find on a desert plant. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 20 List and describe the function of two adaptations you expect to find in an animal living in Antarctica or the Arctic. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

17 Which of the following traits would most likely improve the chances that an organism will survive and reproduce? A brightly colored scales, which makes a fish easier to spot by its predators. B poor vision, which makes it more difficult for an eagle to see its prey C bright colors, which attract bees to a flower D dull-colored feathers, which make it less likely that a bird will find a mate

18 Identify which of the following is not an example of a trait that increases an animals chance for survival.

A An insect that blends in with it’s physical

surroundings B A skunk’s ability to spray other animals with a strong smelling chemical.

C A peacock’s bright feathers make it easier

to be spotted by predators. D A frog’s brightly colored skin alerts predators that it is poisonous.



21 Heredity is defined as the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next. Which of the following is NOT an example of these genetic instructions in humans? A height B skin color C dimples D spoken language

22 Which of the following is the correct organization of genetic material from smallest to largest? A DNA→ genes → chromosomes→ cell nucleus B genes→ chromosomes →DNA→ cell nucleus C cell nucleus→ genes→ DNA → chromosomes D chromosomes→ DNA→ cell nucleus→ genes

23 Hydras reproduce by a process known as budding. This process is the formation of a new individual that is a clone of the parent. This type of reproduction is - A sexual B sporulation C asexual D binary fission

24 What would be a possible disadvantage of the type of reproduction shown in the diagram? A ability to reproduce in the absence of a mate B results in low genetic variation for the species C allows for more genetic variation in the offspring D takes less time to produce offspring



25 Look at the illustration above. Illustration A is an example of: A sexual reproduction B asexual reproduction C nonsexual reproduction D genetic coding 26 The illustration above depicts two types of reproduction. Identify which of the following statements correctly summarizes the types of reproduction and the diversity of the offspring. A A: sexual reproduction, diverse offspring B: asexual reproduction, diverse offspring B A: asexual reproduction, diverse offspring B: asexual reproduction, offspring the same as parent C A: sexual reproduction, diverse offspring B: asexual reproduction, offspring the same as parent D A: sexual reproduction, offspring the same as parent B: sexual reproduction, diverse offspring



27 The diagram represents different processes involved in reproduction. Which diagram represents sexual reproduction? A II and III B III only C I, II and IV D I and II

28 How many genes does an offspring receive for each trait? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

29 What structure is the arrow pointing to in the diagram? A chromosome B nucleus C cell D gene



30 The ability to roll your tongue is an inherited trait. There are more people who can roll their tongues than people who can’t roll their tongues. Which of the following could be a correct assumption to explain this? A The ability to tongue roll is a rare trait. B The ability to tongue roll is a recessive trait. C The ability to tongue roll is a dominant trait. D The ability to tongue roll is a submissive trait.

32 An offspring inherited a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from the other parent for the same trait. Which of the following is a possible explanation for what will be exhibited by the offspring for that trait? A The offspring will exhibit the recessive trait with the dominant trait being masked. B The offspring will exhibit the dominant trait with the recessive trait being masked. C The offspring will not exhibit that trait because the dominant and recessive traits he received will each mask the other. D The offspring will combine the recessive allele with the dominant allele and exhibit an entirely new trait.

31 Different forms of a gene are called A mutations B alleles C chromosomes

D phenotype



USE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON THIS PAGE.

In humans, eye color and hair color are controlled by several genes. Assume for the following questions that each is controlled by only one. For eye color, brown (B) is dominant over blue (b) and for hair color, black (H) is dominant over blonde (h). A male with blue eyes produces offspring with a female that has brown eyes.

33 Which of the following represents possible parental genotypes for eye color? A Father: bb, Mother: bb B Father: bb, Mother: Bb C Father: BB, Mother: Bb D Father: Bb, Mother: BB

34 What is NOT a possible genotype for eye color for the offspring? A Bb B BB C bb D There is not enough information

35 The genotypes for hair color for the parents are: Father hh Mother Hh Which of the following Punnett squares correctly represents the possible genotypes for hair color for the offspring? A B C D

HH HH HH HH

Hh hh

Hh hh

Hh hh

Hh hh

HH Hh

HH Hh



36 DNA contains four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine(C). Thymine pairs with adenine, and guanine pairs with cytosine. What would the complimentary strand look like for the following DNA sequence?

T A C T G C A

A G T C A A T C B G T T C A C C G C T G C A T C C D A T G A C G T

38 Which of the following scientists discovered the principles of heredity by studying pea plants? A Gregor Mendel B Charles Darwin C Walter Sutton D Eve Abe

37 Why does a person who inherits an allele for curly hair and an allele for straight hair have curly hair?

A The allele for curly hair is

recessive. B The allele for curly hair is dominant. C The allele for straight hair is

dominant. D The allele for curly hair is inherited from both parents.

39 What percentage of offspring from a Tt x Tt cross would be tt? A 25% B 50% C 100% D 0%



A dog breeder has begun to raise Labrador retrievers. So far, she hasn’t been able to predict the color of the puppies that she breeds. She does not know that dark fur (D) is dominant over yellow fur (d). When the breeder crossed a yellow Lab female with a dark furred male, she expected half of the puppies to be yellow and half to be dark. However, in a litter of eight puppies, all had dark fur. The breeder next crossed the same yellow female with a different dark male. This time, half the puppies were yellow and half were dark.

40 Which letters represent the most probable genotype of the second male? A Dd B DD C DO D dd 41 How can the woman breed a litter of all yellow puppies? A By making sure that either the mother or the father is yellow B By making sure that both the mother and father are yellow C By making sure that at least one of the grandparents are yellow D She cannot breed for a yellow litter because yellow fur is recessive. 42 The breeder is going to cross two dark Labs. One is homozygous and the other is heterozygous. Predict what percentage of the puppies will be yellow. A 0% B 25% C 50% D 75%



Pedigree

43 According to the diagram, which individuals have the trait that is traced by the pedigree? A 2 and 3 B 6 and 10 C 2, 3, 14 and 15 D 2, 3, 6, 10, 14 and 15

44 What genetic disorder was found in the Russian royal family? A measles B AIDS C hemophilia D cystic fibrosis

1 2

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10

4 3 6 5 8 9 7



USE THE FOLLOWING DICHOTOMOUS KEY FOR THE NEXT TWO QUESTIONS

46 What is one characteristic used to classify the insect in the diagram? A number of legs B presence of antennae C number of wings D formation of larvae

45 Use the dichotomous key to determine the correct classification of the insect in the diagram. A Diptera B Odonata C Hymenoptera D Mantodea



USE THE FOLLOWING DICHOTOMOUS KEY TO ANSWER THE NEXT FOUR QUESTIONS.



49 Observe the leaves in the diagram. Identify which leaf has the genus classification of Betula. A I B II C IV D V

47 Which type of leaf margin does leaf “VI” have? A smooth B serrated C undulated D lobate

50 Of the following pieces of laboratory equipment, which would best facilitate the external observation of a living leaf? A collecting net B electron microscope C hand lens D microscope

48 Use the dichotomous key to determine the correct classification of leaf “V”. A Carya B Aesculus C Liquidambar D Robinia

Adaptations and Genetics Pre-Test - George West Pri · 2012-04-17 · Mrs. Keadle JH Science 6 Adaptations and Genetics Pre-Test 19 List and describe the function of at two adaptations

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