Acts of the Organisation - OECD Legal Instruments

1967 O.E.C.D. - Acts of the Organisation - Vol. 7 97

No. 36

Machinery. Model Safety Regulations for tower cranes for buildingwork. Special Committee for Machinery, terms of reference.

RECOMMENDATION OF THE COUNCIL

concerning a Model of Safety Regulations for Tower Cranesfor Building Work

4th April 1967[Cf. C/M(67)7(Final), Item 70(a), (b) and (c) - Doc. No. C(67)34]

THE COUNCIL

Having regard to Article 5(b) of the Convention on the Organisation forEconomic Co-operation and Development of 14th December 1960 ;

Having regard to the Report by the Special Committee for Machineryof 24th June 1966 concerning a Model of Safety Regulations for TowerCranes for Building Work and the Comments by the Trade Committee of14th November 1966 on that Report [Doc. Nos. EQ(66)8 and Appendix ;C (66) 127] ;

Considering that obstacles to the expansion of trade in tower cranesresulting from differences between national technical regulations could bereduced by adapting them to a model of regulations ;

Considering, on the other hand, that in exceptional cases (for instance,use for special jobs, special local conditions, legislative necessities), Go¬vernments may be obliged to apply some regulations which go beyondcertain clauses of the Model and that manufacturers should therefore be

familiarised with stricter national regulations applicable in countries towhich they wish to export ;

I. RECOMMENDS Governments of Member countries to adapt theirnational technical regulations asi closely as possible to the proposed Modelof Safety Regulations for Tower Cranes for Building Work set out in theAnnex to this Recommendation.

II. REQUESTS Governments of Member countries to inform the Orga¬nisation in a year's time of the follow-up they have been able to give to thisRecommendation and to notify it of cases in which national regulations arestricter than those of the Model of Safety Regulations referred to above.

III. INSTRUCTS the Special Committee for Machinery to report to itin due course on the application of this Recommendation by MemberGovernments.

* This Recommendation does not apply to Canada, Japan or the United States who did notparticipate in the preparation of the Model Safety Regulations.


Annex

MODEL OF SAFETY REGULATIONS

FOR TOWER CRANES FOR BUILDING WORK

1. STANDARDS OF STRENGTH AND SAFETY

FOR TOWER CRANES FOR BUILDING WORK

2. RECOMMANDATIONS TO THE USERS OF

TOWER CRANES FOR BUILDING WORK

3. MEMORANDUM OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION

I STANDARDS OF STRENGTH AND SAFETY FOR TOWER CRANES

FOR BUILDING WORK

II GENERAL INFORMATION

III PURPOSE :

The aim of these regulations is to define the safety requirements forthe construction and use of tower cranes.

The regulations are intended to ensure correct construction and mustbe regarded as minimum requirements.

112 CONSTRUCTION ;

In so far as their structural steelwork and their mechanical and

electrical components are concerned, tower cranes shall comply withthe provisions of the Rules for the Design of Hoisting Appliancesprepared by the Fédération Européenne de la Manutention (F.E.M.)Section I - (10, avenue Hoche, Paris 8e - France).

12 INSTALLATION

121 STABILITY i :

Means for securing the crane (jacks, rail clamps, chocks, etc.), formooring it (bracing stays), for applying brakes and, where necessary,for allowing it to slew freely, shall be provided by the manufacturer topermit immobilization of the crane when it is out of use or to reduceloads due to the force of the wind. These devices shall be providedwhether the lifting appliance is mounted on wheels or not, makingdue allowance for the wind, as stipulated in the Rules for theDesign of Hoisting Devices set up by F.E.M. Section I. Detailed in¬structions for use shall be supplied by the manufacturer to the user.The manufacturer shall likewise provide instructions regarding com¬position of the ballast at the foot of the tower as well as the ballastto be hung from the counter jib ; these shall include, in particular,the maximum weights and sizes for the ballast. The ballast shall bedesigned to ensure that it can neither move nor fall whilst the craneis in operation, nor when there is a tendency to overturn because ofoverloading. The manufacturer shall supply the necessary devices toensure its correct position on the crane.

122 SHOCK ABSORBING DEVICES :

When a crane is designed to travel along a rail track, travelling mo¬tion shall be designed to avoid derailment on a correctly laid trackduring normal usage. The crane shall be provided with robust fenders

See paragraph 212 « Recommendations to the Users ».


or1 similar devices which are capable of supporting the crane on thetrack if derailment occurs, or if a wheel or an axle breaks.

Furthermore, there shall be a device capable of absorbing shocks.

13 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

131 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS :

Any electrical gear installed shall be required to conform to theregulations in force in the country of the user.Furthermore, no electrical wiring shall be subjected to tensile, bendingor torsional stresses other than those occasioned by its own weightor by the operation of a winding device ; thus a slip-ring or similardevice must be provided to pass electric current from a stationarypart to a rotating part of the machine except in cases where rotationcan be limited to a few turns, the number of which would depend onthe height of the tower. The manufacturer shall supply the user withall necessary information concerning the main supply cable to thecrane (series, section, number of leads, etc.).

132 SWITCHGEAR :

The manufacturer shall provide at the main current in-fake on thecrane fuses and a switch of suitable capacity, or any other device toensure the cutting off of all the phases or all the poles except earthing.This switch shall be equipped with a device capable of locking it inthe open position.Furthermore, the driver's cabin shall be equiped with a master switchallowing the crane driver to stop all movement of the crane exceptany electro-magnetic lifting device, in the event of abnormal functioning.This switch shall ensure effective protection against current overloads.The electric motors shall be protected separately against currentoverloads.

133 VOLTAGE SAFETY REGULATIONS :

All bare live conductors in the cabin carrying currents other thanthose of very low harmless voltage shall be shielded against inad¬vertent contact.

Any necessary devices shall be provided to prevent unauthorized per¬sons gaining access to live components and to components whosemaladjustment might interfere with safety ; the switch gear boxesin particular shall be padlocked or otherwise locked and all boxescontaining resistances guarded so that hands cannot be inserted.

Where remote control is used, all circuits which terminate with ahand-operated control shall carry only a low voltage not exceeding55 volts (see paragraph 131).

134 EARTHING SYSTEMS :

All stationary and moving metallic masses shall be earthed in accor¬dance with regulations in force in the country of the user.

Earthing shall be ensured by a supplementary conductor made andinstalled in accordance with the same regulations as those governingsupply leads.The user is reminded that he must also ensure that the crane track

is earthed.


14 CABINS AND MEANS OF ACCESS

141 CABINS :

Cabins which are not at all times accessible directly from the groundmust be built of fire resistant materials. The minimum size of the

cabins must be adequate to allow operation without inconvenience,particularly affording sufficient height and floor space.They shall be so located that the driver is at all times able toi seefrom his working position all operations carried out l and, withinthe limits of possibility, the load itself, and so> that even if he iscompelled1 to lean out to direct these operations, he would not be ina dangerous position.

Cabins shall be provided with a roof to protect the driver from fallingobjects.The frames of the glazed windows shall be designed so that the panescan be cleaned without danger to personnel.Provision shall be made to ensure that the cabin can be properlyventilated and effectively lit.Where the source of power is other than electrical, appropriate measu¬res must be taken to prevent exhaust fumes from the engine obscuringthe view of or causing discomfort to the driver.Where the driving position is located at the foot of the crane aprotective roof shall be provided.

142 FLOORS :

The control platform and all other platforms must be made of fire¬proof materials.Where perforated sheet-metal or any other material not presentingan unbroken surface is used, the perforations or interstices shall havea maximum diameter of 3 cms. in the absence of a stricter rule.

Platforms and gangways should be provided with toe-guards of aminimum height of 10 cms.

143 ACCESS TO CABINS, AND PATHS FOLLOWED FOR ASSEMBLYWORK, MAINTENANCE AND CONTROL :

Access to cabins and paths followed for1 assembly work, maintenanceand control shall be designed for optimum safety 2.

In particular, there must be no places with a free drop below alongthe the path normally followed by the driver when going to or fromhis working place. When access is by means of ladders, these shallbe placed at a distance of about 0.16 metres from the face of thetower. From a height not exceeding 2 metres above the bottom of theladder, these ladders shall be fitted with hoop-guards of a diameternot exceeding 0.70 metres, with the hoops spaced at a maximumdistance of 0.90 metres or at a maximum distance of 2.40 metres if

they are connected together by at least three vertical rails suitablyspaced.Where the ladder is placed inside the tower, this positioning shall beaccepted instead of the hoop guards, provided that the inside of thetower, without the ladder, is not more than 1 metre square, or iftriangular, the greatest side does not exceed 1.50 metres.

1. See paragraph 253 concerning the use of a signaller.2. See paragraph 271 «Safety during maintenance».

1967 O.E.C.D. Acts of the Organisation - Vol. 7 105

In all cases, whether hoop-guards be provided or not, rest platformsshall be provided at maximum intervals of 10 metres. Where the ladderis equipped with hoop-guards, the distance over which they are omittedabove each platform shall not exceed 2 metres. Where the platformsand gangways are on the outside of the tower they must be fittedwith guard-rails.

144 HEATING :

Provision shall be made to ensure that the cabin can be heated.

In electrically-operated tower cranes, the manufacturer shall providean electrical point in the cabin to enable a heating appliance and itssafety transformer to be connected up if required.

15 MOTORS, CHAINS AND ROPES,LIMIT SWITCHES

151 GUARDING OF MOVING PARTS :

All the moving parts shall be fitted with guards wherever their motionis liable to cause danger to personnel.The crane's running-wheels shall be fitted with wheel guards unlesstheir position provides equivalent safety.All overhanging, moving parts of the motors or the controls of thecrane shall be provided with a casing or a metal cover to retain themshould they be displaced.

152 PROTECTION AGAINST FALLING OBJECTS :

All appropriate steps shall be taken to prevent objects from fallingfrom the cranes and to afford protection to workmen in such cases.

153 HOOKS, ROPES, SLINGS :

All suspension hooks shall be of adequate design and strength andshall be designed to prevent accidental displacement of the load.

The ropes and the slings shall not be subjected to a load exceedingone-sixth of their theoretical breaking load. They shall not be splicedother than at their ends. They shall correspond to the F.E.M. rulesfor the choice of ropes (see paragraph 112).

154 WINDING DRUMS :

The flanges of the drum on which the rope is wound shall projectabove the last layer of rope wound on in normal operation by at leasttwice the rope's diameter.The strength of the system) used to anchor the rope on the windingdrum shall be equal to at least thrice the normal working load onthe rope ; 3 dead turns on the drum next to the anchorage of therope are compulsory.

155 BRAKES :

All cranes shall be equipped with brakes or other equivalent devicecapable of stopping the load or the crane in any position.

Such devices shall be either automatic or operated by the crane driverimmediately and directly from his working position, even in the eventof a total or partial interruption in the power supply to the crane.


This latter requirement shall not apply to the traversing motion(jib-crab) when, with the absence of any wind effect and with thesource of power suddenly cut off, the crane component under conside¬ration is capable of stopping over 0.50 metres, or, in the event of anunfavourable wind 1 ; over a distance in metres of not more than

onethirtieth of the speed of the component expressed in metres perminute.

Uncontrolled lowering of loads is forbidden. The lowering of loadssolely under the control of a brake shall be permissible only if themachinery is equipped with a speed limiter (a device which limits thespeed that can be reached by the load when the brake is released) andonly if such brakes call for continuous action by the driver throughoutthe descent, i.e. only if the brake is of the type which is automaticallyapplied as soon as such action by the driver ceases (brake withcontrolled release).

156 SAFETY DEVICES :

Provision shall be made for the following :

(1°) A torque or load limiter that will function on an overload of10 per cent maximum.

(2°) Where this torque limiter is inaccurate for small radii a maxi¬mum load limiter shall be provided.

(3°) An upper end-of-travel limiter for the lifting hook.

(4°) Resilient buffers at both ends of travel of the jib-crab.

(5°) Inward and outward limiters for jibs which derrick under load.

(6°) Travel limiters for the rail track.

The torque or load limiters shall cut off lifting motion in the upwarddirection as well as the crab traversing motion in the outward direc¬tion, or the outward motion of the jib when the latter can be derrickedunder load.

157 PULLEY-BLOCK :

To enable loads to be hooked on without workmen having to handlethe pulley block or the hoisting rope, a few chain links might beprovided between the pulley block and the hook, when the safe loadis up to 3 tons.Pulley blocks that are handled shall be equipped with a protectivedevice to prevent the hand of a workman being accidentally caughtbetween the rope and the pulley block.

158 ACCIDENTAL DROPPING OF LOADS :

Electro-magnetic or pneumatic gripping devices shall be allowable onlyif they are equipped with efficient devices other than electro-magneticdevices to prevent the load being dropped.These devices shall not be compulsory if effective measures are takento prevent the access of personnel to zones where loads might bedropped accidentally.

16 SAFETY IN OPERATION

161 MARKING OF CONTROLS :

All controls shall be clearly marked to indicate their purpose andmode of operation.

1. See «Rules for the Design of Hoisting Appliances» drawn up by the F.E.M. (cf. paragraph 112).


162 INSTRUCTION PLATES :

Plates clearly indicating the rated loads and the radii shall be placedin the driver's cabin, outside on the crane tower and, if necessary,on the jib.If special materials such as high tensile steel or aluminium alloyshave been used in the structure, the crane shall bear a notice tothis effect.

Plates giving working instructions and other directions concerningthe use of the crane shall also be placed in the cabin.

163 SIGNALLING SYSTEM :

An audible warning device shall be provided for operation from thedriving position.

17 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

171 PROTECTION OF MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL :

To permit regular inspection, greasing and maintenance to be carriedout and, in the absence of properly protected passageways, provisionshall be made to allow for the use of a safety belt. Pulleys at the endof the jib shall be designed so as to dispense with the need for anymaintenance lubrication between the erection and dismantling of thecrane.

172 TESTS AND INSPECTION LOGBOOK :

The manufacturer shall supply all documents such as Logbook andTest Certificates which shall be readily available for inspection at alltimes.

2 RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE USERS OF TOWER CRANES FOR

BUILDING WORK

In the absence of any stricter national regulations, the user shall fulfilthe following requirements.

21 CRANE AND TRACK INSTALLATION

211 LOCATION :

The location of the crane and its track shall be chosen as follows :

A free space of about 0.6 metres shall be allowed between projectingparts of the crane and any buildings. Where such an arrangement is notpracticable, refuges shall be provided at regular intervals not morethan 10 metres apart, failing which access to the danger zone shallbe prohibited.Steps shall be taken to ensure that no part of the crane or thesuspended load itself can come into contact with live electric powerlines. To this end, these lines shall be situated a safe distance away.

212 STABILITY :

The stability of the crane, whether it be stationary or mobile, inservice or merely subjected to the force of the wind, shall at all timesbe safeguarded by absolute firmness of the ground and by appropriatemooring and staying devices (bracing struts, ballast, jib allowed toslew freely, etc.).The ground which is to support the crane shall be examined and ifnecessary suitably made up to prevent deflection tendency of the crane.


In particular where a crane travels along a track, the latter shall bebuilt on solid supports. The instructions of the manufacturers shallstipulate that the pressure on the ground shall not exceed 3Kg/cm2.Similarly, regardless of whether it is anchored to the foot of thetower or to the overhanging part of the jib, the ballast shall conformto the manufacturer's instructions as regards its weight, density, size,etc. The counter-jib ballast may be in reinforced concrete or in bulkform, but in the latter case, the material used for the ballast shallbe contained in a closed metal case an,d the density of the materialused shall be checked each time the crane is reassembled.

Furthermore, in the case of cranes mounted on wheels, in order toprevent their being moved by the force of the wind, chocking, mooringand braking devices shall be provided. These shall be designed towithstand the strongest wind forces to be expected under local con¬ditions.

The ends of all rail tracks shall be equipped with buffers designedso as to avoid derailment or overturning of the crane.Otherwise, failing provision of an equivalent device, crane travel shallbe slowed down at each end of the track by a suitably arrangedquantity of sand placed in front of the buffers.

22 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

221 ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY LINES :

Where a crane is designed to travel along a track and to be suppliedfrom several different points, the points shall be supplied by a singlepower line.

The user shall obtain from the manufacturer all particulars con¬cerning the type and cross-section of the power supply lines havingregard to the optimum operational possibilities of the crane, themanner in which these lines are laid, and, where applicable, to localweather conditions.

All steps shall be taken to prevent damage to power lines due tomechanical, chemical or heat effects. In particular, no part of a liftingappliance, whatever it may be, nor the suspended load, must be capableof coming into direct contact with bare live conductors or of damaginginsulated conductors. To this end they shall be kept a safe distanceaway from the conductors.

Where a crane is powered by a flexible multi-lead cable and there isany danger of the latter's being crushed or severed between the trackand any part of the crane such as a stone-fender, wheel, etc., theuser shall equip his crane with a winding drum or similar devicecapable of affording an equivalent degree of protection to the cable.

222 SWITCHGEAR :

If the crane is of the stationary type and is connected directly to themain distribution board or to any point on the main supply, provisionshall be made on the crane supply system and immediately below theconnection point for a circuit-breaker or a switch with fuses ofappropriate cut-off capacity. The switchgear chosen shall be capableof cutting off all the phases and all the poles and shall permit thecrane and its power leads to be isolated from the source of current ;it shall also be capable of being locked on the « circuit broken »position.If the crane is of the travelling type and uses only one fixed powersupply point which is already protected by one of the switchgear


devices stipulated above, it will suffice to provide a switch of appro¬priate capacity near the crane and in a position which is easilyaccessible to, and known by, all personnel. When this is the case thelocking device referred to above shall be used on this latter switch.If the crane is of the travelling type and uses several power supplypoints, these points must be branched on to the same supply linewhich must be protected and arranged as indicated in the paragraphabove. Where such supply points consist of power take-offs, the lattershall be either of the « recessed plug » type or shall be supplementedby interlocking switches to prevent the withdrawable part of theconnector from being inserted or withdrawn while the connector is live.

223 EARTHING :

All metallic masses shall be earthed regardless of the supply voltage.Such earthing shall be made by a special conductor and via the rails,which shall be properly connected up for the purpose.

When a single multi-core cable is used to supply the crane it shallinclude an earthing conductor wire in addition to the supply conductors.This earthing conductor shall not be cut off by the switch or thecircuit breaker referred to in paragraph 222 above.

23 LIFTING ACCESSORIES

231 HOISTING ROPE :

All splicing other than at the thimbles used on the ends of thehoisting rope is prohibited. Any hoisting rope in which a number ofwires equivalent to a full strand is broken or in which the externalwires show a degree of wear in excess of 50 per cent of their diametershall be rejected and replaced by a new rope in good condition. It isimportant to note that when a rope is replaced, the new rope mustbe of identical composition and diameter to that recommended by themanufacturer ; a greater diameter does not increase the service lifeof the rope.

232 CHAINS :

Chains shall not be shortened by knotting and precautions shall betaken to avoid damage by contact with sharp edges.

233 HOOKS :

It shall be the user's responsibility to maintain in good condition thehook and any device for preventing accidental unhooking of the load.

234 SLINGS :

Sling dimensions shall be compatible with hook sizes. Slings shall bearranged and maintained to prevent them from breaking, slipping orbeing cut. They shall not be placed in contact with sharp corners onthe loads they are required to lift. For a given load, their strengthmust be increased as the angle between the sling legs increases.

235 ACCESSORY RATINGS :

The maximum safe load which can be applied to hooks, ropes, chains,etc., shall be clearly marked on each accessory or, alternatively, on aplate or a ring securely fixed to the tackle.


24 DRIVERS' QUALIFICATIONS

241 BASIC REQUIREMENTS :

It is forbidden to assign to crane driving duties any worker who doesnot fulfil the following conditions :

2411 MINIMUM AGE :

The minimum age for driving a building crane shall be the same asthe one fixed in each country for driving a heavy lorry.

2412 PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION PROMPTITUDE

OF REFLEXES :

Normally a preliminary medical examination is recommended.

2413 INSTRUCTION :

Sufficient and adequate training given if possible by a trade school.

2414 PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE :

Before being entrusted with a crane the crane driver must haveworked at least one month as assistant crane driver. During that timehe must have shown that he completely understands the characteristicsand the use of these machines.

242 THEORETICAL QUALIFICATIONS :

Some knowledge of electricty and internal combustion engines.

General knowledge of the construction of a crane.Some knowledge of technical terms.Understanding of a working drawing and identification of spareparts.

243 PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE :

2431 BEFORE STARTING TO USE THE CRANE :

Check the track (buffers, sleepers, earth connection, and verifyit is level).

Check the supply voltage.Check the ballast (at the base and on the counter-jib).Fill up the oil sumps and lubricate.Put the parts of the crane in proper order for assembly.

Check the electrical equipment.Check the safety devices (their operation and adjustment).

2432 DRIVING THE CRANE :

In addition to the correct operation of the various motions of the crane,the crane driver must know the safety rules in force in the countryof use and the special safety rules recommended by the crane manu¬facturer.

2433 MAINTENANCE :

Lubrication lubrication chart.

Adjustments.Periodical checking of the structure and the bolts.Normal running repairs.Keeping up to date of a maintenance and inspection book.


25 DRIVER'S CABIN AND CRANE

OPERATION

251 ACCESS TO THE CRANE :

The approach to the ladder giving access to the driver's cabin must belevel and free from obstructions to free passage of the crane driveras he goes to or from his working position. When natural lightingis inadequate, access to the working position shall be provided withsuitable placed anti-glare artificial lighting.

252 DRIVER'S CABIN :

The best possible arrangements shall be made to shelter the cranedriver from the weather, smoke, toxic gas fumes, radiation or otherharmful emanations.

Window frames provided by the manufacturer in the cabin shall befitted with safety glass.During cold weather the heating of the cabin shall be efficient, forexample by a radiator with low temperature heating elements andof a very low voltage.

253 CRANE OPERATIONS :

The clearance provided between the jib and the highest gangwayused by workmen on the building shall measure at least two metres.If the load passes at a distance of less than two metres above thehighest gangway, a signaller shall be stationed on that gangway togive warning of the approach of the loads.In cases where a lifting device is not controlled from the ground butfrom a suspended cabin, a worker shall ensure constant liaison, usingsignals, between the driver and signaller on the ground over which theload is liable to be be moved.

A chart of hand control signals for operating lifting appliances shallbe displayed inside the cabin.In cases where the conditions laid down in paragraph 211 above, inconnection with crane siting in relation to electric power lines, aredifficult to fulfil, the crane user shall be required to equip his crane withefficient, strongly constructed slewing limiters. If necessary, it mustbe possible to operate such devices from the cabin or control position.

254 FIRE PREVENTION MEASURES :

The storing of rags, waste, oil or other combustible material in thedriver's cabin is strictly forbidden.Closed metal containers shall be provided outside the cabin for ragsand other waste and shall be emptied at regular itervals.

Cabins shall be equiped with extinguishers to ensure that any out¬break of fire can be effectively dealt with.The extinguishing products used must not be dangerous to workmen.

26 RULES AND REGULATIONS

The Rules and Regulations shall be posted up on all premises or siteswherever any of them are applicable, as well as in drivers' cabins.

See «Memorandum of Instructions for Operation», page 121 et seq.


These Rules and Regulations must include the following :

(1°) The safety measures to be taken during normal operation of theappliance, and, particularly, clear instructions to the effect thatthe power supply must be cut off when the driver leaves hisworking position.

(2°) Precautions to be taken to prevent displacement of objects irres¬pective of whether such objects are carried by the lifting deviceitself or are struck by it or its load when the crane is in motion.

(3°) Prohibition of riding on the load or on the hook or the sling.

(4°) The safety measures to be laid down for safeguarding workmentaking part in the crane inspection, greasing, cleaning, mainte¬nance and repair work.

262 OPERATION OF THE CRANE :

The signaler referred to in the second sub-paragraph of paragraph 253shall take effective steps to prevent any danger from the loads or throughaccidental dropping thereof. He shall attend to all slinging, picking up,transporting, setting down and unhooking operations. He shall alsoensure that the regulations in connection with the prohibition of ridingon the loads and on the hooks or the slings are strictly observed byall workmen.

It is forbidden :

(1°) to use lifting appliances to tow vehicles of any description, topull away loads attached to the ground or to wails, or for anyoperations other than the mechanical handling of loads.

(2°) to make the crane describe a complete revolution without subse¬quently slewing it back again in cases where the hoist winch doesnot turn with the jib in order to prevent the lifting rope fromtwisting.A priority drill shall be laid down when several cranes areworking and travelling on the same track.

263 MOVEMENT OF LOADS :

It is forbidden :

(1°) to exert an oblique pull on the load,

(2°) to lift a load of greater weight than that indicated on theappliance, having regard to prevailing working conditions,

(3") to carry loads over the heads of workmen unnecessarily,

(4°) to swing a load in an attempt to set it down at a point which isnormally beyond the crane's reach.

264 TRANSPORT OF WORKMEN :

It is forbidden to use lifting appliances to transport workmen exceptunder exceptional circumstances for which special permission has beengranted.

27 MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING

271 SAFETY DURING MAINTENANCE AND

SERVICING OPERATIONS :

In cases where the workmen are exposed to danger when engaged inservicing and maintenance, the user shall provide them with effectivesafety belts together with all necessary fittings. He shall furthermoreensure that such belts are effectively used and are properly maintained.


272 MAINTENANCE :

Periodic adjustments shall be made to the brakes and to the tractioncable of the jib crab.All greasing, cleaning, maintenance and repairs shall be done whenthe crane is stationary.Should it be absolutely necessary, however, to set the crane in motionin order to carry out certain tasks, the latter shall be performedunder the supervision of a qualified person and not during normaluse of the crane.

A qualified supervisor shall also be employed when any work iscarried out in immediate proximity to bare live wires.

273 INITIAL TESTS 1 :

Before being put into service, all cranes shall be tested.

274 PERIODIC INSPECTIONS i :

In addition to the tests mentioned above, all appliances and theiraccessories shall be thoroughly examined in accordance with localrequirements.In addition, the appliances and their accessories shall be inspected eachtime they are put into service after remaining idle, unless they wereinspected less than three months previously.

Such inspections shall be repeated each time an appliance has beendismantled or has undergone modifications. Appliances which aremoved about frequently, shall, however, be exempted from such inspec¬tions provided they are tested at least every six months.Tests and inspections shall be done by a competent person.

3 MEMORANDUM OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION

The memorandum of instructions shall be written in the language ofthe country of the user and shall cover the following points and anyadditional items required by national regulations.

31 PREAMBLE

Main particulars of the crane or cranes installed on the building siteand details of the safety equipment with which it is or they areprovided.Name of the person responsible for maintenance.Name of the crane driver and, where applicable, his deputy for eachcrane.

Name of the signaller on the pickup area, on the set-down area and,where applicable, names of intermediate signallers.

32 ROUTINE SERVICE

321 CHECKS :

The correct level of the track or the supports used for the appliance(daily).The condition and location of end-of-track buffers and, the shock

absorbing devices which precede them (daily).

The condition and efficiency of the brakes under no-load conditions(daily).

1, Section I of the F.E.M. has compared testing conditions in the various countries, which appearin the «Rules for the Design of Hoisting Appliances», (cf. paragraph 112).


The condition, adjustment and functioning of the various limiters andsafety devices fitted to the lifting appliance (daily).The condition of the electric power supply installation (daily).

The condition of the earthing devices and continuity of the earthingcircuit (daily).The condition and weight of all ballasting on each occasion of instal¬lation or alteration.

The condition, at specified intervals, of the lifting rope and itsanchorage on the winding drum and the number of rope turns whichmust remain on the drum under all circumstances.

322 STEPS TO BE TAKEN PRIOR TO USE :

Removal if possible of all overhead electric conductors inside theworking zone of the crane.Special safety regulations to be observed in cases where a bare electricconductor cannot be removed and must therefore remain inside the

working zone.

323 CRANE OPERATION :

It is forbidden for the crane driver to stand on or climb onto the

framework outside his cabin whilst the crane is in operation.Full visibility must be afforded to the crane driver during operation ofthe crane and movement of the load ; failing this the regulationsapplying to signallers must be observed.Minimum distance to be observed between the clearance of the

appliance and the various parts of the building under construction ;provision where necessary of shelters and the framing of a code ofwarning signals.Role of the ground signaller during operations and supervision of themovement of the crane near the end of the track.

Means to be provided for cutting off the electric power.Priority of operation to be defined should different cranes' workingzones overlap.Measures to be taken to prevent the rope being twisted (by alternaterotation of the jib and unrolling and untwisting the rope on theground, etc.).Prohibiting unauthorized persons from operating a lifting appliance.

324 LIFTING LOADS :

Specification of weights to be lifted and appointment of responsiblepersons for checking and assessing them.Prohibition of attempts to lift a load attached to the ground, or towalls.

Prohibition from swinging loads or pulling them obliquely.Precautions to be taken during exceptional forms of lifting operation(e.g. lifting large panels liable to be caught by the wind, or acombined lift by two cranes at the same time) by anchoring orotherwise preventing the jib crab moving to the end of the jib.

325 INTERRUPTION OF WORK :

When wind velocity as indicated by the manufacturer (on the basisof F.E.M. design rules - see paragraph 112) is above that at which it isadvisable to stop work. Method of determining this.Safety measures to be taken in high winds or stormy conditions(designation and use of anchoring points or strutting points, in accor¬dance with recommendations given by the manufacturer on the basisof F.E.M. design rules - see paragraph 112).


Positioning of the crane or cranes at the aforementioned anchoringpoints or strutting points during idle periods.Obligation of the crane driver to cut off the electric supply when heleaves his working position.

326 MAINTENANCE :

Capacity of protection fuses ; fault tracing in the event of blownfuses.

Cleanliness of control positions and electrical cubicles. Compulsoryclosure of the latter.

33 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO

PREVENT OBJECTS FROM FALLING

Daily checks of slings, their fastenings and of hook safety devices, ifany.

Safety measures to be observed when attaching and hooking on loads ;choice and position of slings and chains and. of guard rails placedround platforms ; closure and locking of grabs and buckets, balancingof long loads, etc.Provision of landing places on each floor on the building.Duties of the signaller (s), particularly with regard to supervising andchecking of proper attachments of the load.Obligation of the crane driver to agree methods with the signaller orsignallers before each operation.Code of operating signals to be observed ; ensuring that the cranedriver and each signaller has a copy of this code.Prohibition from leaving loads suspended.Prohibition from remaining in the hoisting area during normal liftingoperations and during testing. Suitable provision during the latter topermit easy escape. Defining of the dangerous zone.Precautions to be taken in the case of authorized transport of workmenby a crane (checking of the special lifting hook and the guard rails ;avoidance of swinging and of the platform's running foul of the wallsor of any openings, etc.).

34 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING

MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION, REPAIR WORKOR ASSEMBLY

All maintenance, greasing and other similar work must be done whenthe crane is idle, the crane to be placed out of service for the timerequired. Obligation to switch off and lock the electric power supply.Compulsory use of the hoop-guards of trapdoors for reaching the work¬ing position. Prohibition from climbing on the steel framing.

Instruction as to the location, availability and use of safety belts andtheir accessories.

Prohibition from climbing to the end of the jib, or instructions on thespecial precautions to be taken when this is unavoidable.Obligation (before a crane is assembled) to grease all anti-frictionbearings located elsewhere than in the lower, and to fill the greaseboxes in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Intervals between greasing in accordance with the manufacturer's in¬structions.

Inspection of all electrical insulations.Replacement after maintenance of all casings or guards used to enclosedangerous components (gears, wheels, belts, etc.) and of all junction-box covers.

Inspection of all working ropes prior to undertaking a raising ortelescoping operation of the appliance.


A check to be made of all telescoping safety devices prior to anytelescoping or dismantling operation.A check to be made of all pulleys in each block and of the correctpositioning of the rope in the pulley grooves immediately after apulley-block is placed under load and before it is required to performany operation.Appointment of a foreman and positioning of workmen during telesco¬ping and dismantling operations.Test loads to be placed at the disposal of the inspecting organisations ;composition of such test loads.

In adopting this Recommendation, the Council :

1. NOTED that Canada, Japan and the United States had not particip¬ated in this work and that the Recommendation would not apply to thosecountries.

2. NOTED that nothing in the present wording of the Recommendationand in that of the Model Safety Regulations would prevent changes beingmade in those texts if the need subsequently arose.

No. 37

External Relations. Intergovernmental Organisations. Councilof Europe. Presentation to the Consultative Assembly of theFifth Annual Report on the Activities of the Organisation.

RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL

concerning the Presentation to the Consultative Assemblyof the Council of Europe of the Fifth Annual Report on

the Activities of the Organisation

4th April, 1967[Cf. C/M(67)7(Final), Item 71]

THE COUNCIL

NOTES that the Fifth Annual Report on the Activities of the Organisa¬tion as set out in Doc. No. C(67)27 of 10th April 1967, will be presented tothe Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe by Mr. Kurt SCHMUE-CKER, German Minister for State-Owned Property.

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