Active EOD Field Guide

-1 0

LOAD

SAFETY

QUEST

PHASE I

PHASE II

PHASE III

PHASE IV

PHASE I

PHASE II

PHASE III

PHASE IV

POC’s

GEN INFO

RECON

NAME / SSN DOB BLOOD

MEDIVAC 9 LINE

Line 1. Location of pick-up site. Line 2. Radio Frequency / Call sign of requesting unit. Line 3. Number of patients by precedence. A- Urgent B- Urgent/Surgery C- Priority D- Routine E- Convenience Line 4. Special equipment required. A- None B- Hoist C- Extraction equipment D- Ventilator Line 5. Number of patients by type. L- Litter A- Ambulatory Line 6. Security of pick-up site. N- Number of enemy troops P- Possible enemy troops E- Enemy troops in area Line 7. Method of marking pick-up site. A- Panels B- Pyro C- Smoke Line 8. Patient nationality and status. A- US Military B- US Civilian C- Non-US Military D- Non-US Civilian E- Enemy Prisoner Line 9. OIC's evaluation/OIC's forum to amplify items mentioned above and include other items not already covered.

MEDEVAC PROCEDURES

Team Leader will complete this worksheet and brief the team prior to sending personnel downrange.*

___ 1. Nearest Medical Facility:

Location: Directions:

Ph#/FREQ

___ 2. Unit Supporting Medevac: Ph# Freq/Call Sign / What capabilities do they have? (Helo / Ambulance)

___ 3. Team assignments:

Downrange First Aid/Evacuation: Comms Logs call for Medevac: Vehicle Driver/Smoke:

___ 4. If possible, treat injured personnel on site. Seriously injured

persons should not be moved unless absolutely necessary. ___ 5. Refer to First Aid Guide for more information.

1 2

EOD FIELD GUIDE Subj: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES AND

INFORMATION Ref: (a) EODB 60A Series

(b) Applicable FM/TM (c) EODGRUONEINST 8027.5

1. Purpose. To provide guidance on a wide range of ordnance responses. This Guide defines a basic plan of action, equipment and publication load lists, safety and personnel briefs, etc. for the initial response as well as subsequent guidelines for final disposition. This Guide is NOT all inclusive. It was developed to give the Operator in the field a ready and useable reference containing the minimum essential information needed to get the job done safely. SUBJECT Pg# Det pers med info Medavac 9line Medevac Procedure Comms Plan EOD Safety Precautions Questionnaire PHASE I Predeparture (Chem/Conv/IED) PHASE II Arrival/Recon/IED Continuation (Conv/IED) PHASE III RSP (Conv/IED) PHASE IV Disposal (Conv/IED) CHEM PAHSE II Arrival/CP Checkout (Chem) CHEM PHASE III IET/Recon (Chem) CHEM PHASE IV RSP (Recon) CHEM PHASE V Final Disposition (Chem) Points of Contact Vehicle Loadouts General First Aid Blast/Frag Info PAN/HJ/MWB load-standoff info IND Incident Procedures IM-269 Quick Steps ACPG Dress Procedures EPDS processing Down wind Hazard information Chemical Munitions Markings EPDS Setup/Closeout Procedures M18A3 kit Procedures DA Brief Convoy Brief/Emergency procedures Recon worksheet RSP worksheet Disposal worksheet Grid worksheet xx

COMMS PLAN Radio Operator Primary POC Call Sign: Destination POC Call Sign: Primary Comms Radio: Freq/Channel: Secure / Nonsecure - Crypto: Secondary Comms Radio: Freq/Channel: Secure / Nonsecure - Crypto: Aircraft Comms: Radio: Freq/Channel: Secure / Nonsecure - Crypto:

3 4

SITREP MESSAGE BLANK C O N F I D E N T I A L (WHEN FILLED IN) PTTUZYUW RULJABX0001 0011200-UUUU--RHMCSUU. (RUDJABE ZNR UUUUU (CCCCC FOR CLASSIFIED) REPLACES RULJABX O ______Z ___ 9_ (222130Z OCT 93) FOR CLASSIFIED) FM EODMU THREE DET NINE TO EODMU THREE INFO COMEODGRU ONE BT C O N F I D E N T I A L//N03100// OPER// EXER// MSGID/UNIT SITREP/EODMU 3 DET 9/____// (001A) REF// RMKS/1. GENTEXT/INCIDENT IDENTIFICATION AND DETAILS/ (OP/EXERCISE SUPPORTING/TIME PERIOD THAT SITREP COVERS) A. STATUS: (SYSTEM OPERATIONS, STANDBY) B. WEATHER: (IF RELEVENT TO OPS) 2. OPERATIONS: (OBJECTIVES/OPS ACCOMPLISHED, IE NUMBER TARGETS FOUND) 3. TRAINING ACCOMPLISHED: 4. FUTURE INTENTIONS: 5. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED: (INCLUDE EQUIP/PERS CASUALTIES SYSTEM DEGRADATIONS, LOGISTIC/OP PROBLEMS, ASSISTANCE REQD) 6. BRIEF CONDUCTED: NUMBER/HOURS/TOPIC/RANK/NAME/ORGANIZATION/POSITION 7. REMARKS:// DECL/OADR// BT NOTE: CONTINUE REPORTING CONCERNS/DEGRADATION UNTIL RESOLVED. C O N F I D E N T I A L (WHEN FILLED IN)

IED/UXO 9-LINE Line 1: DTG item(s) discovered Line 2: Reporting unit and grid location of items(s) Line 3: Contact method 9 (including unit freq, call sign, patrol leader’s name) Line 4: Type of ordnance (Type/Description, Qty, Disposition) Line 5: NBC Contamination in the area Line 6: Resources threatened (Routes, housing, personnel, ect.) Line 7: Impact on mission (restricts movement, visibility, ect.) Line 8: Protective measures taken/ how marked (e-tape, chemlite, ect.) Line 9: Recommended priority for EOD response by EOD personnel: Immediate- When UXO/IED stops the unit maneuver and mission capability or threatens critical assets vital to the mission Indirect- When the UXO/IED slows the maneuver or mission capability or threatens critical assets important to the mission. Minor- When the UXO/IED reduces the units maneuver and mission capability or threatens non-critical assets of value No threat- When the UXO/IED has little or no effect on the units mission or assets.

IED VEHICLE

IED VEHICLE

LOAD

5 6

LOAD Surface/IED Response Truck Load-Out Qty Notes Pubs AEODPS 1 set Computer, LAPTOP w/Power 2 ERP (surface/demo) 1 Log Book Maps 1 Road Maps as req Topographical as req ID Guides as req Comms AN/PRC-150 W/Ant. & Handset 1 Mounted in HMMV PSC-5 1 Mounted in HMMV GPS (individual 1per man) MBTRS (individual 1per man) ECM (as applicable) Consumables Consumables box Inv. Req. 1 HAZMAT Fuel as req Equipment First Aid kit 1 Bolt Cutters 1 CMC's, Nested W/Rags 1 set Ladder, Folding 1 Drill, Rechargeable 1 Flashlight 2 (personnel issue) Binoculars 1 Generator or AC Converter in Vehicle as applicable Extension Cords 2 Portable Lighting 1 (as needed) Surface Rigging Kit Inv. Req. 1 (as needed) Line, Paracord 1 roll Heavy Pull Line Hundreds of Feet Tripod, Heavy 1 (as needed) Sandbags (Empty) 50 Sandbags (Full) 4 Stakes 6 (as needed) Securing Straps 4 (as needed) Sledge Hammer 1 Shovel 1

Load-Out Cont. Qty Notes Equipment

Robot 1 (as req) MIMID 2 Pan w/ Stand 1 Pan Support Box Inv. Req. 1 Hook and Line Kit 1 IED Backpack Inv. Req. 1 X-ray Backpack Inv. Req. 1 Bomb Suit 1 Fiber Scope 1

Tool kit, MK1 Mod 3 1 (as needed) Demo Cap, Blasting, Electric, M6 (M130) 10 In 663 Cap, Blasting, Non-electric, M7 (M131) 10 In Cap Box in 663 Cord, Detonating (M456) 100 ft Shock tube (DWEI) 1000ft roll

Demo Charge, M112/M183 satchel (M757) (as much that is needed) Demo Charge, M-118 (M024) (as much that is needed) Pre-built Demo Charges w/ handles (2 block, 3 block, 4 block) 2 each Pre-built Time Trains w/ igniters ( 1 min, 2 min, 5 min ) 3 each MLVD 1(as required for VBIED) MWB (sml,med,lg) 2ea Hydra-jet (sml,med,lg) 2ea Vulcan 2ea Demo kit Inv. Req. 1 Firing Wire, Disposable 4 Fuse, Time Delay (M670) 100 ft Igniters, M60 (M766) 10 MK 663, Container, Blasting Cap 2 MK-186 Case Inv. Req. 1

TACTICAL DRESS

OUT

IED BACK PACK

LOAD

7 8

LOAD EOD Backpack Load-Out *CHECK BATTERIES ON ALL ELECTRONICS*

Qty Notes X-ray, XR-150 w/ battery 1 X-ray film w/ cartridge & developer as needed or applicable Roto-zip w/ battery and bits 1 Digital camera w/ memory 1 (Ensure proper cables) Garret or MIMID 1 Multi-meter w/ Leads 1 Current Probe 1 Mini-Mira 1 IM-269 1 HRM 1 Bicron 1(Ensure proper cables & software) Batteries (9 volt, Lithium, AA) Vice Grips, needle nose 1 Hook Knife 1 Pull Line 150’ 1 Crimpers 1 Razor Blade/Knife 1 Mine Probe 1 Mk-5 Epoxy Kit 1 (gun, epoxy, mixing sticks) Fast Response Wire Cutter 3 (built up) Pan and Supplies(rounds, nonel) as applicable Electrical Tape 1 roll Pins, Safety 5 Zip Ties 12 Chem Lights (2-blue, 2-red, 2-green) Surgeons Gloves 2 pair Vulcan 2 (1-light load, 1-Hot load) MWB 2 small 1 and 2 minute time trains 6 (with igniters) Blasting Caps,Non-Electric 10 Demo and Demo Support as applicable

X-Ray Backpack Load-Out X-ray, XR-150 w/ battery 1 (as needed) XR-150 Battery extra 1 Large X-ray cartridge 4 Developer 1 Film (positives and negatives) 2 boxes Cartridge Stand, Multiple 1

Personal Tactical Dress-out

Qty Notes Body Armor 1 as applicable Helmet 1 as applicable Gloves 1 Safety Glasses (dark, clear, goggles) 1 Weapons (rifle and pistol) 1 each with attachments Magazines, Weapon (rifle, pistol) 5 rifle, 2 pistol Night Vision mandatory fresh batteries MBITR Radio w/ Headset 1 Blow-out Kit 1

E & E Map 1 Blood Chit/ID Card/Dollars/ID Holder as req GPS (programmed) 1 1 set extra batteries Compass 1 Flashlight (w/ red lens) 1 1 set extra batteries Strobe, I/R 1

Glint Tape various Multi-Tool 1 Knife (fixed or folding blade) 1 Chem Lights (2-blue, 2-red, 2-green) Zip-Ties, Large 6 Carabineers 1 Chem/Bio Blow-out Kit as required (M-45 gas mask w/ canister, Atropine-3, 2PAM-3 each, Diazepam-1, P-Tabs-1 packet M291 Decon Kit-6 packets, M295 kit-1)

2 Man Team Chem/bio Bag ACPG 2 C2 Canister 2 Scalp Suit 2 Gloves 3 pair Over Boots 2 pair Scalp Suit Booties 1 Pair CPU Socks & GORTEX Socks 2 each C-cover 3 M291 kit 4 M295 kit 3 M100 kit w/ pouch 1 HTH (6oz bottle) 1 Large Hook Knife/EMT scissors 1 M-18/A3 kit 1 (ensure M8 papper) M256 kit 2 HHA kit 1 Leak Seal Kit 1 Chem Lights (Red, Green) 5 each

9 10

SAFETY

LOAD

CHEM/BIO VEHICLE

Chem/Bio CP Vehicle Load-Out

Qty Notes Pubs, Comms, Consumables, Hazmat, Equipment *Same as Surface/IED Response Truck Load-Out with the following additions…

Equipment Load-out Waterproof Bag with straps 1 Decon Shuffle pits 2 HTH 6oz Bottle (bio) 1 M295 kit 1 SDS Pad 1 SDS (5lb bag) 2 Poly Trash Bags 3 Decon Media Pouch 3 Battery Powered Shears 1 w/battery and charger Chem Lites(green, red, blue) 10 Hot and Cold Lines 1 each Wash Mits 2 EMT scissors 2 Large Hook Knife 1 Jerry Can w/ Water (5 Gal) 2 Scrub Brush 1 Personal Gear all 2-ManTeam Gear all Atropine injector 3 per person Pralidoxime Chloride injector 3 per person Diazepam injector 1 per person Pyrodostigmine tablets 1 pack per person M-18/A3 kit 1 M-256 kit 2 ICAMS 1 HHA kit 2 Thermometer (VTG)/or Green Smoke 1 tape to antenna C-Covers 2

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTI ONS

1. Magnetic: Demagnetize your body and tool bag; Don't disturb ordnance; don't move any ferrous objects neat the ordnance; don't turn power lines on or off; keep compasses,

radios etc. away; maintain maximum distance from magnetic sensors; move metallic material slowly (bolts, screws, etc.) to lower eddy currents.

2. Acoustic/Seismic: Keep vehicles away; don't wear loose, rattling, noise producing equipment; move with slow deliberate moves; permit no metal to metal contact with ordnance (tape all tools); use rubber cushioning between tools and charges; refrain from coughing, clearing throat; use full acoustic precautions within 30 feet by one second of noise and three seconds of silence; when needed, touch ordnance, but don't rub or slide hands on it.

3. Infrared: Don't pass any people, vehicles or heat producing objects in front of sensors.

4. Movement: If item must be moved, do it remotely; remove components remotely unless specifically authorized in pub. Clear debris from obstructed UXO only enough to permit required actions; if clearance will disturb the ordnance, perform clearance remotely. If it can move, secure ordnance before working on it; consider ordnance tampered with as unknown; don't remove bursters unless specifically directed to by pub; always BIP or burn in place if possible; don't rely on color coding; perform initial movement remotely for landmines.

5. High Explosive: Avoid heat, shock and friction in vicinity of ordnance. 6. Fragmentation: Utilize all available frontal and overhead protection.

Wear personal protective clothing. 7. Jet: Avoid forward nose and in front of the ordnance; the jet from

HEAT rounds travel considerable distances. 8. Lucky: Assume all HEAT rounds have lucky (piezoelectric crystals);

don't touch or move except by remote means. 9. Chemical: Evacuate initial exclusion area of 450M radius and 2000M

downwind; approach from upwind; wear mask and appropriate personal protective clothing.

10. White Phosphorous (WP): Wear full length clothing; don't approach smoking rounds unless necessary; submerge smoking rounds in water, wet sand, mud; wear gloves, face shield and mask.

11. Proximity (VT): Observe wait times (WT) to allow batteries 12. and capacitors to discharge; eliminate any radio frequency (RF)

sources; observe EMR precautions; avoid the forward quarter and in front of ordnance.

SAFETY SAFETY

11 12

13. Wait Time (WT): Observe the recommended WT from the specific

pub; for unknown electric fuzes WT 1 hour; for powder train time fuzes (PTTF) WT 30 minutes; for unknown missiles WT 3 hours; for unknown rockets 1 hour WT; For grenades 30 minute WT; for smoke grenades 13 minute WT; 60 second WT for initial movement of landmines.

14. Cocked Striker: Don't move or jar ordnance, it has a hung cocked firing pin and may detonate if moved. Don't move armed Mechanical Time (MT) fuzes or PTTF. Move grenades remotely, they also have a 650 feet frag radius.

15. EMR: Secure all sources of Radio Frequency (RF) producing material within specified distances of the ordnance. Don't open the skin of HERO safe ordnance in the vicinity of RF producing material, it may detonate the ordnance. Don't use fluorescent lighting for EOD work, it produces RF energy.

16. Static: Ground yourself before touching ordnance; don't perform EOD work with electrical storms in the vicinity. For very sensitive ordnance (such as black powder or lead azide), use appropriate grounding stakes and non static producing clothes.

17. Approach From the Rear 45o, Work From the side (AFR 45, WFS): Approach ordnance 45o from the rear for missiles, rockets, and rocket assisted projectiles (RAP); work from the side; Never visually check venturies directly, use a wooden dowel or inspection mirror.

18. Eject: Stay clear of front and rear of ejection rounds; stay clear of retained snakeye fins and all parachute packs or ejection ports.

19. Boobytrap: Use binoculars for long range recon; probe below ground, above ground use uncovered arms from ground up to feel for trip wires. Suspect booby traps at all times, be aware of entrapment situations.

20. Aircraft: Ensure aircraft are chocked, blocked and off; avoid hot wheel explosion area and radar areas.

21. Bombs: Positively ID for chemical, incendiary, etc.; don't turn arming vanes, insert safety pins or pop out pins, pull or cut arming lanyards or attempt fuze removal except as specifically called for in the RSP pub; if unknown, assume

22. most dangerous fuze combination; don't pack explosives in a well containing a detonator; don't remove tail pistols that have been installed in excess of 14 days.

23. Landmines: For initial movement, take cover and perform remotely, not coming out until 60 second WT has elapsed.

24. Clear debris from obstructed ordnance only enough to permit necessary actions. If such clearance will disturb the ordnance by moving it or by creating hazardous signals perform clearance remotely.

25. If any unusual markings, modifications or signs of

tampering are noticed, consider the ordnance to be unknown.

26. Avoid vapors, smoke or fumes. 27. Assume that anti-withdrawal devices are present under all components

that must be removed unless it is known otherwise. 28. Do not rely solely on color coding for positive ID of munitions

contents.

CHEMICAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 1) Work within the time limits of MOPP levels for existing weather conditions

ACPG: 120 days out of package/45 days total wear/washed 6 times/24hrs in a chem. Environment

SCALP SUIT: Gross contamination 1hr C2 canister: 30 min. in CK environment/30 days in chem.

Environment/60 days out of seal/.3 microns 2) Avoid vegetation. 3) Bend at the waist do not squat or sit in a contaminated area. 4) Decontaminate self/hands whenever suspect contamination is encountered. 5) Keep an eye on your buddy at all times.

Don’t work alone! 6) Avoid working downwind as much as possible. 7) Avoid spreading contamination. 8) Always use the wind to your advantage. 9) Identify cutout Hot Zone options.

SAFETY SAFETY

13 14

IED SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

1) Use gloves on all evidence/explosives. 2) Do not cut or disconnect wires unless the circuitry is positively known. 3) Check any scene for secondary devices as soon as possible. 4) Remove detonator from explosives point in opposite direction, place in

container to restrict or vent blast and frag. 5) Determine required firing action before moving device, move remotely.

6) Do not unscrew threaded fittings except remotely. 7) After removal of the blasting cap from the IED, cut the leg wires and shunt

as close as possible to the blasting cap. 8) Do not turn lights on or off if photocell functioning is considered possible. 9) * Be on the alert for all types of entrapment situations and be suspicious of

every unusual object. 10) Trace all firing leads to make certain that other less obvious devices are not

connected to the circuit. Beware of secondary devices. 11) If there is any doubt regarding complete understanding of a circuit, attempt

to remove the detonator from the main charge.(BY REMOTE MEANS IF POSSIBLE)

12) Avoid functioning a device by inadvertently applying a required action, such as applying pressure, releasing or pulling wires or strings before their functions are understood, or moving a device and thus actuating a secondary device or boobytrap. A firing device may be initiated or restarted by movement of the improvised device.

13) Do not attempt to reset any type of timing mechanism. 14) Do not operate radio transmitters in the vicinity of electrically initiated

devices. If possible, personnel, tools, and other sources of static electricity should be grounded. When necessary, or if a device must be transported through an electromagnetic radiation area, EMR precautions should be taken.

15) Handle acids and other chemicals with care. Some chemical mixtures tend

to crust over and, if the crust is disturbed, a detonation or flash fire may occur.

16) Use caution in furnishing information concerning EOD

procedures or personnel. Such knowledge could provide a designer with the means to develop countermeasures.

17) DO NOT ATTEMPT HAND ENTRY EXCEPT AS A LAST

RESORT!. Hand entry is considered the most hazardous. In situation requiring hand entry, first X- ray the device. When attempting hand entry, be especially cautious for anti-probe firing devices.

18) Take precautions against booby traps. Booby Traps can be incorporated

into any device. 19) Avoid bunching up personnel at scene. 20) TIME ON TARGET: The longer it takes to clear an item the greater the

chances of indirect fire and small arms fire impacting in and around the EOD team.

Remember: Cat A- Grave and immediate threat to human life or valuable property.

(Hands on procedures are authorized) Cat B-Time critical, no threat to human life or valuable property, (Use

remote means on all procedures) Cat C- Not time critical no threat to human life or valuable property,

(Use remote means on all procedures) Cat D- No EOD threat

SAFETY SAFETY

15 16

CONVOY BRIEF GENERAL

º Be prepared for IED attack followed by ambush. º Be and appear vigilant; personnel who look ready to fight back make bad targets. º Maintain maximum safe speeds. º Maintain vehicle dispersion. º Be extra cautious at choke points: Iraqi vehicle breakdowns, bridges, one-way roads, traffic jams, and sharp turns. º If something causes the convoy to stop, watch the flanks for IEDs; dismount with weapons at the ready. º Vests and helmets save lives, wear them! º Ballistic eye protection saves eyesight. º Rehearse actions on contact for an IED. º Get out of the “kill zone” fast. º Do not approach the IED; IEDs are often command-detonated. º Brief all convoy personnel on latest IED threat; what types of IEDs are being used and where have they previously been emplaced on your route? The following are possible indicators of an ambush: • Absence of women and children when normally present • Dramatic changes in population from one block to the next • Intelligence reports that a “blue X” on rocks indicates an IED site • Signals with flares/city lights (turned off/on) as convoy approaches • Vehicle following convoy for long distances and then pulling off the side of the road prior to an ambush • Broken down vehicles along the roadways • Dead animals along the roadways • Freshly dug hole/disturbed ground along the roadway indicates possible future IED site (report it) • Obstacles in roadway used to channel the convoy. • Personnel on overpasses • Personnel inside traffic circles

CONVOY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

1. If the convoy is engaged by the enemy, Blow through, do not

stop.

2. Radio operator establishes radio comms with OPCON send SITREP. Request

support assets as required.

3. If lead vehicle becomes disabled, the second vehicle will push the disabled

vehicle out of the danger zone. This procedure will be followed for any

disabled vehicle in the convoy.

4. If your vehicle becomes disabled place transmit ion to NEUTRAL, maintain

steerage and allow rear vehicle to push you out of the danger zone.

5. If you are the last vehicle in the convoy use tow strap and have next forward

vehicle in convoy pull you through the danger zone.

6. If a vehicle is too demolished to be pushed out of the danger zone, the vehicle

will be disembarked and vehicle crew will get in the vehicle directly in front of

the disabled vehicle. If it is the lead vehicle that is disabled, the crew will

embark the vehicle directly behind them. Once embarked a head count will be

preformed.

7. Should a vehicle be abandoned, ensure emergency message is sent, secure all

CRYPTO, COMSEC, and sensitive material. All material that can’t be carried

will be destroyed by destruction charge or small arms fire. Pop smoke. Be

prepared to execute E&E plan if situation dictates.

17 18

QUEST QUEST

QUESTIONNAIRE

*Grey Highlights Denote Chemical Incident Questions ** Boxes Denote IED Incident Questions

1) Date / Time / 2) Caller Name: Unit: Ph#: Freq/Call sign: / 3) POC on Scene: Unit: Ph#: Freq/Call sign: / 4) Incident location: 5) LAT/LONG / 6) Maps of the area? 7) Where is your security located? Are their any other forces operating in the

area? (Determine if the security is adequate and located in a safe location in relation to the item)

8) What makes you think this is a bomb? 9) Were there previous IED incidents at this location? 10) Was bomb threat received? (yes / no) 11) What is the Target? 12) Expected time of detonation: 13) Exact wording of bomb threat:

14) Have any items been found? (yes / no) If yes; have any items like this been

found before? 15) How long has item been there? 16) What was the sequence of events leading up to the finding of the item?

(This may give info about how the item was emplaced, capture/kill of trigger man, bad guys in the area)

17) How is item positioned? (ground/desk/table/suspended) 18) Is a search being conducted?

Have cordon force or people familiar with area search area for secondary devices, with out sacrificing security or safety.

Don’t use radios (if possible) Do not touch or disturb suspect items!!! Do not change condition of surroundings Leave lights as found, on or off Leave doors, windows, drawers, etc.. Open

19) What type of weapon/item is involved (If Known):

Type: Construction Material: Fusing:

Nose: Tail:

How many sections? Color: Markings: Length/Width/Height: / / Diameter: Shape: Fins? (yes / no) Description: Protruding wires? (yes / no) Photos? (yes / no)

19 20

QUEST QUEST

Were any liquids or vapor clouds observed? (yes / no) 20) Color or odor of liquid? 21) How close have personnel been to Item? 22) What were they wearing? (Metal / Protective Clothing / In Vehicle) 23) Were there any unusual sounds? (yes / no) 24) Did anyone touch or move the item? (yes / no) 25) Do they feel OK? (yes / no) 26) Type of Casualties or Injuries 27) Agent involved (qty, container size, and type) 28) Any dead animals or foliage? (yes / no) 29) Extent of Contamination? 30) Are personnel securing area? (yes / no)

Is ECM being used?(yes / no) What kind?___________________ Do they have protection? (Bunkers / Flak & Helmet / MOPP Gear)

Unit: Ph#:

Freq/Call sign: /

If Chem is suspected: Evacuate 450M radius and 2000M downwind or as needed

Chem Frag Radius: NO HE: 50M <1LB HE 100M > 1LB HE 300M Clear 5000 ft AGL for air traffic

31) Evacuate personnel to meter perimeter.

32) Secure Air Space to meters.

33) Secure Seaward to meters. 34) Medevac for area? (yes / no) Ph#: Freq/Call sign: / 35) Firefighting assets available? (yes / no) Ph#: Freq/Call sign: / 36) Have any other Units/Agencies been notified? (yes / no) Who?

Ph#: Freq/Call sign: /

37) Type of Delivery known? (Air / Surface / Person / Vehicle / Mail) 38) Course / Speed / Altitude of delivery vehicle: 39) Are any hazards present?

Radio Transmitters(EMR) (yes / no) Can they be secured? (yes / no)

Power Lines(EMR) (yes / no) Can they be secured? (yes / no)

Fuel tanks or lines (yes / no) Can they be secured? (yes / no) Any additional hazards?

40) Can the area withstand high order detonation? (yes / no)

21 22

QUEST QUEST

41) Location & Availability of water: 42) Type of terrain: 43) Accessibility & condition of roads: 44) Temperature: 45) Wind speed / Direction: / 46) Fire? (yes / no) Detonation? (yes / no) 47) Can the following be provided at the scene:

Water / Decon Team / Medical / Heavy equipment / Decons / Transportation

48) What is the best route to site? 49) Can someone meet us? (yes / no)

Where? 50) Recommendations:

Shipboard: set initial exclusion area of two watertight boundaries

around space. Ensure EMCON A is set, Cond Z in area, Security alert, fire parties stationed, security set, notify other ships at pier, pier security, base CDO, fire, medical. If underway, Flying squad, MAA forces respond in addition to security alert and watertight integrity.

Have DC Central review blueprints for any additional hazards in the

vicinity. Building: open windows and doors while evacuating all unnecessary

personnel 300ft from incident (500 ft from Car Bomb) while seeking all available cover.

Request Fire & Medical standby in safe area.

51) Have witness who saw the item standing by at the Incident Site if possible. 52) Have witness make a map or drawing of the Incident Site, to include his

path in & out. 53) EOD estimated time of arrival:

54) OIC/LCPO/Team Leader makes initial Threat assessment Cat A,B,C,D

Cat A- Grave and immediate threat to human life or valuable property.

(Hands on procedures are authorized) Cat B-Time critical, no threat to human life or valuable property, (Use

remote means on all procedures) Cat C- Not time critical no threat to human life or valuable property,

(Use remote means on all procedures) Cat D- No EOD threat

55) Roadside IED’s exhaust all remote means possible before manned approach. (Robot) 55) Determine disposition of Item:

Conventional: Blow in place (need SDA), PUKA Chem: Location and availability of Tech escort

56) Chemical Response Capabilities:

Safe all explosive hazards Identify Agent Prevent Spread of Contamination

PHASE I PHASE I

PHASE I PHASE I

23 24

SECURITY COORDINATION FOR RESPONDING EOD 1. After 9-line is received from BTOC, make sure finding element has

enough vehicles and personnel to properly cordon road (MSR with 4 lanes needs at least 4 vehicles for a cordon). Do not count your security that will be guiding you out as cordon force, because they are for your protection only (at least two gun trucks must stay with you).

2. Once you are satisfied that there will be enough guns for your team

give a 15 minute ETA link-up at the gate.

3. Make liaison with your security and make sure that they know where they are headed. Do not role out the gate with a security element that does not know where they are going. They must know the route and an alternate route in case of ambush. They should have in there possession: A) Map of AO B) Grid to where link up will be accomplished C) Comms with the finding unit D) Comms with Battalion or Brigade for GRF E) Plan for egress on an alternate route should things go awry.

4. Inform your security of what you expect, enroute and when you arrive.

Advise them not to let personnel or vehicle within 100 meters of your location. Some things to tell your security: A) Be on the lookout for vehicles/personnel sneaking around the cordon and getting close. B) Do not pay attention to what we are doing with the robot the enemy is outward. C) Do not stop in an obvious place when we arrive, to move 50 meters off the road if possible. Standby to readjust positions.

5. Convoy to site, try to split up the trucks so the two odd looking trucks

with the funny antennas are not right in the middle of the gun trucks.

6. It is important that the security element has comms with the finding unit so you don’t roll past the IED, because the cordon was not set on both sides of the road. (This happens a lot)

7. Once on scene conduct CP search and find out where the item is.

Establish where you want the security trucks. Keep them safe also.

8. When ready to conduct procedure, inform the inner security and all other personnel to take cover.

9. When operation is complete secure all tools and inform your security you are ready to collapse on the way out. Do not collapse the cordon until EOD and its security clear the area!

PREDEPARTURE *Grey Highlights Denote Chemical Incident

___ 1. Upon receiving notification, complete Questionnaire. ___ 2. Initiate team recall.

___ 3. Arrange transportation: ( Helo / Vehicle / Boat ) ___ 4. Coordinate adequate convoy security.

___ 5. Complete Medevac Worksheet. ___ 6. Complete Comms Plan Worksheet. ___ 7. Personnel Assignments:

Team Leader

IET / P1

IET / P2 IET / Safety Comms/Logs EPDS Operator

___ 8. Load all equipment and publications using Enclosures. (If responding

from the field, check equipment & report any deficiencies to nearest support asset)

___ 9. Ensure notifications are made in accordance with Enclosure. ___ 10. Select a proposed CP complex using available maps and information

from Questionnaire

PHASE I PHASE II

PHASE I

25 26

___ 11. Plot the approach route to the CP complex including a 1-mile staging

area upwind from the incident site. ___ 12. Conduct research prior to departure if possible. ___ 13. Calculate Blast/Frag/Downwind Hazard and pass to OSC prior to

departure if possible. ___ 14. Check on any casualties for signs of symptoms. ___ 15. Determine additional assets from OSC:

ECM Security to set a perimeter (Snipers, Troops, Vehicles).

*Brief security element to eliminate any threat with a weapon and any device that can potentially initiate an IED… cell phone, key fob, pager, or electronic transmitter.

CAS, Bradleys, LAVs, Main Battle tanks for possible use as stand off weapon against VBIED or Roadside IED.

___ 16. Conduct team brief on scenario based on currently available

information.

ARRIVAL ON SCENE/RECON/IED

** Boxes Denote IED Incident ___ 1. Transit to the area. Upon Arrival: Conduct CP search and immediately ask where the item is then establish where you want your security. **Was this CP used before in prosecution of a previous incident? If “Yes” relocate immediately! ___ 2. Locate OSC… - Team Leader and P1 obtain an updated brief.

- Get location of security (cordon force) and determine if security is adequate and in a safe location. Team leader ensure they are located where needed prior to starting work.

- How long do we have to work? The security situation, convoys passing and other known events may limit time available to complete the task.

- Establish comms with forces on scene. LBS K24 (PSI=2.3) K50 K328

1 24 FT 50 328 5 41 85 558

10 52 108 706 15 59 123 807 20 65 135 886 30 75 155 1017

___ 3. Have the person who found the item come to the CP. ___ 4. Calculate Blast/Frag. Relay Blast/Frag info to OSC/Security personnel. NOTE: While working an EOD incident, equipment is put away once it is no longer needed, not at the end of the call. This ensures that at the end of a call the team can simply get in the vehicle and leave. Also, if the team must depart the area unexpectedly, little time will be wasted and gear will not be lost or left behind. ___ 5. Tool man build up necessary tools.(When possible have tools pre-built

and ready. ) *Note MK-186 Receiver number and associated tool.

___ 6. Brief Loss of Comms procedures. ___ 7. Once Cp is secure and all elements are in place, initiate recon of

suspect item/ordnance: When applicable conduct recon taking Mag and Acoustic precautions

until they can be eliminated. Dress out in appropriate PPE.

PHASE II PHASE II

27 28

RECON; TACTICLE IED, VBIED

Primary Method: Robot with appropriate tool (counter-charge, Explosive tool)

Alternate Method: Utilize remote means to recon/disrupt item.

Last Resort: EOD technician in bomb suit carrying appropriate tool.

NOTE: Ensure ECM is operating correctly.

While approaching suspect item with robot or manual, search for secondary or daisy chained item.

Place counter charge/explosive tool. If using robot, attempt to pull receiver and or caps away from

item. Down range conduct a search of the area with robot to look

for secondary items or receivers. Return robot/Tech in bomb suit to cover location/CP. Reevaluate Blast/Frag range. Notify TOC, through CP (rear), OSC, and security prior to controlled

detonation. If other devices had been found on initial recon, follow above steps to

render these items safe. Tactical situation permitting initiate search for secondary items,

evidence, kick outs, ECT.

RECON; SURFACE ORDNANCE (UXO), IED Long-range recon:

___ 1. Perform Comms check prior to departure.. ___ 2. Approach item utilizing available cover.

Approach from upwind unless Chemical Ordnance can be ruled out.

___ 3. Type of ordnance: ___ 4. Type of Fuze:

___ 5. Type of fins: ___ 6. How Many:

___ 7. Visible fumes or leakage? (yes / no) ___ 8. Review Safety Precautions:

**WAIT TIME**

CHEM HE FRAG EMR

STATIC JET EJECTION PIEZO ELE

COCKED STRIKER

BOOBYTRAP WP/FIRE MOVEMENT

ACOUSTIC/ SEISMIC

VT/TDD CLOCKWORK MAGNETIC

___ 9. Note approximate size of object/sketch attitude and position. ___ 10. Note & sketch surrounding area, obstacles, buildings and external

environment hazards (fuel tanks, etc.). ___ 11. Look for and sketch best possible approach route and assign sides on

sketch for close-in phase. ___ 12. CP reevaluates Blast/Frag. Relocate CP as necessary.

PHASE II PHASE II

29 30

___ 13. Return to CP or proceed to Close In Recon as directed.

Close In Recon: ***WARNING***

No Radio Transmissions within 30 feet of item ___ 14. Take pictures from various aspects.

Note type and number of items. P2 take pictures and return to CP.

___ 15. Inspect surroundings for additional hazards/other items. ___ 16. Secure item; gag fuzes, impellers and arming vanes if required. ___ 17. Complete Close In Recon. ___ 18. Place Tool. (Explosive Tool / X-Ray / Both)

Consider dispersion of components when placing Tool. Note orientation of X-Ray cassette.

___ 19. Place Sandbags behind Explosive Tools to prevent collateral damage. ___ 20. Take pictures of tool placement. ___ 21. Back out for X-Ray/Return to CP.

Take available cover while shooting X-Ray. Relocate X-Ray when retrieving cassette.

___ 22. Analyze X-Rays to determine if shot will be necessary/effective.

*Refer to Circuit analysis/Commit times

___ 23. Brief OSC. ___ 24. Fire Tool. ___ 25. P1 downrange to verify shot. “TOOL IN/TOOL OUT” ___ 26. P2 retrieve 1st Tool and return to CP. ___ 27. Was item disrupted? (yes / no)

___ 28. Brief OSC. ___ 29. If item was disrupted, proceed. If not, repeat previous steps. ___ 30. Locate the following components: Main Charge Initiator Power Source Switch/Firing Mechanism ___ 31. Short initiator leads and place in Cap Holder. ___ 32. Prosecute any suspect components.

___ 33. Search area thoroughly. P2 may assist.

___ 34. Collect components and determine disposition.

31 32

PHASE III PHASE III

DEVELOP/EXECUTE RSP POA

___ 1. Based on the information gathered by the IET, the Team Leader will select the proper RSP and/or Disposal Procedures NOTE: CATEGORY DETERMINES PROCEEDURE; ALWAYS USE MOST REMOTE METHOD OF RSP!

___ 2. Recalculate Blast/Frag radius if necessary. Reposition CP as required. ___ 3. Conduct team brief ___ 4. Review and Brief Medevac Procedures ___ 5. Assign members to gather and prepare all necessary tools and

equipment. ___ 6. Generate RSP Checklist. ___ 7. The work party conduct the RSP procedures as directed,

keeping the CP informed of each step as it is performed. ___ 8. RSP Verification

Brief the RSP team on specific item to check in order to verify that the RSP was successful.

RSP team verifies effectiveness of procedures and repeats as required. Except on extremely sensitive fuzes, isolate fuzes or components in

CMC and place in a safe location. Update OSC.

RSP WORKSHEET

TOOL/DEMO LOADOUT

___ 1. *

___ 2. *

___ 3. *

___ 4. *

___ 5. *

___ 6. * ___ 7. *

POA ___ Step ( ) *

___ Step ( ) *

___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) *

___ Step ( ) *

___ Step ( ) *

___ Step ( ) *

___ Step ( ) *

___ Step ( ) *

___ Step ( ) *

33 34

PHASE IV PHASE IV

DEVELOP/EXECUTE DISPOSAL POA

___ 1. Disposal Phase Objectives:

Properly store or dispose of hazardous components. Debrief the On Scene Commander and the response team. Return all equipment to a ready status.

___ 2. Complete Disposal Worksheet. ___ 3. Take pictures and record number/type/NEW of item(s)

___ 4. Pre-Entry Brief. Brief the Disposal team as to the location and

nature of all hazardous components and clearly state the specific objectives of the entry.

___ 5. Review and Brief Medevac Procedures.

___ 6. Disposal team maintains positive two-way communications with the

CP at all times. Advise the CP of all intended actions prior to performing the actions. Report back as much information as possible.

___ 7. If the fuzing is safe to transport and store, segregate and store all fuze

components in CMC’s and transport to the dud locker for later disposal.

___ 8. If the fuzing is not safe to transport or store, blow in place or, fuze precautions permitting, carefully transport to a safe disposal area and detonate.

___ 9. Team Leader debriefs the on scene commander and provides him

with any information required for a Sitrep.

___ 10. Conduct team debrief and return all equipment to a condition of readiness.

DISPOSAL WORKSHEET

TOOL/DEMO LOADOUT: ___ 1. * ___ 2. * ___ 3. * ___ 4. * ___ 5. * ___ 6. *

___ 7. *

POA ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) * ___ Step ( ) *

PHASE II PHASE II

35 36

ARRIVAL ON SCENE/CP CHECKOUT (CHEM/BIO) ___ 1. Transit to the 1 mile mark or designated CP area and obtain an updated

brief from the On Scene Commander (OSC). Meet with Medical. ___ 2. Establish comms with OpArea CP. ___ 3. Dress out CP Check Out Team (review ACPG donning procedures) ___ 4. Conduct team brief ___ 5. Conduct Medevac Brief ___ 6. Conduct communications check ___ 7. Mask up. LOG TIME_____________ ___ 8. CP Check out team departs for proposed Contamination Reduction

Area Perform discretionary M-8 checks on all liquids encountered on the

way to proposed CRA. ___ 9. Arrive at proposed CRA VEHICLE /CONE #1(BECOMES CCL) CONE #2 CONE #3 CONE #4(BECOMES HOTLINE) ___ 10. CP Checkout team move in front of vehicle. Place first cone. Perform

Detector Ticket Test.

Request 5 minute wait time. (Start Stop ). (positive / negative)

___ 11. Contamination Control Line (CCL) is established at the #1 cone. (Imaginary line).

___ 12. Perform 2 more Detector Ticket Tests 50M downrange and 50M apart.

Request 2nd 5 minute wait time. (Start Stop ). (positive / negative)

___ 13. Drop a cone in center of this triangle.

Request 15 minute wait to collect vapors. (Start Stop ).

___ 14. Perform complete series of vapor tests using M18 chart. Request wait

times IAW chart.

If any tests are positive, back out of area, update Team Leader for selection of new CP/CRA.

If all tests negative, continue with step 15.

___ 15. Perform unmasking procedures IAW field guide.

If person has symptoms, back out of area to establish new CP/CRA.

___ 16. Inform CP of area status.

___ 17. WP unmasks. ___ 18. CP Check Out Team check vertical temperature gradient, wind speed

and direction.

PHASE III PHASE III

37 38

IET PROCEDURES

___ 1. Establish EPDS prior to IET departing. (IAW field guide) ___ 2. Conduct IET pre-departure brief. Have team sit in shade if possible.

General EOD Safety CHEMICAL safety. Agent Symptoms & treatment.

___ 3. Review and brief Medevac procedures. ___ 4. IET mask up, don Body Armor and SDS bag. LOG TIME._______ ___ 5. EPDS operator conducts final check on IET.

Long Range Recon: ___ 6. Perform Comms check prior to departure. ___ 7. Approach item utilizing available cover.

Approach from upwind checking all suspicious liquids encountered. ___ 8. Type of ordnance: ___ 9. Type of Fuze: ___ 10. Type of fins: ___ 11. How Many: ___ 12. Visible fumes or leakage? (yes / no)

___ 13. Review Safety Precautions:

**WAIT TIME**

CHEM HE FRAG EMR

STATIC JET EJECTION PIEZO ELE

COCKED STRIKER

BOOBYTRAP WP/FIRE MOVEMENT

ACOUSTIC/ SEISMIC

VT/TDD CLOCKWORK MAGNETIC

___ 14. Note approximate size of object/sketch attitude and position. ___ 15. Note & sketch surrounding area, obstacles, buildings and external

environment hazards (fuel tanks, etc.). ___ 16. Look for and sketch best possible approach route and assign sides on

sketch for close-in phase. ___ 17. Return to CP or proceed to Close In Recon as directed.

On Site ___ 18. Establish shuffle pit 10-20 meters upwind from incident

site. Fill Decon buckets. ___ 19. Check VTG, wind direction, and report to CP ___ 20. Set up clean and dirty drop cloths near site. ___ 21. Place equipment on clean drop cloth. Decon and water on dirty drop

cloth. ___ 22. Take pictures. ___ 23. Conduct M8 paper checks.

Red = Blister Yellow = G nerve Green = VX

PHASE III PHASE IV

39 40

___ 24. Conduct close-in recon. Pass the following information to CP:

Close In Recon: ***WARNING***

No Radio Transmissions within 30 feet of item

___ 25. Take pictures from various aspects. ___ 26. Inspect surroundings for additional hazards/other items. ___ 27. Secure item, gag fuzes, impellers, arming vanes if required.

**Complete Close In Recon Worksheet before proceeding to next step**.

___ 28. Separate leakers from non-leakers (if possible). ___ 29. Prevent spread of contamination (plug leak if possible).

NOTE: If multiple items, ensure downwind hazard is computed for

total amount of filler ___ 30. CP re-compute exclusion area and downwind hazard area. ___ 31. If positively identified, CP research ordnance, fuzing and filler. ___ 32. Request airtight shipping container. Get good measurements.

If NO positive indications have been found, consider delaying gross decon until after working party has done vapor checks*

___ 33. IET perform gross decon if able to handle munition and contain run-

off. ___ 34. Cover with tarp to reduce down wind hazard and collect vapors. ___ 35. Proceed to EPDS using same route as entering ___ 36. Process through EPDS as necessary. ___ 37. IET debrief the CP and WP.

DEVELOP/EXECUTE WP/RSP POA

Safe explosive hazard Identify agent Prevent spread of contamination

___ 1. IET brief Team Leader.

___ 2. Develop RSP

___ 3. Write out RSP to include:

_____(1) Ordnance/Fuze RSP _____(2) Method of leak sealing _____(3) Decon procedures _____(4) Packing method _____(5) Immediate disposal method

___ 4. Team Leader brief OSC.

___ 5. Assemble equipment for working party.

___ 6. Brief working party and EPDS operator on the agent and applicable safety precautions.

___ 7. Review and Brief Medevac procedures.

___ 8. Dress out working party. Mask up. LOG TIME.

___ 9. Conduct comms checks.

___ 10. EPDS operator perform final checks on working party.

___ 11. WP departs for site.

PHASE IV

41 42

EPDS

WP on Site

___ 12. Place equipment on drop cloth to conduct RSP. Limit number of trips to and from site.

___ 13. Safety Observer and P2 go to safe area while P1 performs RSP/safes

explosive hazards. After RSP Safety Observer and P2 return to site.

___ 14. Conduct M18 check to ID agent

___ 15. Take actions to prevent spread of contamination.

___ 16. Determine disposition of explosives if necessary and proceed to disposal POA and disposal worksheet.

___ 17. Turn scene over to Tech Escort

Provide to Tech Escort the following Information: ____A. type of agent ______________________________ ____B. Qty of agent _______________________________ ____C. Precursors found ___________________________ ____D. Other hazards in area ________________________

_____E. Decons used in area_________________________ Process the WP and weapon through the hotline

4 STEP DECON 60A-1-1-11

1. Gross Decon 2. Wait contact time, keep wet with decon using scrub brush. 3. Rinse. 4. Place munitions in first bag and seal. Place munitions in second bag

and seal.

ACPG DONNING PROCEDURES

1. The ACPG suit will protect against all known CB agents. It is the replacement of the CPO suit and are worn with the Glove Set, Chemical Protective (GSCP) and Green/Black Vinyl Over-boots (GVO/BVO). The suit provides protection in a chemical environment for 24 hours and has an extendable shelf life of 5 years. In an uncontaminated environment it is good for 120 days if not worn, 45 days if worn once removed from bag or can be laundered up to 6 times with all Velcro fasteners secured before laundering whichever comes first. a. Remove all jewelry. b. Put on T-shirt, shorts, body armor (as needed). c. Put on ACPG trousers close zipper. d. Fasten and adjust length of suspenders. e. Don ACPG jacket, pull zipper up to chest. f. Pull loop through legs and place on webbing strip. g. Put on boots and boot covers. h. Lower trousers over boot and secure with Velcro to snug fit. i. Close Zipper completely and Velcro jacket.

J Receive team brief. k. Don the M45. l. Log Mask Up time. m. Pull hood over M45 and secure under chin. n. Pull sleeves up and don gloves.. o. Place sleeves over gloves and secure Velcro tightly.

p. EPDS operator checks out each man before going down range. EPDS PROCEDURES 2PC CUT OUT

Approaching the Decontamination Line

• Drop all gear in designated bags (i.e. throw away bag & kept equipment bag).

• Use M291 & M295 Pads on head and shoulder area as well as any gross contaminated areas (use buddy system).

• If using a blower, Decon hands retrieve new C2 canister, with buddy assist remove blower from M45 and replace with single C2 canister

• Drop blower assembly in designated bag/drop cloth • Do not cross Red Line until instructed to. • Line Boss will instruct the contaminated personnel to step into station one. • Contaminated personnel, working in pairs, will start at station 1 deconing each

other from top to bottom and using the shuffle pit for deconing feet. • Wait until directed to move to the outer cloths drop, station 2.

Note: If possible allow 10 meters for Hot Zone movement. Note: Cutters will decon hands and cutting utensils after every cutting

procedure before moving to the next step.

EPDS EPDS

43 44

EPDS PROCEDURES 2PC CUT OUT CONT.

Station 1

• Approach Hotline • Remove and drop equipment on equipment drop cloth • Using buddy system decon MASK/HANDS/TORSO with SDS or M295 kit. • Decon feet in shuffle pit. • Cross HOT-LINE

Station 2 (OUTER CLOTHS)

• Cut/Loosen all straps and hook and pile connectors; place in container. • Cut out of the top garment, starting from the top of the hood and continuing

down the back. • Place top garment in container after folding it onto itself. • Cut waist strap on trousers. • Cut down both sides of the trousers. • Cut the suspenders above the “X” on the back. • Place trousers in container after folding it into itself. • Remove outer gloves; place gloves in container. • Cut Fish Tail Laces (if worn) • Hold fish tail and have contaminated person step out; place into container. • Move to station 3.

Station 3 (INNER CLOTHS)

• .Cut down back of inner clothing top. • Place top in container after folding it onto itself. • Cut belt on inner clothing trousers. • Cut down both sides of inner clothing trousers. Place trousers in container after folding it onto itself. Cut boot laces of inner boot. Hold boots and have contaminated person step out; place boots in

container. Remove inner gloves and place in container. Cut down back of outer socks; remove socks; place in container. Cut down back of inner socks; remove socks; place in container. Move to station 4.

Station 4 (MASK DROP) • Decon hands and around the mask. • Hold breath/close eyes/remove mask. • Move to station 5.

Station 5 (MEDICAL) Medical evaluation. Staged replacement gear/clothing.

EPDS SET

UP

EPDS CLOSE OUT When the last two personnel come through the EPDS follow exact procedures for

EPDS personnel processing having the two men perform the cut out procedures on each other with the exception of, the last station. The personnel will perform

unassisted mask drop.

STATION ONE

Clean side

Wind

STATION TWO

MASK DROP

Gear Drop Bags

SDS SHUFFLE PIT

OUTER CLOTHING

DROP (PPE)

Red Chemlites Green Chemlites

STATION THREE

STATION FOUR

50 METER MINIMUM

MEDICAL/ SHOWER

Note: 100% Physical Control For Every Man From Red Line to Green Line.

PERSONNEL PAT DOWN AREA

INNER CLOTHING

DROP (BOOTS/SOCK)

15 METERS

STATION FIVE

DirtySide

45 46

UNMASKING

UNMASKING PROCEDURES

FM 3-7 chap.3

WITHOUT DETECTION EQIUPMENT:

a. Deep breath and hold it and break mask seal for 15 seconds with eyes open

b. Clear and reseal mask. Observe for 10 minutes. c. If no symptoms appear, break mask seal take 2-3 more breaths,

clear and reseal. Observe for 10 minutes for symptoms. d. If no symptoms, unmask for 5 minutes and then remask. If no

symptoms appear in 10 minutes, it is safe to give the all clear. e. Continue to observe for delayed symptoms.

WITH DETECTOR KIT:

a. Test with detector kit. b. If test is negative unmask for 5 minutes. Remask and observe for

10 minutes for symptoms. c. If no symptoms appear, it is safe to give the all clear. d. Continue to observe for delayed symptoms.

CHEMICAL DOWNWIND HAZARD INFORMATION

Dosage Chart Agent Type Chemical

Agent Dosage

(mg-min/m3)

Nerve GA GB, GD

VX

30 2

25 Blister HD, HN

L 25 30

Blood AC CK

100 700

Choking CG, DP 150 Tear CN

CS 10 1

Vomiting DM 10 Incapacitating BZ 10

CONVERSION FACTORS kg=lbs x 0.454

1 mile=5280 ft

mpm=mph x 26.8 1 mile=1760 yds mpm=knots x 30.9 1 mile=1609.34 m m=yds x 0.914 km=miles x 1.61

VTG -3 Best

Thermometers @ 1ft and 12ft* *No lower than 6ft)

Lapse -2 -1

Neutral 0 +1

Inversion +2 +3 Worst

47 48

CHEMICAL MUNITIONS MARKINGS (FM 21-16 Appx.A)

Five-Element Marking System (Old)

BACK GRND

NO. OF BANDS

COLOR OF MARKINGS

CHEM. AGENT SYMBOL

DESCRIPTIVE WORD

TOXIC CHEMICAL AGENTS

(CASUALTY AGENTS)

GB, CG, CK

GAS

TOXIC CHEMICAL

AGENTS (CASUALTY AGENTS)

VX, HD, H, HT

GAS

IRRITANT AGENTS (RIOT CONTROL

AGENTS)

CN, CS,

CN1, CS1

GAS

INCENDIARIES

TH, NP, PTI, PTV

INCENDIARY

SMOKES

(SCREENING AND SIGNALLING)

HC, WP, PWP

SMOKE

Standard Color Coding System (709A) Toxic Chemical

Agents (Casualty Agents)

Nonpersistent Agents Persistent Agents

All Nerve Agents

Gray Background All markings in Green

Descriptive word:“Gas” Chem. Agent Symbol

Incapacitating Agents

Persistent Agents

Grey Background All markings in Red

Chem. Agent Symbol

Riot Control Agents

Grey Background All markings in Red

Descriptive word:“Riot” Chem. Agent Symbol

Incendiaries All markings in Black on Light Red Background Smokes All markings in Black on Light Green Background

except WP an PWP which are in Light Red Practice All markings in White on Blue Background

Explosive Component

High Explosive Low Explosive

An Additional marking band on some chemical ammunition.

REVISED COLOR CODING SYSTEM (709C)

Agent/Filler Marking/Background/Band Color

Toxic Chemical

Agents

ALL NERVE, BLISTER, BLOOD,

CHOKING AGENTS

TOXIC

BINARY

Incapacitating

Agents

BZ

Riot Control

Agents

ALL CS, CN,

D-SERIES

Incendiary

Agents

ALL MARKINGS IN BLACK

Screening and Signaling Smokes

OTHER THAN WP,

PWP

WP, PWP

Practice ALL

MARKINGS IN WHITE

Explosive

Components (Additional

Marking Bands)

49 50

CHEMICAL AGENTS HAZARDS, SYMPTOMS &TREATMENT

Nerve Agents (GA, GB, GD, GF, VX) Symptoms Vapor Small exposure

Eyes: Pinpointed pupils; dim, blurred vision; pain; may cause nausea, vomiting Nose: Runny Nose, worse than cold or hay fever Mouth: Excessive Salivation, may run out corners of the mouth Airways: Shortness of breath

Vapor Moderate exposure Severe breathing difficulty Gasping, irregular breathing

Vapor Large exposure Previously listed effects plus...

Loss of consciousness Seizures No Breathing Paralysis Death

Onset of effects: seconds to minutes After removal from vapor ;

Effects do not worsen May improve

No late-onset effects Liquid on Skin Same as vapor

With the exception of pinpointed pupils Can occur if liquid drop is near the eye

First symptoms are localized sweating and twitching of the exposed area. First symptom you will notice, will probably be GI tract (nausea and vomiting). Onset of effects

Small, medium drop, As long as 18 hours Large, lethal drop, Usually <30 minutes

Effects may occur despite initial decontamination Effects may worsen Treatment Self Aid (Mild Symptoms) 1 Atropine Auto Injector, 1 2-Pam Chloride Injector Observe for 10 minutes, if symptoms persist, 1 more Atropine & 1 more 2-Pam Chloride Buddy Aid (Severe Symptoms) 3 Atropine Auto Injectors 3 2-Pam Chloride Injectors 1 CANA (Diazepam) If more needed, 1 atropine every 5-10 minutes until secretions drying and ventilation improved. After 3 injections of 2-Pam CL, no more 2-Pam CL will be given for one hour. Side effect: no sweating, may become a heat casualty. Aging Times: GD 2 minutes, GB 3-4 hours, others longer. If victim is convulsing and 3 Atropine and 3 2PAM CL are administered, 1 CANA auto injector must be administered (also known as Diazepam or valium). If not the victim may have brain seizures, convulsions, and DIE.

Prophylaxis: Pyridostigmine Bromide in itself will not protect you from nerve agent poisoning. It strictly enhances the antidotes during GD poisoning. One Set = 21 tablets of 30 mg. Take one tablet every 8 hours. Blister Agents, Vesicants (HD, HN, HT, L, PD, ED, MD, CX) Symptoms red skin in 4-8 hrs eye irritation respiratory irritation severe burns 4-24 hrs Chemical Cell damage in 1-2 minutes. Clinical effects show in 2-48 hours, average 4-8 hours. Lewisite rate of action pain & irritation within 1 minute, tissue damage within 5 minutes. systemic poisoning for CX: Powerful irritant which produces IMMEDIATE pain When it comes in contact with the skin, the area turns blanched and surrounded by a red ring in 30 secs. The blanched area turns brown in 24 hrs. Scab forms in about a week. Treatment M291 Kit treatment for agent in eyes is same as for nerve agent Blood Agents Cyanides (AC, CK, SA) Symptoms for AC: AC (hydrogen cyanide) - AC interferes with the utilization of oxygen by the body. increased breathing rate, vertigo, nausea, convulsions, headache, coma, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, death for CK:

CK (Cyanogen Chloride) - Affects the body the same as AC, but has choking effect and a strong irritating effect.

CK breaks down mask filters in 30 minutes immediate intense irritation of nose, throat and eyes, decreased breathing rate, coughing tearing, tightness in chest, dizziness, unconsciousness Treatment Sodium Nitrite & Sodium Thiosulfate. Death occurs rapidly or recovery is prompt. 100% O2 if available. Decon not necessary for vapor, but wet clothing should be removed & the underlying skin washed with soap & water. Step 1 of 2: Pasadena (Formerly Lilly) Cyanide Antidote Kit, one of two 10 ml sodium Nitrite vials, IV. step 2 of 2: Sodium Thiosulfate, one of two large bottles in the Pasadena Kit, 50 ml IV. A second treatment with each of the two antidotes may be given at up to half the original dose if needed. Effective even after breathing has stopped; IE CPR/O2. Incapacitating Agents (BZ, Agent 15 (Iraq)) Symptoms: disorientation hallucinations incoherence confusion irrational fear

51 52

Treatment: decon skin with soap and water If he has a high temperature, cool as if he has heat stroke, keep him from harming himself Riot Control Choking Agents Pulmonary or Lung (CG, DF) Symptoms Eye irritation Coughing Sneezing Hoarseness dyspnea Choking Tightness of chest Nausea Pulmonary edema Death Treatment ABC’s of resuscitation avoid movement (rest quietly) keep comfortably warm 40% oxygen (100% oxygen is not recommended) Pulmonary (PFIB, HC, NOX, CG) Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) is 10 times more toxic than CG. Comes from Teflon fires. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) are by products of conventional blast weapons and explosives. These can cause the same effects as Phosgene (CG). Treatment is the same as for CG. Vomiting (PD, DA, DM, DC) Tear (CN, CNC, CNS, CNB, CA, CS) Mace - CN, CNC, CNS, CNB, CA and CR (British). Pepper Spray - CS, CS1, CS2. More potent and less toxic than CN. Treatment - Move to fresh air/ mask up. For heavy CS exposure, you can potentially use therapy for cyanide poisoning.

CHEMICAL AGENT PROPERTIES CG Phosgene choking agent - State at 68 'F: colorless gas - Vapor density: 3.4 - Odor: new-mown hay, green corn - Rate of action: immediate to 3 hrs - Detection: M18A2 DF Diphosgene choking agent - State at 69'F: colorless liquid - Vapor density: - Odor: new-mown hay, green corn - Rate of action: - Detection: GA Tabun nerve agent - State at 68 'F: colorless to brown liquid - Vapor density: 5.63 - Odor: faintly fruity, none if pure - Rate of action: non-lethal - Detection: M18A2, APD 2000, M256A1 GB Sarin nerve agent - State at 69'F: colorless liquid - Vapor density: 4.86 - Odor: almost no odor in pure state - Rate of action: very rapid - Detection: M18A2, APD 2000, M256A1 GD Soman nerve agent - State at 69'F: colorless liquid - Vapor density: 6.33 - Odor: fruity odor; with impurities, odor of camphor - Rate of action: very rapid - Detection: M18A2, APD 2000, M256A1 VX nerve agent - State at 69'F: amber colored liquid - Vapor density: 9.2 - Odor: odorless - Rate of action: rapid - Detection: M18A2, APD 2000, M256A1 AC Hydrogen Cyanide blood agent - State at 69'F: colorless gas or liquid - Vapor density: .93 - Odor: bitter almonds - Rate of action: very rapid - Detection: M18A2, M256A1

53 54

CK Cyanogen Chloride blood agent - State at 68 'F: colorless gas - Vapor density: 2.1 - Odor: bitter almonds, can go unnoticed - Rate of action: - Detection: M18A3, M256A1 SA Arsine blood agent - State at 69'F: colorless gas - Vapor density: 2.69 - Odor: mild garlic - Rate of action: delayed, 2 hrs to 11 days - Detection: none HD Distilled Mustard blister agent - State at 68F : colorless to yellow liquid;freezes @ 58F - Vapor density: 5.4 - Odor: garlic - Rate of action: delayed, hrs to days - Detection: M18A3, APD 2000, M256A1 HN Nitrogen Mustard blister agent - State at 68 'F: dark liquid - Vapor density: 5.9 - Odor: fishy or musty - Rate of action: delayed, 12 hrs or longer - Detection: M18A3, APD 2000, M256A1 HT Mustard-T mixture blister agent - State at 69'F: clear yellowish liquid - Vapor density: - Odor: garlic - Rate of action: - Detection: M18A3, APD 2000, M256A1 L Lewisite blister agent - State at 68 'F: dark oily liquid - Vapor density: 7.1 - Odor: geraniums - Rate of action: rapid - Detection: M18A3, APD 2000, M256A1 PD Phenyidichloroaraine blister agent also acts as vomiting agent - State at 69'F: colorless liquid - Vapor density: 7.7 - Odor: no odor - Rate of action: immediate eye, 1/2 - 1 hr skin - Detection: M18A3

ED Ethyidichloroaraine blister agent - State at 69'F: colorless liquid - Vapor density: 6.0 - Odor: fruiting, but biting and irritating odor - Rate of action: immediate irritation, delayed blister - Detection: M18A3 MD Methyidichloroaraine blister agent - State at 69'F: colorless liquid - Vapor density: 5.5 - Odor: odorless - Rate of action: rapid - Detection: M18A3 CX Phosgene Oxime blister agent (causes immediate pain) - State at 69'F: colorless solid or liquid - Vapor density: - Odor: disagreeable, penetrating odor - Rate of action: immediate effect on contact - Detection: M18A3, M256A1 DA Diphenyichloroaraine vomiting agent - State at 69'F: white to brown solid - Vapor density: forms little vapor - Odor: no pronounced odor - Rate of action: very rapid - Detection: M18A3 DM Diphenyichloroaraine vomiting agent - State at 69'F: yellow to green solid - Vapor density: forms little vapor - Odor: no pronounced odor - Rate of action: very rapid - Detection: none DC Diphenyicyanoarsine vomiting agent - State at 69'F: white to pink solid - Vapor density: forms little vapor - Odor: odor similar to garlic and bitter almonds - Rate of action: very rapid - Detection: none CN Chloroacetophenone tear agent - State at 69'F: solid - Vapor density: 5.3 - Odor: fragrant odor similar to apple - Rate of action: instant - Detection: APD 2000

55 56

CNC tear agent - state at 69'F: liquid - vapor density: 4.3 - odor: chloroform - rate of action: instant - detection: ADP 2000 CNS tear agent - State at 69'F: liquid - Vapor density: 5 - Odor: fly paper - Rate of action: instant - Detection: APD 2000 CNB tear agent - State at 69'F: liquid - Vapor density: 4 - Odor: banana - Rate of action: instant - Detection: APD 2000 CA tear agent - State at 69'F: liquid - Vapor density: 6.7 - Odor: soured fruit - Rate of action: instant - Detection: APD 2000 CS tear agent, may burn skin in high concentration - State at 69'F: fine powder - Vapor density: - Odor: pepper-like - Rate of action: instant - Detection: APD 2000 BZ mental/physical incapacitation - State at 69'F: fine powder - Vapor density: 11.6 - Odor: - Rate of action: delayed 1 to 4 hrs - Detection: none Smoke and Incendiaries (60A-1-1-11 p.2-11) CO, FM, FS, GS, HC, PWP, RS, SGF2, VS, WP, YS, IM, ISO, MG, NH2, NP, Napalm B, PTL, PTV, TPA, TH1, TH3, TH4, TEA, Westco gel Chemical Anti-plant Agents (60A-1-1-11 p. 2-19) Atrazine, BLUE, Bromacil, Butyphos, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Monuron, ORANGE, Simazine, Sodium Chlorate, WHITE

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS Bacteria (Anthrax, Plague, Tularemia, Brucellosis, Q Fever, Cholera, Glanders, Typhoid Fever) Bacillus anthracis Anthrax (Cutaneous) INCUBATION PERIOD: 1 - 5 days SYMPTOMS: Fever, malaise, and headache MORTALITY RATE: Less than 1% if treated 95% OF CASES ARE CUTANEOUS MALAISE- GENERAL FEELING OF DISCOMFORT ANTHRAX (Gastrointestinal) INCUBATION PERIOD: 2 - 5 days SYMPTOMS: Nausea, vomiting, and fever followed by severe abdominal pain. MORTALITY RATE: 100% NATURALLY OCCURS WITH SHEEP AND CATTLE ANTHRAX (Inhalation) INCUBATION PERIOD: 1 - 6 days INITIAL SYMPTOMS: Malaise, fatigue, myalgia, and fever, nonproductive cough and mild chest discomfort. TERMINAL PHASE: Dyspnea, stridor, cyanosis, shock and death in 24-36 hrs MORTALITY RATE: 100% INHAL - 1 - 6 DAY INCUBATION MYALGIA (MUSCLE PAIN) DYSPNEA- shortness of breath STRIDOR- high pitched, noisy respiration Prophylaxis A licensed vaccine for use in those considered to be at risk of exposure Vaccine schedule is 0, 2, and 4 weeks for the initial series, followed by boosts at 6, 12 and 18 months and then a yearly booster. If you have started the shots, but have not stayed on schedule, start back where you left off unless three years have elapsed. Sheep workers and cattle slaughters are some of the civilian population that are immunized. Vaccine booster (if required) and Cipro/Doxy should start upon receiving the warning order. Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO BID every 12 hours x 4 weeks or Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID every 12 hours x 4 weeks. Continue until you have received 3 doses of vaccine. If unvaccinated begin initial doses of vaccine before assault. 2 additional .5 ml doses of vaccine should be given two weeks apart. Those previously vaccinated with fewer than 3 doses should receive a single .5 ml booster. Those who have received the 3 initial doses of the primary series within the prevoius 6 months should not need a booster. Treatment Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO BID every 12 hours x 4 weeks Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID every 12 hours x 4 weeks Penicillin orally for cut SUPPORTIVE THERAPY MAY BE NECESSARY Critical Treatment Penicillin 2 million units IV every 2 hours plus streptomycin 30 mg/kg IM every day (or gentamicin) CIPRO: 400 mg IV q 8 - 12 OR DOXY: 200 mg IV x 1, THEN 100 mg IV q 8-12 H FOR 4 WEEKS OR UNTIL THIRD DOSE OF VACCINE CHOLERA MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Ingestion INCUBATION PERIOD: 12 - 72 Hours.

SYMPTOMS: Sudden onset of vomiting, headache and painless diarrhea. MORTALITY RATE: Can range up to 50% in untreated cases.

57 58

FLUID LOSE MAY BE AS MUCH AS 5 TO 10 LITERS A DAY Ingestion of contaminated water or foods, and by heavily soiled hands or utensils. PROPHYLAXIS: A killed vaccine is available. Vaccine schedules is 0 and 4 weeks with a 6 month booster. TREATMENT: Fluid and electrolyte replacement. Only provides about 50% protection, and last for no longer than 6 months Antibiotics will shorten the duration of diarrhea and shedding of the organism. Ciprofloxacin: 500mg EVERY 12 hrs X 3 days Erythromycin: 500mg EVERY 6hrs X 3 days Tetracycline: 500mg EVERY 6 hrs X 3 days Doxycycline: 300mg A DAY X 3 days or 100 mg every 12 hours x 3 days Norfloxacin: 400 mg every 12 hours x 3 days PLAGUE (Yersina pestis) (CLINICAL SYNDROMES) THERE ARE 6 DIFFERENT TYPE OF PLAGUE SEPTICEMIC PLAGUE MENINGITIS PHARYNGEAL CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS PLAGUE (Pneumonic) MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Inhalation of aerosols. INCUBATION PERIOD: 2 - 3 days SYMPTOMS: High fever, chills, headache, dyspnea (shortness of breath), stridor (wheezing) and cyanosis. Death results from respiratory failure. INFECTION OF THE LUNGS Plague (Bubonic) MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Bites from fleas or rodents. INCUBATION PERIOD: 2 - 10 days SYMPTOMS: Sudden onset of fever, chills, and headache often followed by nausea and vomiting. BUBOES MANIFEST AFTER THE 1-8 DAY INCUBATION PERIOD. Plague all types MORTALITY RATE: Pneumonic 90 -100% and bubonic 25 to 50% in untreated cases. PROPHYLAXIS: Vaccine available for bubonic type (side effects). No vaccine for pneumonic. Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 7 days Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO BID x 7 days Tetracycline 500 mg PO BID x 7 days TREATMENT: QUARANTINE REQUIRED FOR SIX DAYS. Streptomycin, Doxycycline and ciprofloxacin are very effective. Streptomycin 30 mg/kg/day IM in 2 divided doses every 12 hours x 10 days or Gentamicin. Doxycycline 200 mg IV once, then 100 mg IV x 10-14 days. Chloramphenicol 1 gm IV QID x 10-14 days. LOCAL REACTIONS AT THE INOCULATION SITE INCLUDE: redness of the skin Indurations- process of becoming hard, TENDERNESS EDEMA- watery fluid in the cells ALL WHICH TYPICALLY RESOLVE IN 48 HOURS TULAREMIA Cutaneous ulcer MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Inhalation of an aerosol, blood from animals, or bites from certain insects. INCUBATION PERIOD: 2 - 10 days

SYMPTOMS: Fever, headache, chills, malaise, weight loss and non-productive cough. MORTALITY RATE: Less than 5%. ALSO KNOWN AS RABBIT FEVER DEERFLIES, MOSQUITOES OR TICKS FEWER THAN 200 CASES REPORTED SINCE 1967 COMPARES TO 2291 CASES IN 1939 AND MORE THAN 1100 CASES IN PER YEAR IN THE 40’S PROPHYLAXIS: New investigational vaccine by scarification. Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 14 days. Tetracycline 2 gm/day PO x 14 days. TREATMENT: Streptomycin 30 mg/kg IM QD x 10-14 days. gentamicin 3-5 mg/kg/day IV x 10-14 days. Brucellosis (Undulant Fever) Mode of Transmission: Inhalation via aerosol route. Incubation Period: 3 to 60 days. Average of 1-2 months. Symptoms: Irregular fever, headache, profound weakness, fatigue, chills, malaise, body aches, sweats, arthralgia (joint pain), splenomegaly, heptomegaly, weight loss. May last a year or more. Mortality Rate: Seldom fatal, 5% in untreated. Most deaths caused by Endocartis or Meningitis. Propholaxis: No vaccine available. Avoid consumption of unpasteurized milk & cheese. Treatment: Doxycycline 200 mg/day PO & Rifampin 600-900 mg/day for 6 weeks. Ofloxacin 400 mg/day & Rifampin 600 mg/day aslo effective. For complications including Endocartis or Meningitis, use Rifampin, Tetracycline and an Aminoglycoside. Q Fever Mode of Transmission: Inhalation of aerosol. Incubation Period: 2-14 days, average 7 days. Symptoms: Fever, chills, retro orbital headache pain, malaise, weakness, couch, chest pain, weight loss, illness. Lasts 2 days to 2 weeks. Mortality Rate: Seldom fatal. Prophylaxis: Vaccine available. Treatment: Tetra/Doxy should begin 8-12 days post exposure & continue for 5 days (this may avoid any symptoms showing). Tetracycline 500 mg every 6 hours x 5-7 days. Doxycycline 100 mg every 12 hours x 5-7 days. Glanders Mode of Transmission: Inhalation of aerosol. Incubation: 10-14 days. Symptoms: Fever, riggers, sweats, myalgia, headache, pleuritic chest pain, vertical adenopathy, splenomegaly & generalized papular/pustular eruptions. Mortality Rate: Almost always fatal without treatment. Prophylaxis: No vaccine available. Post exposure prophylaxis may be tried with TMP-SMX. Treatment: Sulfadiazine 100 mg/kg per day in divided doses x 3 weeks. TMP-SMX may be effective. Typhoid Fever Mode of Transmission: Incubation Period: 3-60 days. Symptoms: Headache, fever, raised colored spots on skin, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal tenderness. Mortality Rate: Prophylaxis: Typhoid Vaccine.

Treatment: Standard antibiotic therapy.

59 60

Viruses (Small Pox, Viral Encephalitis, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever) Small Pox (Variola Major) ERADICATED IN 1980 BY THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION TWO LIVE VIRUS'S REMAIN, ONE AT CDC IN ATLANTA AND ONE AT VECTOR IN RUSSIA IN 1999 BOTH PLACES were SUPPOSED TO DESTROY THERE STRAND OF SMALL POX MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Inhalation of an aerosol, ingestion, or cutaneous. INCUBATION PERIOD: Average of 12 days SYMPTOMS: Malaise,fever, rigors headache, vomiting, and backache. 2-4 days later you will get a discrete rash on hands/face. MORTALITY RATE: 30% in unvaccinated individuals. Very low with vaccination. Quarantine 17 day isolation period required. PROPHYLAXIS: Limited supply of vaccine (Small Pox Vaccine, Vaccina Virus) is still available. Vaccine is probably good for about 3-5 years. Pre exposure give vaccine and Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG) .6 ml/kg IM TREATMENT: Supportive care. Same as Prophylaxis, give in first week following exposure, vaccine and VIG .6 ml/kg IM. Cidofovir effective In Vitro. Viral Encephalitis VEE (Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis) (also EEE, WEE, St Louis, Nile Valley, Ross River) MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Inhalation of aerosol or mosquitoes bites. TIME OF ONSET: 1 to 5 days. SYMPTOMS: Initial: Fever, severe headache and malaise. Vomiting, sore throat and cough may follow. MORTALITY RATE: Less than 1%. Full recovery in 1-2 weeks. South and Central America, Mexico and Florida PROPHYLAXIS: Investigational vaccine available for VEE, WEE & EEE. TREATMENT: Largely supportive. Analgesics to relieve headache & Myalgia. May require anticonvulsants, fluids & electrolytes. Quarantine 3 day isolation period required. Viral Hemoragic Fevers (Lassa Fever, Argentine, Bolivian, Hantavirus, Rift Valley Fever, Yellow Fever, Dengue, Marburg Disease, Ebola) Highly infectious via the aerosol route, and most are quite stable as respirable aerosols. Four Main Categories: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae. Mode of Transmission: Inhalation or ingestion. Time of Onset: 2 - 35 days. Symptoms: Mortality: 5 - 20%, Ebolas 50 -90% Prophylaxis: Availability of specific antiviral drugs is limited. Immunizations available are Yellow Fever vaccine and Argentine Hemoragic Fever Virus (Junin Vaccine Strain Candid #1)Ribavairin for Lassa Fever, for Hantaan Virus Korea has a formalin-inactivated rodent brain vaccine Treatment: Largely Supportive, may require close supervision and some will require intensive care. Ribavirin 30 mg/kg IV initial dose, then 15 mg/kg IV every 6 hours x 4 days, then 7.5 mg/kg IV every 8 hours x 6 days.

Toxins (Botulinum, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB), Ricin, Trichothecene (T-2) Mycotoxins) BOTULINUM TOXIN 15,000 X MORE POTENT THAN VX. MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Inhalation or ingestion. TIME OF ONSET: 1 to 3 days. SYMPTOMS: Ptosis, general weakness, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision and development of respiratory failure. MORTALITY: Among the most toxic compounds known to man, however, fatalities are less than 5%. PROPHYLAXIS: Investigational new drug and PPE. TREATMENT: Supportive care with tracheotomy and ventilator assistance. Weeks to months. MORTALITY IN THE 1950’s WAS AS HIGH AS 60% NOW IT IS LESS THAN 5% DUE TO ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, SUCH AS A TRACHEOTOMY AND AN ENDO-TRACHEAL INTUBATION STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN B (SEB) MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Inhalation or ingestion. TIME OF ONSET: 3 o 12 hrs. SYMPTOMS: Sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and non-productive cough. Fever may last 2-5 days and cough may last 4 wks. MORTALITY RATE: Minor, could render up to 80% of exposed personnel clinically ill. Out of action for one to two weeks. PROPHYLAXIS: Several vaccines are in development. TREATMENT: Attention to fluid management. Artificial ventilation may be required in severe cases. RICIN MODE OF TRANSMISSION - Inhalation or ingestion TIME OF ONSET - 24 Hrs SYMPTOMS - Weakness, fever, cough and pulmonary edema (dry land drowning). Severe respiratory distress and death occur in 36-72 hrs. MORTALITY RATE: 50% Georgi Markov in London in 78 edema- watery fluids in the cells or lung tissues PROPHYLAXIS: Mask is effective against aerosol exposure. No vaccine at this time. TREATMENT: No specific treatment. Gut decon via lavage(washing of the stomach) and activated charcoal may be warranted. TRICHOTHECENE (T-2) MYCOTOXINS MODE OF TRANSMISSION - Inhalation or ingestion TIME OF ONSET - Minutes to hours SYMPTOMS - Exposure causes skin pain, redness, and vesicles. Effects on the airway: nose and throat pain, nasal discharge, itching, sneezing, dyspnea, wheezing and chest pain COMES FROM FUNGI (MOLDS) USED IN LAOS 75-81 6300 DEATHS KAMPUCHEA 79-81 1000 DEATHS AFGHANISTAN 79-81 3042 DEATHS MORTALITY RATE: 100% If not treated PROPHYLAXIS: Mask is effective against aerosol exposure. No vaccine at this time. TREATMENT: No specific treatment.

61 62

M256A1 PROCEDURES

a. Protective strip should still cover spots. b. Pull and discard tab #1. c. Rub top half of white paper tab #2on tablet. d. Hold sampler with arrow up. Using heater pads, crush ampoules in

three center pockets #3. e. Rotate sampler so arrow is down. Forcing liquid to each spot with right

hand while pressing protective strip with left hand to ensure wetting of covered spots.

f. With left thumb over center of protective strip, hold sampler flat and swing heater (green ampoules) away from blister spot.

g. Being sure NOT TO use pads, crush one heater ampoule #4 and swing heater over spot. Vent heater vapor away from operator’s body.

h. Leave heater over spot for 2 minutes, then swing heater and protective strip away from spot.

i. Expose spots to air (shielding from direct sun) for 10 minutes. j. Crush second green ampoule #4 and swing heater back over test spot.

Leave in place 1 minute. Swing heater away from spot. k. Hold sampler with arrow down. Crush two outside ampoules #5 with

pads. l. Re-rub bottom half of white paper tab #2 next to first mark. m. Immediately look for a difference in color between the two marks n. Turn sampler over to determine safe or danger conditions. Wait 3

minutes for nerve agent results. Disregard any blue-green edge around nerve spot rim.

BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING KIT (HHA)

a. Be sure HHA is at Room Temperature Prior to use b. Keeping HHA Panel Sealed open bottle of Buffer to Wet Applicator c. Swipe the Sample Area (10cmx10cm square) d. Break off swab Tips in buffer, Shake for 30 sec e. Open panel of HHA f. Add 3-4 drops to sample well g. Wait 15 +/- 1 minutes for HHA to develop. h. Dispose of Bleached Neg/Invalid assay as medical waste Wrap POS HHA, Ship to Confirmatory Lab * Positive indication is two marks. (Good for 2 years in refrigerator/6 weeks out of refrigerator)

M18A3 SETUP

Preparation For Use Green marked bottle 1. Unscrew and remove the cap on the green-marked bottle. 2. Remove the dropper tip from the green-marked bottle. The dropper tip can be removed by applying strong thumb pressure sideways. 3. Empty the contents of one plastic packet of reagent (1) into the green-marked bottle, taking care not to spill any of the reagent. Add one tablet from the green top vial (2). Crush the tablet inside the plastic bottle by squeezing the walls of the bottle gently. The plastic packets of powder reagent and the green top vial tablet reagent are contained in a plastic container (3). 4. Pour clear water into the green-marked bottle until the liquid level reaches the mark on the side of the bottle. Clear water includes any water fit for drinking, treated or untreated. 5. Reinstall the dropper tip and screw cap on tightly. Shake the green-marked bottle vigorously until little or no solid material settles to the bottom of the bottle. 6. The prepared solution is good for approximately 24 hours. After 24 hours discard any remaining solution in the green marked bottle and wash the bottle. Blue-marked Squeeze Bottle NOTE This solution may be used until exhausted. 1. The first time that the ABC-M18A3 chemical agent detector kit is used, remove the cap and the dropper tip and fill the blue-marked bottle with clear water up to the mark on the side of the bottle. The squeeze bottle already contains the solid reagent. 2. Reinstall the dropper tip and screw the cap on tightly. 3. Shake the contents until the solid reagent dissolves. White-marked Squeeze Bottle The solution in the white-marked bottle is ready for use as received.

63 64

M18A3 TESTING PROCEDURES Test for Liquid Agents (Blister or Nerve Agents) on Surfaces If the suspected surface contamination is in liquid form (puddles, small drops, or barely visible droplets), test for agent with ABC-M8 VGH chemical agent detector paper. 1. Place the paper in contact with the suspected surface (blot, do not rub) and observe color change, if any. YELLLOW – G agent RED – Blister agent (H,L, and CX) GREEN – V agent Test for V and G Vapors (Detector Ticket) 1. Remove detector ticket packet from carrier. 2. Tear packet open at tear notches. 3. Remove the detector ticket from the packet. Discard the desiccant board 1 in. x 1 in. x 1/16 in. (2.54 cm x 2.54 cm x0.16 cm). 4. Remove and discard foil overlay from the detector ticket. 5. Add one drop of solution from the white-marked bottle onto the enzyme disk on the round end of the detector ticket COLLECTING AND TESTING VAPOR SAMPLE 1. Install the round end of a prepared detector ticket in the aspirator bulb adapter with enzyme disk facing toward the bulb. 2. Direct the ticket toward the ground and compress the bulb sixty times. Allow the bulb to re-inflate completely between compressions. 3. Withdraw the ticket from the aspirator bulb adapter.4. Carefully add one drop of solution from the white-marked bottle to the substrate disk at the square end of the ticket. 5. Fold the ticket at the score line to bring the enzyme and substrate disks together. Then place the folded ticket in the clip for three minutes. 6. After three minutes, remove the ticket from the clip. 7. Unfold the ticket and observe the color of the enzyme disk on the round end of the ticket. a. If the disk is white or light red-orange, either V-agent or G-agent, or a combination of V-agent and G-agent is present in the atmosphere. Keep mask on under these conditions. NOTE Blue color is safe. Color may not be evenly distributed on detector ticket. b. If the disk is blue, no V-agent or G-agent is present in the atmosphere. c. If most of the disk is white or light red-orange with a fringe of blue, very low concentrations of V-agent or G-agent are present. Test for Cyanogen Chloride (CK) 1. Snap both ends from a blue band detector tube at the scorings and press the unmarked end of the detector tube into the adapter. 2. With the detector tube pointing down, compress the aspirator bulb sixty times.

3. Remove the detector tube from the adapter. If a yellow or orange color appears in the detector tube, CK is present. Discard the detector tube and omit the test for G-agent and the test for mustards or CX. 4. If no yellow or orange color appears, the test is negative. Retain the blue band detector tube and proceed with the test for G-agent. Test for G-Agent 1. Perform this test only if the CK test is negative (no yellow or orange color) following detector ticket test. Use the blue band detector tube from the CK test for this test. White-band detector tubes may be used if there is a shortage of blue band tubes. However, the white-band tubes are not to be used to test for other than G-agents. 2. Squeeze one drop of reagent solution from the green-marked bottle into the banded end of the detector tube. If yellow appears within one minute, G-agent is present. Test for Mustard or Phosgene Oxime (CX) Vapors 1. Perform this test only if the CK test is negative. Use a blue band detector tube for this test. 2. Snap both ends from the detector tube at the scorings and press the unmarked end of the tube into the adapter. 3. With the detector tube pointing down, compress the bulb sixty times. Remove the detector tube from the adapter. 4. Wait at least two minutes after sampling; then squeeze one drop of reagent solution from the blue-marked bottle into the banded end of the detector tube. NOTE If the temperature is below 65° F (18.3° C), see WP 0007 00. 5. If a purple-blue ring or color appears, mustard H, HD, HN, or HT is present. If a red-brown ring or color appears, CX is present (a light brown color that fades within 15 seconds is not a positive test). Test for Lewisite (L), Ethyl Dichloroarsine (ED), or Methyl Dichloroarsine (MD) 1. Snap both ends from a yellow band detector tube at the scorings and press the unmarked end of the detector tube into the adapter. 2. With the detector tube pointing down, compress the bulb sixty times. 3. Remove the detector tube from the adapter and observe the color. If a blue-green ring or color is observed, ED or a high concentration of L is present. 4. Squeeze one drop of reagent solution from the blue-marked bottle into the banded end of the detector tube. If a blue or blue-green ring or color appears, L, ED, or MD (singly or in combination) is present. Test for Phosgene (CG) 1. Snap both ends from a green band detector tube at the scorings and press the unmarked end of the detector tube into the adapter. 2. With the detector tube pointing down, compress the bulb sixty times. 3. Remove the detector tube from the adapter and observe the color. If a green ring or color appears, CG is present.

65 66

Test for Hydrocyanic Acid (AC) CAUTION Decontaminants will affect certain components of the M18A3 detector kit. Any high chlorine content decontaminant will give positive indications on the AC test if it is not thoroughly rinsed from the contaminated surface or item prior to conducting vapor test. 1. Snap both ends from a red band detector tube at the scorings and press the unmarked end of the detector tube into the adapter. 2. With the detector tube pointing down, compress the bulb sixty times. In order to confirm a weak positive test, when using the red band detector tubes, the exposed tube should be darker than a sealed unexposed tube. 3. Remove the detector tube from the adapter and observe the color. If the test for CK was negative and a blue ring or color appears in the detector tube, AC is present. If the test for CK was positive and a blue ring or color appears in the detector tube, Tabun (GA) and/or AC is present. Sampling for Unknown Agents When no positive readings are obtained with the preceding tests and the presence of a chemical agent is suspected, proceed with the following steps: 1. Complete a report card. a. Be sure to record information which may be helpful in determining the nature of the unknown agent: identification of the unit taking the samples; the place, date, and time the samples are taken; observed characteristics of the agent; and the effect of the agent on personnel. b. List the observed color effects on the various types of detector tubes. 2. Select an area for sampling that is likely to have a high concentration of agent such as a depression in the ground or just above a puddle of liquid agent. Take samples in five white-band sampling tubes. The instructions given below apply to each of the five sampling tubes. a. Snap both ends from a white-marked sampling tube at the scorings and press the unmarked end into the adapter. b. With the sampling tube pointing down, compress the bulb sixty times. c. Remove the sampling tube from the adapter and place it in the zip lock bag containing the completed report card. 3. Place the zip lock bag containing the five sampling tubes and the report card in an envelope, seal the envelope, and forward to the chemical laboratory designated in the unit SOP.

M18A3 Quick look table

Test Tube Comp

Reagent Color change Agent

1

Ticket 60 1 drop white top bottle

Blue is safe All Nerve

2 Blue 60

None Yellow-orange CK

3 Blue 0

1 drop green top bottle

Yellow within one minute

G

4 Blue 60

After 2 minutes add 1 drop from

blue bottle

Blue- purple

Red-brown

H

CX

5 Yellow 60

1 drop blue top bottle

Blue-green Or

Blue

L ED MD

6 Green 60

None Green CG

7 Red 60

None Blue AC *If tests are negative and chemical agent is suspected take 5 samples and place tubes in envelope with report. Forward for analysis. White band tubes may be

used in place of blue band tubes for G.

8 White 60

67 68

FRAG INFORMATION (ref. 60a-1-1-4) Increase the fragmentation distance ranges by 33 percent when intentionally disposing of ammunition and explosives placed in stacks or piles. Detonation of munitions in stacks can project fragments to greater distances than detonation of multiple items arranged in a side-by-side orientation. Ensure that all personnel located at the Hazardous Fragmentation Distance Range are afforded adequate frontal and overhead protection against explosion effects. At this distance, personnel remaining in the open may incur injury or death from being struck by a hazardous fragment(s). Risks associated with explosion effects increase for distances closer than the hazardous fragmentation distance range. For nonessential personnel exposed in the open, use the greater of K50 (K(m)19.84) or the HFDR, with a minimum of 328 feet (100 meters). This distance range is also recommended for essential personnel whenever possible. For essential personnel in the open, QDRs will be determined by an on-site authority. A minimum of 328 feet (100 meters) withdrawal distance is recommended. QDR FOR FLY ROCK. If a fly rock event is anticipated, use the flyrock withdraws distance equation K625. QDR FOR CAVE OR TUNNELOPENINGS OR PORTHOLES. Unless barricaded, it is recommended that personnel withdraw a minimum of 1800 feet within 10 degrees to either side of the center of the opening. Hazardous Fragmentation Distance Range (HFDR) in Feet Determined by NEWQD of an item: 315.9 x W 0.164 315.9=multiplying factor W 0.164=NEWQD in pounds raised to the 0.164 power. Maximum Fragmentation Distance Range (MDFR) in Feet Determined by NEWQD of an item: 2756+565.9 x In (NEWQD)

In (NEWQD) = natural logarithm of (NEWQD) in pounds Blast Overpressure Distance Range (BODR) (Scaled Distance) D=K x W1/3

D=distance in feet K=multiplying factor in English units

W1/3 =cube root of NEWQD in pounds

69 70

71 72

73 7473 74

EFFECT INCIDENT OVERPRESSURE

K-FACTOR

Eardrum Rupture (1% probability)

3.0 psi 20

Eardrum Rupture (5% probability)

3.6 psi 17.9

Eardrum Rupture (10% probability)

6.6 psi 12.2

Eardrum Rupture (20% probability)

9.0 psi 10.3

Eardrum Rupture (50% probability)

15.0 psi 8.0

Eardrum Rupture (99% probability)

74.4 psi 3.9

Personnel thrown off balance

2.3 psi 24

Minimal damage to structures

.14 psi 197

Nonessential personnel

.08 psi 328

PROPANE NEW EQUIVILANT VALUES GALLONS NEW

2 25 5 61 7 86 9 110

24 294 28 343 35 428

150 1836 200 2448 250 3060 325 3978 400 4896 500 6120 1000 12240

TABLE FOR KNOWN ORDNANCE ORDNANCE EXPL

WEIGHT K500 K300 K50 K24

155mm projo 24 1,555 933 156 75 105mm projo 8 1,075 645 108 52 81mm mortar 2.3 855 513 86 42

MK81 135 2,925 1,755 293 141 MK82 260 3,345 2,007 335 161 MK83 601 4,215 2,529 422 203 MK84 1,276 5,725 3,435 573 275 RPG 2.4 855 645 108 52

75 7675 76

PAN DISRUPTOR LOADS LOAD VEL (ft/sec) STAND OFF TARGET

LOW VELOCITY CLAY (CUSTOM)

900

18”- 50FT

IED W/NON-NG EXPLOSIVE, PVC

PIPE, CLASS, BATTERY

12 GAUGE 3” SLUG (COMMERCIAL)

1500 18”-50FT BATTERY

*HIGH VELOCITY SLUG (CUSTOM)

2,300 18”-50FT BATTERY IED W/NON NG

EXPLOSIVE *ULTRA VELOCITY

SLUG (CUSTOM) 2,900 18”-50FT BATTERY

IED W/NON NG EXPLOSIVE

12 GAUGE 2 ¾ “ #8 (COMMERCIAL)

1,200 18”-4FT BATTERY

12 GAUGE 3 ½” SHOT (COMMERICAL

1,100

18”-4FT

BATTERY

*ALUMINUM SLUG 3,450 18”-50FT HIGH SPEED CIRCUIT

*POPPER BLANK (COMMERCIAL)

(W140ML WATER LOW VELOCITY)

500

2”-6”

IED W/DYNAMITE

BLACK PWDR BLK (COMMERCIAL)

(W140ML WATER MED VELOCITY)

800

2”-10FT

IED W/NON-NG

EXPLOSIVE MED THICK TGT

BLACK PWDR BLK (COMMERCIAL)

(W140ML WATER HIGH VELOCITY)

800

18”-3FT @ 90 DEGREES

PVC PIPE W/NON-NG EXPLOSIVES

*HIGH VEL BLK (CUSTOM)

(W140ML WATER HI VELOCITY)

1,000

2”-10FT

IED W/NON-NG

EXPLOSIVES PVC-ABS

PIPE/VEHICLES *AVON

(CUSTOM) 2,100 18”-10FT @ 30-90

DEG 18”-10FT @ 5-15

DEG

PVC-ABS PIPE W/SMKLSS STEEL PIPE

BATTERY IN IED H/V BLK E SHELL 1,500 2”-10FT IED W/NON-NG

EXPLOSIVE

Caution: Military type explosives (i.e. Comp-B, C-4, Detasheet) are a magnitude less sensitive than commercial explosives (NG based dynamites, shock tube, or detonating cord). Upon direct impact Hydra-Jets can shock initiate commercial explosives, and the more powerful Hydra-Jets can shock initiate certain military type explosives. Note: To penetrate thick or strong barriers, use the HJ’s at the minimum or close to the minimum standoff. Due to ablation of the water-jet with distance, HJs at their maximum standoff will penetrate substantially less.

32oz. HYDRAJET LOAD AND STANDOFFS

/OAD VEL (ft/sec) STAND OFF TARGET

.043”(M080) (M994)

1,836-2,244 6”-3FT PWR SUPPLIES, ES, MIL EXPL

BRIEF CASES, LUGGAGE WOODEN BOXES,

PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS

.083”(M081) (M980)

2,520-3,080 6”-4FT PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES, MIL EXPL

BRIEF CASES, LUGGAGE WOODEN BOXES,

PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS AMMO CANS, CAR/VAN VEH

BODIES, 55GAL DRUMS .125”(M082)

(M981) 3082-3766 6”-5FT PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES,

MIL EXPL BRIEF CASES, LUGGAGE

WOODEN BOXES, PLASTIC CONTAINERS

KNAPSACKS VEH WINDOWS WITH TGT ON SEAT OF CAR, PROPANE

BTLS AND 1/8” STEEL BARRIERS

.168”(M083)(M982) 3,505-4,283 6”-5FT ALL ABOVE .25” (M085)(M984) 5,248-6,414 6”-5FT PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES,

BRIEF CASES LUGGAGE WOODEN BOXES,

PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS, CAR/VAN

VEH BODIES, VEH WINDOWS WITH TGT ON

SEAT OF CAR, 55GAL DRUMS, PROPANE

BTLS,1/8” – ¼” STEEL BARRIER.

77 7877 78

64oz. HYDRAJET LOAD AND STANDOFFS

HYDRA-JET DISRUPTER LOADS SIZE (oz.) LOAD VEL (ft/sec) STAND OFF TARGET

.043”(M080) (M994)

1,836-2,244 6”-3FT PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES, MIL EXPL

BRIEF CASES, LUGGAGE WOODEN BOXES,

PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS

.083”(M081) (M980)

2,264-2,768 6”-6FT PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES, MIL EXPL

BRIEF CASES, LUGGAGE WOODEN BOXES,

PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS, AMMO CANSCAR/VAN VEH

BODIES, 55GAL DRUM .125”(M082)

(M981) 2,740-3,348 6”-6FT PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES,

MIL EXPL BRIEF CASES, LUGGAGE

WOODEN BOXES, PLASTIC CONTAINERS

KNAPSACKS, AMMO CANSCAR/VAN VEH

BODIES, 55GAL DRUM, PROPANE BTLS, 1/8”-3/16”

STEEL BARRIERS .168”(M083)(M982) 3,125-3,819 6”-6FT ALL ABOVE .25” (M085)(M984) 4,715-5,763 6”-8FT PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES,

BRIEF CASES LUGGAGE WOODEN BOXES,

PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS, CAR/VAN

VEH BODIES, VEH WINDOWS WITH TGT ON

SEAT OF CAR, 55GAL DRUMS, PROPANE BTLS, 1/8” – ¼” STEEL BARRIER

128oz. HYDRAJET LOAD AND STANDOFFS

SIZE (oz.) LOAD VEL (ft/sec) STAND OFF

.043”(M080) (M994)

1,526-1,866 .67-5FT (8”)

PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES, MIL EXPL

BRIEF CASES, LUGGAGE WOODEN BOXES,

PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS

.083”(M081) (M980)

2,135-2,609 .67-7FT (8”)

PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES, MIL EXPL

BRIEF CASES, LUGGAGE WOODEN BOXES,

PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS, AMMO CANSCAR/VAN VEH

BODIES, 55GAL DRUM .125”(M082)

(M981) 2,586-3,160 .67-8FT

(8”) PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES, BRIEF CASES LUGGAGE

WOODEN BOXES, PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS, CAR/VAN

VEH BODIES, VEH WINDOWS WITH TGT ON

SEAT OF CAR, 55GAL DRUMS, PROPANE BTLS,

1/8” STEEL BARRIER .168”(M083)(M982) 2,956-3,612 (8”) .67-8FT ALL ABOVE .25” (M085)(M984) 4,467-5,459 .67-8FT

(8”) PWR SUPPLIES, WIRES, BRIEF CASES LUGGAGE

WOODEN BOXES, PLASTIC CONTAINERS KNAPSACKS, CAR/VAN

VEH BODIES, VEH WINDOWS WITH TGT ON

SEAT OF CAR, 55GAL DRUMS, PROPANE BTLS, 1/8” – ¼” STEEL BARRIER

79 8079 80

MWB LOAD AND STANDOFFS

SIZE (liter) LOAD VEL (ft/sec) STAND OFF TARGET 0.5/C-4 1,525-1,864

Target

10,000 ft lbs

6”

1”- 6”

NG DYNAMITE

GENERAL DISRUPTION OF SML IED, BRIEF CASE,

CARDBOARD BOX, 1.5/C-4 1,085-1,326

Target

18,667 ft lbs

6”

1”- 6”

NG DYNAMITE

GENERAL DISRUPTION OF MED IED,

SOFT & HARD SUITCASES, FOOT

LOCKER 2.66/C-4 844-1,032

Target

18,667 ft lbs

6”

1”- 6”

NG DYNAMITE

GENERAL DISRUPTION OF LARGE IED, SOFT & HARD

SUITCASES, FOOT LOCKER,

0.5/4.5”of 200gr/ft 5.36gr total

(MN33)

720-880

Target 3,000 ft lbs 6,000 ft lbs

4”

1”- 6”

NG DYNAMITE

GENERAL DISRUPTION OF SML IED, BRIEF CASE,

CARDBOARD BOX, 1.5/ 8.875” of 200gr/ft

10.09gr total (MN33)

540-660

Target 5,467 ft lbs 12,000 ft lbs

4”

1”- 6”

NG DYNAMITE

GENERAL DISRUPTION OF MED IED,

SOFT & HARD SUITCASES, FOOT

LOCKER 2.66/ 8.875” of

200gr/ft 10.09gr total

(MN33)

420-514

Target 5,533 ft lbs 12,000 ft lbs

4”

1”- 6”

NG DYNAMITE

GENERAL DISRUPTION OF LARGE IED, SOFT & HARD

SUITCASES, FOOT LOCKER,

WARNING: MWB’s containing more than 200 grains per foot, unless appropriately spaced (> 6 inches), will cause detonation of NG dynamites. Bottles containing 200 grains per foot will cause detonation of NG dynamites if the standoff distance is less than four inches and/or if the detonator is not correctly positioned within the water bottle. During render safe procedures, always prepare for the possibility of the disruptive system functioning the IED.

VULCAN

PROJECTILE LOAD STAND-OFF PREFORATION OF STEEL

COPPER EFP 20 g 300mm 10mm 30g 300mm 15mm 50g 2,400mm 10mm 50g 5,500mm 5mm ALUMINUM EFP 50g 2,400mm 5mm PLASTIC/WATER CONE

10g 70mm 4mm

15g 70mm 8mm 20g 70mm 12mm NOZZLE W/ WATER

10g 0 5mm

NOZZLE W/ COPPER EFP

50g 0 15mm

COPPER JET- FORMING CONE

10g 100mm 20mm

20g 100mm 40mm 30g 100mm 60mm 40g 100mm 70mm 50g 100mm 90mm 50g 200mm 40mm 50g 500mm 20mm

Explosives Measuring Tool equals 20 grams +/- 2%when consolidated and leveled off. Note: Loads smaller than 5 grams are not recommended.

Water Jacket used to increase the penetration of any of the projectiles without increasing the explosive load. It also suppresses the blast and flame of the explosion.

Copper EFP loaded painted side out, produces neat holes and shattering of brittle material. Range several meters.

Aluminum EFP loaded with painted side out, produces neat holes. Range of several meters. Similar to copper EFP but with less ricochet or long range hazard.

Copper Jet-Forming Cone used for piercing narrow holes in steel, concrete or any other hard materials. A stand off of 100mm is recommended.

Nozzle limits projectile impact to a very restricted zone and greatly facilitates aiming with pin-point accuracy.

81 8281 82

BOOT BANGER

Half Load: Approximately 53 feet of 50grain/foot det cord. Starting at 15th groove apply first strand of det cord

leaving a 20 inch pig tail for priming loop. Zip tie/tape first strand in place.

Continue wrapping det cord in next successive groove on either side of centerline making an oblong spiral. All strands should be parallel and in contact with charge former.

Cut non-pigtail end flush with charge former and secure in place.

Place water bladder in charge former with cap sticking out through det cord at one end.

Full Load: Same as Half Load except use 106 feet of 50grain/foot det cord.

Put two wraps of det cord per groove. Pass both ends of det cord through hole before proceeding with wraps.

Deta Sheet: Cover convex side of charge former with Deta Sheet (.043, .083, .125 inch)

Measure and cut 36 inches of 50 grain/foot Det cord and put a double overhand knot in one end and a second double overhand knot 7.5 inches from edge on top centerline and secure.

Finishing Touches:

Place water bladder on concave side of charge shaper with red cap sticking out one end.

Place charge former with water bladder in the lid under zip ties with det cord/deta sheet facing up.

Pass Det cord tail through closest grommet. Fill bladder with water, removing as much air as possible. Close case and secure with plastic strap, duct tape or zip ties. Remove outside fill cap and fill with water. Rock back and

forth to remove as air as possible. Replace cap.

IND INCIDENT PROCEDURES 1) If notified of an IND threat, or if radiation is detected during a response

complete steps listed below: Immediately withdraw from area using same route used to enter. Contact local FBI Field Office, or FBI Washington, D.C. (202)

324-3006. Respond to incident site Refer to EODB 60A-1-1-1-2 to formulate any continued actions. Be prepared to assist DOD authorities in whatever means possible.

2) Determine Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) and Stay Times.

Save life - 100 R Save valuable property - 25 R Max quarterly dose - 3 R Max yearly dose - 5 R

Inverse Square Law: R2=R1• (D1/D2) ²

R1 =The dose rate at distance d1 R2 =The dose rate at distance d2 D1 =Distance where the initial reading was taken D2 =Distance CLOSER to the weapon where the Dose Rate is needed

Stay Time (ST) =

Permissible Dose (PD)

Dose Rate (DR)

3) Gather as much information as possible.

Check for and safe other explosive hazards Determine access route. Check for Alpha Attempt to centralize source of radiation X-Ray

83 8483 84

IM-269

1) Black ‘On’-Defaults to Total Dose (since reset) 2) Grey Dose Rate 0.00 R/h

3) Grey Max dose rate 000. R/h

4) Grey Cycles though programmed settings

Max Dose 5.00 R Max Dose Rate 49.9 R/h

Stay Time 240.m Max Variation 5.00 m R/h

Defaults to Total Dose 0.00 R 5) Black for 3 sec. then Grey Twice IDL

Grey to program Black to turn off Grey chooses digit, Black chooses number/scale

Hold Grey, Push Black to shift to next setting

Programmed settings appear in the same order as above. The last setting determines which measurements can be displayed.

HRM quick notes

Used to search and locate GAMMA/NUETRON radiation. Water proof to 66’. Unit may be reset as many times as needed. Once unit is maxed out a flashing 9 on the Gamma display indicates

12mr or greater. 12mr at 100’ or greater is bad. To search with the HRM move at a speed of 2 feet/sec or slower.

RADIOLGICAL INFORMATION A. PLUTONIUM 239, 241, PLUTONIUM COMPOUNDS PUO1 & (PUNO3)4, Neptunium 237, Americium 242, Californium 244, (20-5/20-7) respiratory protection 60-1 page 13 table 2-2) Plutonium weight_______________(20-7 table 4-1) HAZARD PRECAUTION Alpha, beta, gamma, low energy F.P.C. MCU-2P while x-ray. if involved in fire, possible smoke or airborne particles airborne particles. inhalation, exist or above 10,000 CPM. breaks in skin and ingestion no eating, drinking, smoking SCBA above 250,000. B. ENRICHED URANIUM 233, 235, 238 & URANIUM COMPOUNDS UF, UO2, UC (60-1) HAZARD PRECAUTION Alpha, beta, weak gamma, low energy F.P.C MCU-2P while x-ray if involved in fire, possible smoke or airborne particles airborne particles. Inhalation exist or alpha above 10,000 ingestion, breaks in skin. CPM. No eating, drinking or smoking, SCBA above 250,000 C. DEPLETED URANIUM (60-1) HAZARD PRECAUTION Heavy metal poisoning, alpha F.P.C. MCU-2P OR SCBA, no emitter, inhalation, ingestion, eating, drinking, or breaks in the skin, fallout. smoking. NOTE: Most below Radiation Sources come as 20 to 100 Curie (Ci) Sources 2. Common Industrial/Medical Radioactive Materials A. COBALT 60 HAZARD PRECAUTION Strong emitter of energetic gamma; MCU-2P, no eating, drinking Also beta emitter. Emits 14.7 r/hr or smoking per curie at one foot. 100 curie source produces 1470 r/hr. 5.3 year half life. Used as a 1.1 MEV x-ray source.

85 8685 86

B. IRIDIUM 192 HAZARD PRECAUTION Strong emitter of moderate gamma; MCU-2P, no eating, drinking also beta emitter. Emits 5.9 r/hr or smoking per curie (Ci). 74-Day half-life. C. CESIUM 137 HAZARD PRECAUTION Moderate emitter of moderate gamma; MCU-2P, no eating, drinking also beta emitter. Emits 3.4 r/hr or smoking per curie (Ci) at one foot. 30 year half-life. D. IODINE 131 HAZARD PRECAUTION Strong emitter of moderate gamma; MCU-2P, no eating, drinking also beta emitter. or smoking E. RADIUM 226 HAZARD PRECAUTION Alpha emitter with weak gamma; MCU-2P, no eating, drinking highly radioactive after or smoking inhalation, ingestion. F. AMERICIUM 241 HAZARD PRECAUTION Alpha emitter with weak gamma; MCU-2P, no eating, drinking Highly radioactive after or smoking inhalation, ingestion. 3. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE (MPE) Save life - 100 R Save valuable property - 25 R Max quarterly dose - 3 R Max yearly dose - 5 R - LD50 (lethal dose 50 %) for human is 450 R untreated/650 R treated -1000 R will usually bring incapacitation 2-4 hours, death in 1-2 weeks -5000 R will usually bring immediate incapacitation, death in 1-2 days

4. Alpha Contamination NON-PENTRATING MODE OF ENTRY INTO THE BODY IS INHALATION OR ABSORPTION PROTECTION IF COVERED EXTREMITIES AND HFR M 45 / MCU 2P Mask Cover exposed skin SCBA as required for situation encountered Remove contaminated clothing / equipment Move up wind Decontamination is for hazardous materials only 5. Gamma Radiation VERY PENETRATING PPE WILL NOT PROTECT YOU FROM WAVE LIKE RADIATION PROTECTION COMES FROM TIME, DISTANCE, SHIELDING To reduce exposure to Gamma Radiation, REDUCE TIME near the PC, INCREASE DISTANCE from the PC (at twice the distance, you get 1/4 the radiation) or use SHIELDING (50% reduction in radiation received by 2.4” concrete or 1” of steel). 6. Neutron Radiation Extremely Penetrating IS ONLY PRESENT DURING INITIAL BURST (first minute) 7. Beta Particle MODERATE PENETRATION IN THE SKIN PROTECTION IS THE SAME AS FOR ALPHA 8. System International (SI) Units

One Gray (Gy) = 100 rad One sievert (Sv) = 100 REM One becquerel (Bq) = 2.7 10-11 curie (Ci) = one disintegration per second One rad = One centigray (cGy) = 1 x 10-2 (Gy) One rem = One centisievert) (cSv) = 1 x 10-2 sievert (Sv) One curie = 3.7 x 1010 bequerel (Bq)

87 8887 88

FLUKE/CURRENT PROBE OPERATION

Fluke Testing Fuses:

Turn Fluke on by placing switch in the Ohms position. Plug black lead in A port, put other end in the V port, observe meter for

deflection. Plug black lead in mA port, put other end in V port, observe meter for

deflection. If deflection was observed in both tests the meter is ready for use. Current Probe:

1. Place black in COM and red in V. 2. Turn meter to mV. 3. Turn current probe on. 4. Zero current probe by turning dial on probe until meter reads zero. 5. Put current probe up to wire to be read and push REL, the meter

should zero. 6. Place clamp over wire, placing wire in channel on clamp. 7. If meter reads above .3mV, positive or negative, the wire has

current. NOTE: Ensure arrow is in same direction for all tests. 8. For each wire to be checked, turn the REL function off and redo

steps 4 thru 7. 9. Turn both meter and probe off when not in use.

In Line Check: Note: Use lead wires that have alligator clips and have jump wire ready for use.

1. Place black lead in COM and red lead in mA. 2. Turn meter to mA. 3. Carefully strip a section of wire about 3 inches. 4. Clip black and red leads on striped section of wire with room to cut

between leads. 5. If meter indicates current then jump wire and cut, if meter indicates no

current then the wire is dead, cut wire.

Circuit Analysis/Commit Times

___1. Identify components by visual or x-ray inspection. ___a. Batteries: size ____ Quantity _____ resistance____ size ____ Quantity _____ resistance____ ___b. Capacitors: Quantity ____ resistance____ ___c. Blasting Caps: Quantity ___ resistance____ ___d. Switches (foil, photo, relay, etc) resistance____ ___e. Wire or other _____________________ resistance____ ___f. Hidden components _________________ resistance____ ___g. Main Charge identified ___________________________ ___2. Draw circuit and label Volts and Resistance:

___3. Component Voltage and Resistance norms: a. Capacitor, 0 ohms b. 12 Sealed Lead Acid, 12 volts, 0.2 ohms c. 9 V Alkaline, 9 volts, 1 ohm d. 9 V Zinc Carbon, 9 volts, 18 ohms e. 6 V Dry cell, 6 volts, 1 ohm f. C cell, 1.5 volts, 0.3 ohms g. D cell, 1.5 volts, 0.25 ohms h. AA cell, 1.5 volts, 0.25 ohms i. Blasting Cap, 2 ohms (M-6 Det temp 300C, No Fire .1 Amp, All Fire .5 Amp) j. 18 Gauge Wire, 6-10 ohms per 1,000 feet ___4. Identify type of circuit: Series/Parallel (with equal legs)/Parallel (with unequal legs) .

89 9089 90

__5. Compute circuit Resistance. (R) ___a. For Series resistance: Rt (total) = R1 + R2 + R3… Rt____ = R1___ + R2___ + R3___ + R4___ +R5___ ___b. For Parallel circuit with each leg equal in resistance: Rt = RL (resistance of one leg)/NL (number of legs) Rt ___ = RL ___ / NL ___

___c. For Parallel circuit with each leg not equal in resistance: Rt= ____1_____ 1 + 1 + 1 R1 R2 R3 Rt___ = __________1_____________ 1 + 1 + 1 R1 ___ R2 ___ R3 ___

___6. Compute circuit Voltage. (V) ___a. If there is only one power source, that is your circuit voltage. V = ____ ___b. If there is multiple power sources in series, add the voltages together: Vt = V1 + V2 (18 = 9 + 9) Vt___ = V1 ___ + V2___ ___c. If there is multiple power sources in parallel, use the voltage of one leg. V = _____ ___7. Compute Current (I or Amps). Volts V = I x R Amps I = V / R V ___ / R ___ = I ____ Ohms R = V / I

___8. Compute Commit Time from enclosed chart.

a. Read across bottom of chart to circuit amps. Read up to the 5% line. Read left to find your commit time.

CT = __________ ___9. Subtract Battery Kill Time (TB). Nominally 100 microseconds (.000100 for 6V lantern battery) TB_________ = CT __________ - .000100 ___10. Add Switch Motor Time (TM). Membrane Switch 1 to 10 microseconds .000001 Vibratory Switch 250 micro to 2 milliseconds .000250 SCR or Photocell 1 microsecond .000001 Electromechanical Relay 1 to 5 milliseconds .001000 M5 Mousetrap 5 to 7 milliseconds .005000 Mouse trap/Rat trap 10 to 20 milliseconds .010000 T ______ = TB ______ + TM _________ ___9. Compute Distance of shot. The distance from the skin of the target to the actual component being shot. Measure to nearest inch. One inch equals .083 feet. D = __________ __D__ ___10. Compute required tool velocity. V x T Distance D=VxT Velocity V=D/T Time T=D/V V _____ = D ____ / T ____________ ___11. Select Tool

91 9291 92

Tf = Te + Tt Tf = function time Te = time it takes to deliver the firing energy & start a burning reaction Tt = transit time, time it takes from start of burning until breakout at the end of the initiator I = V/(Rc + Rb) I = current that will pass thru the initiator V = volts of power supply Rc = resistance of power source, circuit wire, firing lead & initiator leg wires Rb = resistance of bridgewire E = I2xRbxTe E = energy in joules I2 = current individual initiator will see, squared Rb = resistance of bridgewire Te = time it takes to deliver the firing energy & start a burning reaction

Distance Time Speed 2’ .002000 1000 ft/sec 2’ .001000 2000 ft/sec 2’ .000500 4000 ft/sec 2’ .000250 8000 ft/sec 2’ .000125 16000 ft/sec 2’ .000063 32000 ft/sec 1’ .002000 500 ft/sec 1’ .001000 1000 ft/sec 1’ .000500 2000 ft/sec 1’ .000250 4000 ft/sec 1’ .000125 8000 ft/sec 1’ .000063 16000 ft/sec

.5’ .002000 250 ft/sec .5’ .001000 500 ft/sec .5’ .000500 1000 ft/sec .5’ .000250 2000 ft/sec .5’ .000125 4000 ft/se

DIRECT ACTION FORCES BRIEF Briefing Order: 1. Commander 2. Intel 3. Commander 4. S/O Team Leader 5. Assault Force Leader 6. Assault Force Sergeant 7. Marine Security Element (MSE) 8. EOD 9. CCT 10. PJ/Medic 11. Communications Sergeant 12. Company Sergeant Major 13. Commander Warning: This brief may have to be sanitized for host nation personnel/non read-in personnel (ie. code words omitted and some EOD tool sets omitted). Good evening. I am (NAME)________ , the EOD team Leader. I have _________ other EOD Tech (s) _____(NAME)____, who will be located with _____, and I will be with _______. We will be responsible for responding to Booby Traps and Improvised Explosive Devices (IED’s) that impede the assault, Hostages with devices Attached and or Suicide Bombers. The EOD threat assessment for this target is: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (basic booby traps, tripwires, suicide bombers, devices incorporating timers, command detonation (hard wire or radio controlled), and victim operated devices such as tilt, tremblers, anti lift, anti opening, photocells, collapsing circuits, and Intrusion Detection Systems using PIR, AIR, Microwave, Acoustic, Magnetic, Glass Break, Capacitance, etc. WMD is / is not expected to be encountered on this target. Special equipment we will be carrying is the Citadel, classified SECRET, a jamming device to defeat radio controlled IED’s incorporating pagers, cell phones or radio controlled airplane components. Prior to use Phoenix 1 will be notified. It can potentially jam Intra Team radio communications if one of the assaulters is in close proximity (10’) of the device, or you are talking to someone on the opposite side of the

Military M-6 Cap 5% 50% 95% 5% 1.98 Rb .0036 J 1- .001818 .002667 .004074 50% 1.80 Rb .0048 J 2- .000455 .000667 .001019 95% 1.62 Rb .0066 J 3- .000202 .000296 .000453 4- .000114 .000167 .000255 5- .000073 .000107 .000163 6- .000051 .000074 .000113 7- .000037 .000054 .000083 8- .000028 .000042 .000064 9- .000022 .000033 .000050 10- .000018 .000027 .000041

93 9493 94

device. If loss of communications, move farther away from the device and or relay thru stacks, as on a ship, if required. Other special equipment we will be carrying is(as applicable): Mini-MIRA, Ranger, GN-2b, GN-4, Six Pack or In Field Unit, HRM, Pager S, LHT, MK 7, APD 2000, Bio Sampling Kit, ADM-300 Multi Function Radiac, SFAI, UCP, Drager, SOF CAD, CB Extraction Tool, Video Probe, Thermal Imager, other: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Code word for an IED or booby-trap is BOSCO and for an immediate withdrawal from the target is Landslide. If a timer is seen and 5 minutes or less is remaining, call Landslide. Timers can be count down timer, Show actual time of day or hidden. Ordnance Safety Precautions: Timed Device - One man maintain visual on timer (may be a count down timer or a clock showing time of day) until EOD arrives. Once EOD arrives, we need 1/2 assaulters to provide security over watch, preferable from 10’ if possible and at the doorway. Trip Wires - If you can safely navigate around, drop a red chem light & go around, if you can’t, drop a red chem light, post one man to avoid other assaulters from tripping the booby trap. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) - Don’t transmit radio’s within the following distances of IED’s: MBTR/MX-300 8 Meters Satcom 18 Meters HF (whip Ant) 153 Meters HF (Dipole) 488 Meters

White Light - Avoid using white light (battery powered light of any color) directly on an IED, especially at close range, even if you have used tac lights on your weapons while clearing the room. If it is necessary to recon the IED, do so wearing NVG’s, until EOD is on site. Fragmentation/Blast Overpressure and Security - Leave two shooters to provide security, unless space is confined, then leave one shooter. Provide security from a standoff distance of 10’. If an IED looks the size of 5 lbs of C-4 (4 sticks), evacuate all others if possible to a distance of 30 ft and two solids walls back. If an IED looks the size of up to

40 lbs C-4 (two satchels of C-4), evacuate everyone else 60 ft and two solid walls back. Alarm Systems: Manned Target - If outside of Primary Breach Point is protected move to Alternate Breach Point. If a system is immediately inside the Breach Point, the Breach should set it off. Stairwells & Breaking Corners or suspect rooms, bang prior to entering (similar to trenches/stairwells) & give a couple of seconds, then bang again and charge in. The threat is the system will fire an improvised Claymore. A delay is desirable to give the system a chance to alarm and function the penalty (claymore). The second bang is to startle the bad guy, no delay and charge in. If it sounds an alarm, ignore it and charge in. When and if required the siren can later be eliminated. Gig is up once the first breach goes, siren is only a nuisance at that point. Banging prior to entering should set off Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors, the most common type. Alarm Systems: Unmanned Target/Suicide Manned Target/WMD Target - Consider using a Surreptitious Entry Technique/EOD up front (soft entry) as any violation of the system may set off the WMD or a very large conventional explosive IED (entrapment type device) that could eliminate the entire assault force. Ask yourself who is the target, what is the threat assessment, could it be the assault force. Suicide Bomber - If the IED has 5 sticks of dynamite or 2 lbs of C-4, the PC and all assaulters need to be 10’ or more from the suicide bomber, and then shoot him, expecting a high order detonation. Inside 10’ your best bet is to use crisis management verbiage to calm him down and try to get him to (unknowingly) move 10’ from the PC and all assaulters, then shoot him expecting a high order detonation. If unsuccessful, try to gain positive control of his bomb trigger and maintain it until EOD arrives. For 10 sticks of dynamite or 4 lbs of C-4 use 15’ and for 20 sticks or 8 lbs use 18’. We are prepared to deal with the above threats. That concludes my brief. Subject to your questions, I will be followed by CCT, the Combat Control Team Sergeant.

95 96

General first aid Signs and symptoms of shock -Examine the casualty for any of the following signs or symptoms:

Sweaty but cool skin Pale skin Restlessness, nervousness Thirst Loss of blood (caused by internal or external bleeding) Confusion or loss of awareness Faster than normal breathing rate Blotchy or bluish skin (especially around the lips) Nausea and vomiting

-Position the casualty. -Move the casualty to cover if situation permits. -Lay casualty on his or her back. NOTE: Some casualties who may be in shock after suffering a heart, chest wound or breathing distress may breathe easier in a sitting position. If this is the case , allow them to sit upright, but monitor their condition carefully. -Elevate the casualty’s feet higher than the level of the heart. CAUTION- Check casualty for leg fracture(s); splint before elevating. -Loosen clothing at the neck, waist or wherever it may be binding. -Prevent chilling or overheating. -Calm the casualty. The Three Types of Bleeding

Arterial bleeding is characterized by the flow of bright red blood (due to oxygen content) that pumps out in distinct spurts. Severe arterial bleeding could cause a victim to bleed to death in two to three minutes.

Venous bleeding is characterized by a flow of dark red or maroon-colored blood. Although venal bleeding may be profuse, it is much easier to control than arterial bleeding.

Capillary bleeding is characterized by the slow oozing of blood, usually from minor wounds. Because of the large amount of surface area that may be involved, the threat of contamination may be more serious than blood loss.

The Three Methods to Control External Bleeding b. Mild bleeding may be controlled by both elevating the wound

and by the application of direct pressure. Apply pressure to the wound using a sterile dressing. Do not attempt to replace a dressing once it is held in place even though it may become blood-soaked. Rather than replacing the dressing, place another one on top of the soaked dressing and hold them in place.

c. Serious bleeding. Use a combination of one or more of the following treatments.

Direct pressure on the wound. Pressure points Tourniquet. Used only as a last resort to control life

threatening bleeding that cannot be controlled by any other means.

General Principles of Emergency Care for Open Wounds Open wounds are usually categorized as puncture wounds, abrasions, lacerations or incisions. An impaled object is an object in an area that has not been extracted. If this is the case, it is important to remember not to extract the object and to immobilize the object so that it will not cause further damage. Otherwise, all open wounds should be treated in accordance with the following principles:

a) Control the bleeding b) Prevent contamination c) Immobilize and elevate

Internal Bleeding. Do not be misled into thinking that internal bleeding occurs only in abdominal and chest cavity injuries. A casualty can lose one to three pints of blood, internally, from a broken femur or pelvis. A casualty can actually bleed to death without externally losin a drop of blood.

a) Symptoms include: Rapid and weak pulse Pale, moist and cold skin Shallow and rapid respiration Thirst Dilated pupils Coughing up dark red blood the color of coffee

grounds. Stiff abdominal muscles

b) Treatment: Treat for shock Give nothing by mouth Evacuate as soon as possible

97 98

HEAT CASUALTIES HEAT CRAMPS Symptoms: Painful cramps and/or spasms in muscles of the abdomen, legs, and

arms, as a result of excessive sweating. Treatment: Move victim to cool area and message cramps. Give plenty of

water treated with one teaspoon of salt per quart of water. If cramps do not pass or become more severe, other symptoms may follow and the victim should be treated as a “heat Exhaustion” casualty.

HEAT EXHAUSTION: Symptoms: Cold, gray skin. Moist and clammy, may have “goose bumps”. Dilated pupils, weak pulse. Breathing will be rapid and shallow. Body temperature may be below normal.

Treatment: Treat for shock, lay victim down with feet elevated. Loosen or

remove protective clothing. Cool victim with wet cloths, but do not allow them to become chilled. Allow the victim to drink a solution of cool water mixed with one teaspoon of salt per quart. Evacuate for medical treatment.

HEAT STROKE: Symptoms: Headache, nausea, dizziness, and weakness. Breathing will be

deep and rapid initially then become shallow, almost absent. Skin will be flushed and very hot and dry, pupils will be constricted, pulse will be fast and strong.

Treatment: Heat stroke is life threatening, first aid should begin immediately.

Evacuate victim to coolest clean area and down-dress as fast as possible. Reduce body heat by dousing the body with cold water and cold wet towels to entire body. Place victim on back with head and shoulders slightly raised, place cold packs under arms, and at neck and groin. If conscious, give cool water to drink. Transport to medical for further treatment.

99 100

POC’s POC’s

POINTS OF CONTACT 1. OPREP 3 PINNACLE (FRONT BURNER) OR OPREP 3 NAVY BLUE: (Flash or Operational Immediate) ___b. CINCPACFLT DSN 315-471-8745/3201 COMM 808-471-8745/3201 ___d. NAVY COMMAND CENTER DSN 225-0231 (312 before 225 if calling from overseas) ___e. NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER: Joint Staff Washington DC//J3 NMCC// DSN 227-6340 (312 preceding only if 851-3840/725-3530 calling from overseas) COMM 703-521-6340/1014 ___f. NMCC WASHINGTON SWITCH DROP 703-697-1201 EXT 1048/49/50/51 DSN 312-1048/1049/1050/1051 2. IND Reporting: (required only when a military service is first to become aware of a possible or confirmed IND incident) ___b. Dept of State (for DOS country reps go down to section 7) ___c. NATIONAL MILITARY COMMAND CENTER (NMCC): DSN 227-6340 (312 preceding only if calling from overseas) COMM 703-697-6340 ___e. NAVEODTECHCEN DSN 354-6800/6801 301-743-6800/6801 DTRG 301-744-6850 Fax 6847 ___f. EOD Group ONE (West of Rocky Mountains) DSN 577-0727/0729 619-437-0727/0729 ___g. EOD Group TWO (East of Rocky Mountains) DSN 680-8452/3 804-464-8452/3 3. Dept of Energy: ___a. Los Alamos National Labs, NM TA-18 diagnostics STU-III (505) 667-3346 detection STU-III (505) 665-4138 criticality NIS-6 Office (505) 667-483 ___b. Sandia Labs (505) 844-1021/4822 ___c. Livermore CA (415) 422-1100

5. Chemical/Biological Reporting: ___a. TECH ESCORT COMM: 410-436-2773 410-436-3044 DSN: 584-2773 (24hrs) Dougway Proving Grounds, UT DSN:789-5211 ___b. U. S. Army Operations Center 703-697-0218 DSN 227-0218 ___f. Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC) 1-800-424-9300 6. Intelligence Reporting: ___a. COMEODGRUONE Intell/OPS DSN 577-0727/0729 619-437-0727/0729 ___b. NAVEODTECHDIV STILO/FMA DSN 354-6806 comm 301-743-6806 24 HR 301-743-6800/1 8. FBI/FAA Reporting: ___a. FBI Bomb Data Center

SIPR ADDRESSES www.ismc.sgov.gov (Search Address)

- on search type US BUA/Click on (MS Power point) - (Multinational Force – Iraq BUA)

www.iraq.centcom.smil.mil (CEXC/MNC-I) www.dtra.smil.mil (DTRA)

www.ngic.army.smil.mil www.pass-h.pacom.smil.mil www.dia.smil.mil

www.naveodtechdiv.jeodnet.smil.mil

101 102

101 102

POC’s POC’s

OPAREA POINTS OF CONTACT SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/_________________ SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/_________________ SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/_________________ SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/_________________ SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/_________________

OPAREA POINTS OF CONTACT SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/_________________ SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/_________________ SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/_________________ SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/________________ SERVICE PROVIDED_____________________________________ UNIT____________________________PH#____________________ FREQ/CALL SIGN______________________/_________________

103 104 103

RECON WORKSHEET

SAFETIES:

**WAIT TIME**

CHEM HE FRAG EMR

STATIC JET EJECTION PEIZO ELE

COCKED STRIKER

BOOBYTRAP WP/FIRE MOVEMENT

ACOUSTIC/ SEISMIC

VT/TDD CLOCKWORK MAGNETIC

___ 1. Condition of Fuzing:

Nose: (Armed / Unarmed)

Tail: (Armed /Unarmed)

___ 2. Construction material: ___ 3. Condition of weapon: ___ 4. Any visible fumes or strange smells? (yes / no) (Describe)

___ 5. Any visible leaks? (yes / no)

Location of Leak(s):

___ 6. Nomenclature:

___ 7. Draw picture with dimensions (Use back of sheet): Length Width Height Diameter_______ (DRAWING)

105 106 105

BT1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00

3:57 1' 6 1/4" 3' 1/2" 4' 6 3/4" 6' 7/8" 7' 7 1/8" 9' 1 3/8" 10' 7 3/4" 12' 1 7/8"3:58 1' 6 1/8" 3' 1/4" 4' 6 1/2" 6' 3/4" 7' 6 5/8" 9' 7/8" 10' 7" 12' 1 1/4"3:59 1' 6 1/8" 3' 1/8" 4' 6 1/4" 6' 1/4" 7' 6 3/8" 9' 1/2" 10' 6 1/2" 12' 3/4"4:00 1' 6" 3' 4' 6" 6' 7' 6" 9' 10' 6" 12'4:01 1' 5 7/8" 2' 11 7/8" 4' 5 5/8" 5' 11 5/8" 7' 5 3/4" 8' 11 1/2" 10' 5 1/2" 11' 11 3/8"4:02 1' 5 7/8" 2' 11 5/8" 4' 5 1/2" 5' 11 3/8" 7' 5 1/4" 8' 11 1/8" 10' 5" 11' 10 5/8"4:03 1' 5 5/8" 2' 11 1/2" 4' 5 3/8" 5' 11 1/8" 7' 4 7/8" 8' 10 3/4" 10' 4 1/2" 11' 10 1/4"

9:00 10:00 15:00 20:00 M 30:00M3:57 13' 8" 15' 2 1/4" 22' 9 3/8" 30' 4 1/2" 45' 6 6/8" :1=60 :2=120 :3=1803:58 13' 7 3/8" 15' 1 1/2" 22' 8 1/4" 30' 3" 45' 4 1/2" :4=240 :5=300 :6=3603:59 13' 6 3/4" 15' 5/8" 22' 7 1/8" 30' 1 1/2" 45' 2 1/4" :7=420 :8=480 :9=5404:00 13' 6" 15' 22' 6" 30' 45' :10=600 :15=900 :20=12004:01 13' 5 3/8" 14' 11 1/4" 22' 4 7/8" 29' 10 1/2" 44' 9 5/8" :30=1800 :40=2400 :50=30004:02 13' 4 3/4" 14' 10 1/2" 22' 3 5/8" 29' 9" 45' 7 1/2" :60=36004:03 13' 4" 14' 9 5/8" 22' 2 3/4" 29' 7 1/2" 44' 5 3/8"

EXAMPLE CALCULATION FOR A 3:58 BT AND A 5:00 SST

BURN RATE IN SECONDS= 238. NOW DIVIDE 238 BY 6 (FOR 6' TEST BURN) =39.66.SST IN SECONDS(5X60)=300. NOW DIVIDE 300 BY 39.66 = 7.56.7 IS YOUR LENGTH IN FEET. NOW MULTIPLY .56 BY 12( TO FIND INCHES) = 6.726 IS YOUR LENGTH IN INCHES. NOW MULTIPLY .72 BY 8( TO FIND 1/8 INCHES) = 5.76NOW DROP THE .76 AND YOU HAVE 5, AS IN 5/8'S

ANSWER IS 7' 6 5/8"

SST WORK SHEET

BT=

BR=

SST=

LENGTH OF FUZE=

LENGTH NEEDED FOR SST GIVEN

SST IN SECONDS

107 108