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10th Monitoring Network Meeting, 10th – 12th June 2015
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Session 3: Permit Requirements under the Three Objectives
of Conformance, Containment and Contingency
Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution
and Maritime Disaster for Offshore
CO2 Storage in Japan
Jun Kita
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Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project
Tomakomai City
Tomakomai
• Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry (METI)
• Japan CCS Co., Ltd.
http://www.japanccs.com
• 100,000 tonnes/year or more
CO2 is to be stored under the
seabed.
• CO2 injection will start in 2016
and continued to 2018.
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Nagaoka
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Regulation for EIA of offshore CO2 storage in JAPAN
Offshore CO2 storage and London Protocol
London Protocol
• London Convention: An agreement to control pollution
of the sea by dumping.
• 1996 Protocol: The Parties are obligated to prohibit the
dumping of any waste or other matter that is not listed in
Annex 1 (the reverse list).
• Adopted on 2006: Carbon dioxide streams may only be
considered for dumping, if disposal is into a sub-seabed
geological Formation”
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Regulation for EIA of offshore CO2 storage in JAPAN
Act for the Prevention of Marine Pollution and
Maritime Disasters
• May 2007: The act was amended for permit procedure
on dumping CO2 stream into sub-seabed formation.
Operator of Offshore CO2 storage,
• Shall receive permission from environment minister.
• Shall implement Environmental Impact Assessment.
• Shall monitor surrounding sea environment.4
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Permit application of Offshore CO2 storage in the Act
• Project plan
• Monitoring Plan
• Preliminary Assessment Document
“Estimation of CO2 dispersion and its impact
assessment on the assumption that stored CO2 leaks
out to the sea”
Demonstration Project
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Generic criteria for monitoring
• Conformance
Agreement between observed and predicted
behavior of CO2
• Containment
Proving storage performance in terms of security of
CO2 retention
• Contingency
In terms of leakage quantification and
environmental impacts
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Monitoring requirements in the Act
Conformance
• Characteristic features of CO2 stream*
• Waste quantity*
• Injection pressure/rate*, Pore pressure
Containment
• CO2 distribution in reservoir**
Contingency
• CO2 leakage into marine environment**
* Injection phase only
** Large-scale monitoring
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Conformance
• Characteristic features of CO2 stream
CO2 concentration and impurities
• Waste quantity
Actual achievement at injection facility
• Injection pressure/rate, Pore pressure
Injection/observation well, Simulation
Containment
• CO2 distribution in reservoir
Seismic prospecting, Simulation
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Contingency
• Marine environment
CO2 leakage
Comparing data between baseline and after-the-fact
• Chemical aspect
CO2 concentration in seawater
• Biological aspect
Distribution of marine organisms
Ecosystem
• Maritime aspect
Fisheries, Natural reserve
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Tiered Monitoring Plan in the Act
• Normal time monitoring
No indication of leakage
Distinguish leakage signal from natural variability
• Suspicious time monitoring
Possible leakage
Confirm existence or non-existence of leakage
• Abnormal time monitoring
Assured leakage
Determine point and extent of leakage and impact
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Summary
• Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime
Disaster stipulate permit application of Offshore CO2
storage in Japan
• Monitoring for conformance and containment can be
achieved by BAT
• Monitoring of CO2 leakage is the major concern
• Tiered approach for leakage detection is required
• Leakage detection and quantification bear technical
improvements
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Thank you for your attention.
Any questions?