DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION BUILDING BLOCKS OF DNA: Nucleotides: 1. 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Nitrogenous base (A, T, C, or G) 3. Phosphate group NITROGENOUS BASES PYRIMIDINES PURINES Single ring structure C and T Double ring structure G and A Cytosine Guanin e Thymine Adenine Molecular Genetics Bio 10 BCC Page 1 of 10
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Activity1_notesbio10bcc.weebly.com/.../molecular_genetics_bcc_notes.docx · Web viewDouble helix Double stranded Twisted ladder Sides of ladder consist of alternating sugar & phosphate
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DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION BUILDING BLOCKS OF DNA: Nucleotides:
1. 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Nitrogenous base (A, T, C, or G) 3. Phosphate group
NITROGENOUS BASESPYRIMIDINES PURINESSingle ring structure C and T Double ring structure G and A
Cytosine Guanine
Thymine Adenine
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DNA STRUCTURE
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Hydrogen bonds
C and G H bonds between 3 −
A and T H bonds between 2 −
hold bases togetherHydrogen bonds −C – G −A – T −Purine – pyrimidine − bases 2 −
Rungs of ladder phosphate groups of alternating sugar & Sides of ladder consist Twisted ladder Double stranded Double helix
One strand 5’ at top & 3’ at bottom ANTIPARALLEL STRANDS Other strand: 5’ at bottom & 3’ at top
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Nucleotide
deoxyribose carbon in rd3
’ end 3
deoxyribose carbon in th5
’ end 5
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codonAnti-
specific • with codon on mRNA Anti-codon base pairs • ribosomes carries amino acid to • transfer RNA •
tRNA
acid Amino
Site of protein synthesis % protein 40
(rRNA)RNAibosomal 60% rlarge small
subunits2
Ribosomes
cytoplasm to ribosomes in DNA in nucleus proteins from making carries code for
bases = AUCGsugar = ribose
single stranded
messenger RNA mRNA
Transcription
Transcription
Transcription
Bases = ATCG • deoxyribose Sugar = •
Double stranded• DNA
YNTHESISSROTEIN P
GENETIC CODE 1 codon = 3 consecutive bases 1 codon codes for 1 amino acid (A.A.) There are 4 bases (A, T, C, G) Thus 43 (64) possible combinations of codons There are 20 amino acids Code is redundant (2 or more codons code for same amino acid) but not ambiguous (no codon codes for more than 1 amino acid)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS – OVERVIEWCentral Dogma of Biology
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Protein
build protein) uses codons in mRNA to (
Translation
Transcription
mRNA
DNA (Coding strand)
• base-pairs RNA nucleotides with exposed DNA bases