AD-A241 437 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California PGRAD~ 1 THES"IS AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF VERMICULITE ON NOx REDUCTION AND ADDITIVES ON SOOTING AN,-,D EXHAUST INFRARED SIGNATURE FROM A GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOR byv Kurt Richard Engel September. 1990 -li'esis Advl'IS()!-, David W". Netze-r Approved f'or puLblic release: distribution IS ulimi111ted. 001-12563
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AD-A241 437 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey ...fro Jet engine combustor in the test celi ro),L a tyrical c l environment. A modified T-63 combustor in combination wLtn an 4-strumente
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AD-A241 437
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
Monterey, California
PGRAD~ 1
THES"IS
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OFVERMICULITE ON NOx REDUCTION ANDADDITIVES ON SOOTING AN,-,D EXHAUST
INFRARED SIGNATURE FROM A GASTURBINE COMBUSTOR
byv
Kurt Richard Engel
September. 1990
-li'esis Advl'IS()!-, David W". Netze-r
Approved f'or puLblic release: distribution IS ulimi111ted.
001-12563
THIS DOCUMENT IS BESTQUALITY AVAILABLE. THE COPY
FURNISHED TO DTIC CONTAINED
A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF
PAGES WHICH DO NOTREPRODUCE LEGIBLY.
SEC
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE T r,4 b ,"4
,a SEC, C ' SS I. 3 DSR5§C A0', a,/4A,, IroveiG f oi pu i role- s
D; CASS OC m: ACAD S C E D i ujrrbo.c 2> u ir.t t
D.,CS 0 G A' % 7 - CE y '_ Na NA~ V, 0, i~~
6 A! ~DA~ID C;t) State and ZiF Cuoa, t) A D~rE SS C'ry Sta-e, aria ZIV Coowt
S-.c ''. ontert- CaI I r -
0 iA- j %":1 " (if apn'~icie
8c ADD-;S C, StartE ai)d ti Conj. i OC O
T SeEr t
c S 0 % % C)
T"nO v. 1 as (eiO 3 tr~to" Into t E f e c -'s c) ve rri cU 1
c2 P5ya A v 9a-- _":'tUef=
'3, y C z z I %rr C).OF R p0 Year MontnD '1
The,7view5 exo vssc in this thc-i- are those of t e a~thor and ,dQ opt reflec,
C 35 CO 1E S ;j C- VTPM, 'Continue ir, reverse it necessa<, and i dnfir. ti biock numb( r
_____A Itjs Soot Control; Polution Contrcl-'
a -~.- Conlinie on reverse if necessa~y and identir) 0 t'1 0c* numtL r)
ext -orr 1 me I iI vesicaticn conducted to dr-termrino the fec,abilitv ocaa'.t cr reck i-tion of C cni.~ ori frorn a typcical jot enciro;- combusto- ii.
_1 Aiei~r morifec T- c 3 corrbustor in corrLination with an in--'I~cc auc'ov'-.ta '_4 tb ortainincl a vermiculite catalyst was- use,.
' or contairinr- t*'e( vermitculite wore. attemrtc0 BOtL., vcrmliculit--:: V V 0 ej wit-, thi o-urica- we'rc u s cd. Ui- to iTredu-
W, cr-rdU.-n the vermiculite Coat e_ wit thiourea,1t catalyrt br, wac measureO to be Y'Z in. H-),",.
ai.d unaccentalrl: fo-r qas urbine encaine1 j.I1c T.........cridicv-ted us in'_ 00*11 an 1 '... . n
dete2rmi! t'n r 17EC _ et ior for sootr r e' tr y i uml cool b c-hr' tF " i
DD Form 1473, JUN 86 Pr J i r, " Otilli i~S("(
(Ic) Continued: conditions utilizied, the Wynn's additive was not effectivein redu-cing the opazity cf the exhaust piuce nor for reducinc the exhaust pium-Cter:,eratur, The Catanc T.' reduced the opacity by 6. 2%, but had no siQnificant
c w 1hK siqnaturc.
Accession For
DTIC TA-,
a. - .. .
D F
DO Form 1473, JUN 86 -"''.. .". .. . " . .<
I roenI'-r pubz.: reclease; dislzribut ionl is Un:rnI,' L&.
A:, Invesz:OatiCTI Into the Effects orermiulit onNJ, Reduction an-d Additives
c:-.:tio n Exhlau-st Infrared Signature
frc-:. a Gas Turtine Corrib,!ustor
hV
Kurt R. EngelLT ran Commander, United States Na,.y
.b.,U.S.Merchant Marine Acade.-,y
Su~in io-artial fulfilim-.ei'-
ci hereaciremeno-s for the de-.re c,,-
7 T OFT S 7ENCE IN Aeronautic--l Engorneer'nc
f rom, the
NAV7t.AL POSTGRADUA.TE SCQL DLi
September 19
KUrt R. 'Eri g 5Y
D.W. Netzer, The 5is Advisor
R .P 7 Shreeve., Second Reader
~E.R.~od, 01airman
Depart- menL, of ernut -c Astrcnauticr-
ABSTRACT
An experimental inve-s-tiaton was conducted to detcrmine
the feasibility of using catalytic reduction of NC>.. emi4......fro Jet engine combustor in the test celi
ro),L a tyrical c l
environment. A modified T-63 combustor in combination wLtn an
4-strumente 21 foot duamentation cue contair in7 i
vermiculite catalyst was used. Stvtrai methods for containirno
the vermiculite were attempted. Both vermiculite and
vermiculite wh-ch had been coated with thiourea were used. Un
to 19% reduction in NO, concentrations was obtained using the
Miculite coated with thiourea, however the pressure loss
across the catalyst bed was measured to be 36 in. HC. The
techniques used proved ineffective and unacceptable for gas
turbine encine test cell applications. Tests were conducted
uslng both Wynn's W-15\590 and Catane TM (ferrocene) fuel
supplements in order to determine their effectiveness for
soot reduction and whether or not the exhaust plume could be
changed. For the test conditions utilized, the Wynn's
additive was not effective in reducing the opacity of the
exhaust plume, noi for reducing the exhaust plume temperature.
The Cata.ie TM reduced the opacity by 6.2%, but also had no
significant effect on the plume IR signature.
j\
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. XPEIMETALAPP'AFRATUS
A.0 CM BUTST0P...................... .. . . .... .. ......
:rc~icA NI SONIC CHOKE DIAMiiEIEPD ~ BYPASS AIR SONIC CHOFE DIAt4.ETE-R
'7 4 I Test1 LaTe h c, -- YrIAIR HEATER FUEL SONIC CHO ,E DIANEIK
Dh-h AIR HEATE; EXIEN SONIC" CHLR O]-AMLTKP ph-iFUEL IDENTIFIC'TON
3- - r HEiTER rUL~ IDEUTIFTCAT--C,
AIR SONIC' CHOVE FLnOW RATE OfSTA ;-FUIEL' 0'O METER RATE CO'NcTANT (N' I.YC
-14 ~~HEATER FUEL SONIC CHOYE FLOW RTE CnT i-
D tR 'u2 'i. 7C H r'I7 RATEPCONRE TNMUESOS AT(S
r AIR FLOW RATE, LI M/SE-CDESIRED AIR FLOW PATE, LB M/SFC-
I Jp FUEL FLOk RATE, GfPDEEIKEE FUEL FLOW RATE, CP
4' HEtE- FUEL FLOW RATE, Lit,IYCADESI-ED HEATER FUE-L FLON P L LM/crF.4 HEATER, OXGEN FLOW RATE, LI:M/S~.C
Vt 1 DESIRED HEATER OXYGEN FLOW RATE" LPM/EEC4 r PRESSURE, AIR SONII [HOKZ Psi(,
P PRESSIPE BYPV!I AIR S ONI CHORE, P-SIA47 PAROrETRiC PRESqUPE P7IA
I Fr PRESSURE, CCMEIUSTiO CHA REP P2IA45 I f PRESScURE7, HEATER FUEL SONIC 6HORE psA
F ~~~r PRSURE HEATER OXYGEN SONICCHEPITa ~ TEMPEP ATUFE, AIF SONIC CHOKES R
TEMPERATURE, 1YAS A "0:R1L rI CHP, yE PT -fEATURE, AUG,14ENTNR TlOE UPCtjREA r4TA! r'
TTE ,PERATURE, AUGMENTOP TUBE, DOWNSTRE i4AA ETI ITEST 1D NP.
TTRAFE NE ATER FUEL SONIC CHX,TEMPFEFATLIFE, HEATER 02 SOCI CHOIELlTE[P R TUR 0 isUS TO 5 P 1(R INLT kHtP FTL
TrTEMPEFH E, I-ESIRED COMPU70z; Alp irLE7 FI T 'C)?LTOF ExiH'' T J STPE,' ",Ell T M EFTij C IM U S 0 E YH AiJ D 0 'S IR EA~ 0' I
4 F
pP'I T S ".3 T cOVIEITI
p PI INT 'TOF tHE PPIU'TER ON L I N"
ci C LE F ll-'
INT HiOE Y AL (ULACS UL' I A 110% Y APEC
7 2:
-' -- -' ct -l? - ----
p fd
6 C
T In
S 'L!F9PATES PE CALCULATED USII 'c N' DTIMF%31,C8L I UENT F,LO F E U KPCKWT itED PROOEPTIE2, SMALL SONIC VIWLUEBH
Cr IMEAc t! KP DISIHAF': CHEFFIENS "HE 416 FLOWV NUZLE USES A,'A~LIDA. CEF rr 'E NT ,Cd ) 3F C,37
75
U M 'r T 1HE flCSD D ND-PNT SON IC CHOFE F LO N FTE CONSTAV'
II RSC,, GMMa c!/R ) x G(amma+1)25a +1)/Garma-i
I AFPU D T CN-A- FE3. CE LAO LEa)
I2 4 0AI U54.2 ,2 34 n4,
I*.C' 14C'S
I S S 0 r m. al, 1 ,a1.40r
415
I F fA = i 7 5
2 5 L M il 4d'- t -n 0SILI
1r~ 0 h 'd
OP 0 orctoLr
C 16)btok1230Dnchc~97i
'~~~~ 4~o~0
1 il THEP 2 "'IL ES A PE C 4R C 4EL AL IJEL :TYE) ~1H'ELECTFCU*11 ICE POINTS, 1EMFERATURFE REAL2N2E U'LIALES) AWI
IT 'CCNRTEP TO DEGREES ROWIN (R) PER 'INUSTRIA INSTRUMENTATION" Pf13' F IJ ECk HNf (PACGE 36?). THIS CALCULATION IS PERFIF ED IN Sl FROUTINL
~ '~a~TEN~OLAGEINTERIVAL'S ARE USED BETWEEN 460 AND 241 R.4, FPIt: IN F~K
14:1 ppit"T i t is "6/IWT-' H AU hENTOR TUBE BE USED? "YIN) ,Au
143 IF kc$7"' THEN Aw V
1~IF Vt I=" N TE A"SPRINT USINS
1 4, PRI'JT USIN.G '6/"147, IN-UT 4ILL THE AIR HEATER FE USED? fYn0",ZzS14,', IF ZzlzY' lhE i14? IF Zzl=*N" THE--N H'=O.1500 FR tNT USINS '! 'I il PRINT USIN "'
I ,2 INPUT "ILYOU UZE PRE-INITIALIZED VALUES OF CALIBRATION CONANTS AND 75-pri jy~\ 1) Z
I rT IF 7Z I THEN GOTO 1nj1011 COTO Trars-:a1
1 "*JOAEE TO TEN4FERATE (RANINE) CONVERSION SUBROIQE"
:F VolDY(,0153 THEN 1(V1OOE/tll2i+c106 IF Volst= 00153 AND VcIl;( .0332 THEN (Vo s-5).O >
1 11 I F h 1 )i3 U2 AND hcl( !VI609 THEN Tf Volt-,3G32 i 11:-
IF ;is= OH9 AND Volls( A 1f331 THEN TY(Vo "~1-,006090. POI)K
161 lF Yolls)7.00631 AND Vcits(,010)56 THEN T(V1,i3)Aii
16"' F Vclt z).01C56 AND Voits(,01295 THEN T~1,1 5)~U L
1-V olls)=,01295 AND 'JcIt;(.Gfle THEN TI((Vdls-,025)/.(32,
1 CA IF = 4,0523 AND Yoits( 11983 THEN 1Y ((olin-JI1518l' AVC2
7) 1 3YW' I F VcItsV,[5 ?WD UVcs( A2463 tHEN T('c~3,1I) "
171 ,IF a: l;4 =l73 AND V A I A .22B TEN T:(V.J0h-ti1s E) 0 OP(%,0 ,-
17 '',IF 1Insk,0222 ANE VcA1t;( *l2 T HEN T=((Vc~ts-.02225)" Iririn
IFUi )O6BAND hc~s( A236 THEN T=( (Volts-,02l2E)/. 00I023
1 IF V ott3165 AND Uot;( A13393 THEN I((V 0-.365) / A 0 P22
171 IF, '4gIt)=C3393 AND Iots .i361; THEN T=(Di-.')3393)/,iVC22
17-5 IF Vol ,)=.0361Y AND Volls(.I33B43 THEN T~k(VoIts-,036I9)/,0,3ii224'142i.P
171,' IF Volts)03843 AND lts( .D4062 THEN T=(Vll-.3P-43).000321
17F V c 46 AND VoWtA42T3 THEN T:(Vwlts .3062V, OH021
17E- iF Q Is3,:.042735 IE, Vc 1, 0 ,44 71 THEN I (c I ,-.427S V. / -.l?:i 1POW
1- IF YI;~lilTHLNT((o 42/05 i* 4
PET: A
V 1tV -1 - . P 0 r: ~ i -~ rFr a l
4
181 Peid'z"tAPCC'
I V O! ~ t11"O F"c 82 73
1941
1?E~ '9'TR(NSr'UCER EAIBR.AFiIOn
2f960 'IFE PWE 4 PRESSURE IPANEDVEERS THA MS41 1 1O~ AE FALIIRIIITF: TANS-LIE F9 L INEAR ITY MUST BE VERI F IED BEFOR C-P KE
G32 1IPL!T T PN1 PROC EDURE IS EMPLOYED, THE OUD [A ELIEIO 1 ;f2 AA 'T' I I fl, iiI : TP '.t~ "' t. 7A rnp h fl A ,'rlphT9t c1'
TH' I 'N';2LIES U -2'N "EZ~W
'1- R II [DU~ rt7 PULT 72 'LR I IScNIO1-T IT4QI" 1
9. IN UT "I'll YOU WANT TO C AL IFPAE 'TRAJOJES (Y/tLm',E2 1I I F I'YI " N" THEN COTO0 EndcalII INPUT liC (00 WNT CONSECUTIVE ORDF OF EAIF6TI' ( ,/K
4 1' V THEN £010 ConsI-,eclIM I t.FL; MD 'KU LW TO REEALIFRATE Fa' 0/")" ,y
211 IF 1y~Y"TE 0Fai
Lt FRPTU: ' F
I NP UT 'DO ;EU,' R ITATO IEP.LIPITE F: f/),v7r IF ty~ THE 0012 Fccai
2 2 C IF H-1, THEN( C9T Erdc :1
IF"DO YOU UWNT TOE REAIBRT Hf? A-,"1 IF 39 W H'4 000 Pt f:
: P R IINT U 816;I9N
I6 INPT DO YOU L WANT TO PEE A L I FA TE F6 h i8 W, yiC Yvbz"%" THEN GOTO PhocalG-- DO Erdzai
?'Cense::
P ' i1NT USI G "2/"
4 6
~ R~y 6R P F E S S U R E wYUN PP T "iNS-U;E TH4T NO PESSURE IS AFFLIEE. TO TiE TFRNSMEf
2 4 f. H ~ "IT COTI;UE WHEN REAMi TO TAKE ZERO REAEUU'4'p PME
20~ E AT 2 I
2467 EVR22 SI a -325ib I FcP
I N f C T" E C
27 R*K T 1 c 4 ow
-1CF ,T "Ar'F''~ MAXi~i EU RESUE fI T6 Hi1 HA: DE-VE,, CIrGT iES"RFP L "E-,17EE THE ,P4I Mh DREiII N psi %1
24FI DISU TIT CONTINUE WHEN FE4EI
eIST FEMPL 7H32590 OUTPUT TP,-MY260 SIT 22610 Coi1; T 7"77"~Lf' ENS 7214
264( ED, 'Pan iMV M/OEax VQ
265' F;NT '4E= a;:P
2 f 7 -, PFUT 'R/rh E D'$2M UF 210"N' THEN 60165h IF Cons ItN AMO fCca1
13 ) ot ,%xyl tK1 x slf m %fml w %x*x xxmx Ai1 XX**tmxXXlX)t 4.-y
173 PRPT "xCAL:tPATI9N C Nc THE T63 CHANFER PRESSURE TRANSDUKEq->, 4 ;x-:y h X Id i k kkkt %*Y kx tx* Y xV *%I Y t Y IX Ix xx % XY ** x x Y f Y Ti, f
zUj p2 1276F" P' i'TY xKx ZERO3 PR;ESSUR-'E f xxx"
25 FPT "INSUE THAT NK PRESSUR E IS APFLIEE TO THE IPAlNSIUCEE',-2 T7 S-"HIT CONTINUE WHEN 33EADY'
43-1 P.-=P -F ,4 70 P'IN7 USItM "4., DDD. D 16'"F a =;P q; P
SPP7h' USIJ,' "4A DD1iJ 1A V "T1a z"T~;4' IOFU "fl, AR FLOW RATCA&RATE NOUGrH7 (IA IF Yy1-:=Y" THEN~ COUT Prerun
11 anew=, P a N 1rd /Ma ir )-F ba,-414j PFF1 J RESE I Pa TO' nw~~c
L3 TC 'HIT 7O0,TD UE AFTEF , ~E SET OF Pa"
/.C riL-I1~' ny:~viPITU F PFE-RUN DATA(Y/,1"'b
IF X S I T D; CGTS Pre,,,-, 1
4"fi P, " - rPRiTVEPIS7
N P R E -PVE-U N D AT, ILI I Al F, Y
P t" IT L'S114 '3A fEDD D46,'yP - s
110 FF 10~ US INO "5q,D . 1IIIA,, "ai"ri1, 1L7-Ir:4 1,' R I IT UL' I N '4,E'.DDD1 1"Fir= pair,~(b/e)
S PRIN~TER I,
'MH CONTINU1E TO PRO1CEEv 10 :NEX T FLOW RATE KET U-
4 ."IF HO= T THE N OTO Pho;:ip4:- I F IR 1 N T U C''r '
,, U UT TC YO FN TO PESccET T HE H E ATEIR F U EL F LOW RA E 7 Z/)'~4t IFF THIE! COTO FhfskiF
4tL PRINT CI THE DESIRED, VALUE OF Phf USlNrQ T)4 HANDrL LOADER/PRESSLIRE G,'::
47j 1,11c' "HIT CONTINUE WHEN READY"420 F' ': , E
4- J.1 PRINi "IAJLL TURil ON AIR 'HEATER FUEL' SWITCH'41,60 DIeT PIT CUNTINUE TO FROCEED'4770 PAUSIE4-7fS0 OUTP'UT 709; "ACLI2"4790 OUTPUT1- 722: "134510 ENTER 2;~h4810 OUTPUT793"4 2 1: OUTPUT 722l'i'403[1 E NTE R 722;Jhf43040 L CILEAP 7 0940c5O PR INT ".ANUr'LLY TURNi OFF AIR 'HEATEP FUEL' SWITCH"
4 -C 0 75 0'H~"IT CONTINUE TO PROCEEL'
4 9 6 Phf=('hf-Vphfg)YVp f+Pbar41 C Volt I'thf4 i 7, 1 -31 Tcair4 0I 1 h ;
ENTER 1 S~ SN SUBROLUTINE Press51:,11 OUTPUT @RSv".;1STNT4'r'13r RETUP !
5 2
ITEK'EV'T!uF [CL LCTIN" ROUTII;EFO AU'hENTfF UN r; -EICTTt 'Y JTO T PJMUPLSxt'
.J I"g6bp64 Pi2
FrJ T. L~ 'M"I1 hA
PFPTNT Wyi"C'L[:~rIY' TEMPERATURES ;X*XW
JU T c caine "AC6AF6OAL&SAE2"
L'T p
R '71'TTET COW'LETE; TIJFN OFF M1AIN-ATP. HE4,7C TER DEL -r ' k'Vfy V IX XfXX k00*i*WM fXX X**0X)f*X > K I ) X x **IxfX MtY§ix4fy.'
I 05 T 0WN PVPATICn, DATA REDUCTION AND SHLI!DOL0ii I x y X x Y. y**n **nnX* * xy X x (XX X XIyX Y X Y 1 Y
PDI73' I T CTN TINUWJE TO PROC-ED TO D A T RECCDUCTIC
53
b4 FR I T~P U,: .'7
61J3p R' IcN T626t HINT U S I~6',7 0 P RI N U L'1W NG 14 ?ADDD.PI4A,96k, 14 ,1,' ?A 'I es, i z te I n
6 sl 'PRW JS'flG '14ADfDX1ADDDD~'4 DdD61-,, r F1;,) LUj,- 14 A4 D b .DDE D 6X, 14A, DDD , DI, D rh : Ia ~ r ' ~630 PRINT US1NI ',IS 14A DDDDDDDD, X 4D DDhoeDDD oc-fl '
631 P I SItK ;'1 4A DtDD.D X ~ D1i1d ldrtj,6- :Iv6 A0 R I NT US11 "4A, DDDD DD, D I4A DDDD -D;D 4 DDDD PU4 , DfJ''
for hot or wet starz by visually observing exhaust smoke at
rig and monitor the digital combustion chamber safety
temperature readout (commence shutdown if temperature reaches
1380 deg. F).
16. When steady-state operation is reached, begin traversing
the Kiel probe in the augmentor tube and obtain analyzer
measurements.
17. While at steady operation collect data with the HP
microcomputer and from the gas analysis equipment.
b9
18. After data is gathered, switch fuel OFF. Leave main air
on until engine and augmentor tube are ccol.
19. Turn main air OFF, record run time, and calculate fuel
used during run. Update fuel board in fuel storage room.
20. Isolate fuel tank with valves and bleed excess fuel in
lines with fuel switch activation.
21. Close main air valve outside.
22. Vent fuel tank from control panel if desired and close
fuel tank nitrogen bottle.
23. Bleed remaining air heater and torch gases from lines and
vent with remaining main air in lines. Back off pressure
loaders to zero in the control room.
24. Secure analyzers, complete shutdown, and reduce data.
60
APPENDIX C
Gas Analyzer Checklist
Two Hours Prior
1. Turn on the Power to Model 900. It is not necessary to
run any pumps at this time. When the heater has brought the
unit up to temperature the teilp cycle light will extinguish.
One Hour Prior
1. Turn on the Model 10AR power and ozone switch.
2. Turn on the Model 900 pump switch.
3. Plug in the vacuum pumps for the Model 10 and Model 90C
(behind the cabinet on the floor).
4. Plug in the vacuum pump for the Model 900 mounted to the
back of the unit.
S. Turn on the dilution gas to approximate one psi. This gas
can be compressed ambient air.
6. Turn on 0 for Model 10AR to 10 psi.
7. Expected readings on Model 900:
Chamber vacuum 23" Hg
Sample vacuum 10" Hg
Flow meter inside 1.8
Temp inside 175 deg F
Expected readings on Model 10:
Converter 650 deg C
Bypass 2.25 SCFH
61
Sample 5" Hg
Reaction chamber 29.5"Hg
02 press inside 2 psi
30 Minutes Prior
1. Turn on Model 48.
2. Turn on NO, span gas to 3 psi an 0.8 SCFH and connect to
span port of Model 900. Switch Model 900 to span. Note
reading and adjust calibration to obtain exact concentration
of span gi &viripd by 20.
3. Secure span gas and switch Model 900 back to sample and
note Model 10 returns to zero.
4. Verify gas sample switch in test cell with air pressure.
62
APPENDIX D
Transmittance Data
I -, .
I. F
APPENDIX E
TIMELINE FOR T-63 ADDITIVE TESTING
Min:Sec Event
00:00 Purge air ON
00:02 Strip chart ON
00:05 Main air ON
00:07 Fuel ON
00:09 Ignitor ON
00:15 Engine light off (approx. 1200 F 0.33 GPM)
00:20 Check laser GO/NOGO Mark strip chart
00:25 Adjust view from IR camera if necessary
00:30 Operate at steady state no additive
01:00 Take hot run data HP and IR
01:45 Turn additive pumps ON
01:5C Mark strip chart
02:30 Take hot run data HP and IR
03:15 Turn additive pumps OFF
03:20 Mark strip chart
03:45 Take hot run data HP and IR
04:30 Secure fuel
04:35 Mark strip chart air only
04:55 Secure air
05:0U Secure purge/strip chart
64
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Lefbevre,Arthur H., Gas Turbine Combustion, p.467,McGraw-Hill, 1983.
2. Lindsay,R.H., An Experimental Investigation of SootingCharacteristics of a Gas Turbine Combustor and AugmentorTube, Master's Thesis, Naval Postgraduate Schrol, Monterey,California, September 1988.
3. Naval Postgraduate School, Measurements of Gas TurbineCombustor and Engine Augmentor Tube Sooting Characteristics,Young, M.F., Grafton, T.A., Conner, H., and Netzer, D.,July 1988.
4. Cashdollar, K.L., Lee, C.K., and Singer, J.M.,"ThreeWavelength Light Transmission Techniques to Measure SmokeParticle Size and Concentration", Applied Optics, '.!. 18,No. 18, p. 1763-1769, June 1979.
5. USAF Engineering and Services Laboratory, Soot Controlby Additive-A Review, by J.B Howard and W.J. Kausch, p.4,September 1979.
6. Glassman, I., Combustion, Second edition, p. 3 29,Academic Press, 1987
7. Williamson,S.J., Fundamentals of Air Pollution, p. 279,Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1973.
T. USAF Engineering and Services Laboratory, A New CatalystFor NO, Control, by B.W. Nelson, S.G. Nelson, M.O. Hucgins,and P.A. Brandum, Sanitech inc., June 1989.
9. Berry, L.G. and Mason,B., Mineralogy; Concepts,Descriptions, Determinations, p. 509-510, W.H. Freeman,1959.
10. Kerr,G.T.,"Synthetic Zeolites," Scientific American,v.262, p. 100-105, July 1989.
11. Grafton, T.A., Measurements of Gas Turbine Combustorand Engine Augmentor Tube Sooting Characteristics, Master'sThesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California,September 1987.
65
12. Behrens, C.K., An Experimental Investigation Into NO,Control of a Gas Turbine Combustor and Augmentor TubeIncorporating a Catalytic Reduction System, Master's Thesis,Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, March 1990.
13. Headquarters, Department of the Army, Technical ManualTM 55-2840-231-24, Organizational, DS, and GS, MaintenanceManual for Engine Assembly Model T-63-A-SA (2840-923-6023)and Model T-63-A-700 (2840-179-5536), p. 1-13, 3 March 1972.
14. Instruction Manual, Model 900 Heated Sample GasDilution and Conditioning Unit, Thermo Electron Corp.,Hopkinson, Massachusetts, January 1983.
15. Instruction Manual, Model 10A Rack-MountedChemiluminescent NO-NO, Gas Analyzer, Thermo Electron Corp.,Franklin, Massachusetts, 1987.
16. Instruction Manual, Model 48 GFC Ambient CO Analyzer,Thermo Electron Corp., Franklin, Massachusetts, 1989.
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