acn file

Q1) Execute basic networking commands.1) Ping-: Ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.

2) Ipconfig-: In computing, ipconfig (internet protocol configuration) in Microsoft Windows is a console application that displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and can modify Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP and Domain Name System DNS settings.

3) Tracert-: In computing, traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

4) Netstat-: In computing, netstat (network statistics) is a command-line tool that displays network connections for the Transmission Control Protocol (both incoming and outgoing), routing tables, and a number of network interface (network interface controller or software-defined network interface) and network protocol statistics.

5) Arp-: The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a telecommunication protocol used for resolution of network layer addresses into link layer addresses, a critical function in multiple-access networks.

Q2) Find current lab settings.1. Workstation name2. Operating System3. Version4. CPU type5. Amount of RAM6. Display setting7. Network update setting8. Browser version9. TCP/IP setting

Q 4) Basics about anonymous file transfer programs

Q.5. To view your ARP table.

Q.6. Introduction to Interface configuration

Q3) Icons for computer diagram(Take minimum 5 devices).(1) Switch-: A switch is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer network, by using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the destination device. A network switch forwards data only to one or multiple devices that need to receive it, rather than broadcasting the same data out of each of its ports. A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses hardware addresses to process and forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches can also process data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating routing functionality that most commonly uses IP addresses to perform packet forwarding; such switches are commonly known as layer-3 switches or multilayer switches. (2) Router-: A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. This creates an overlay internetwork. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router to another through the networks that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its destination node. (3) Hubs-: A hub is the most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together. Unlike a network switch or router, a network hub has no routing tables or intelligence on where to send information and broadcasts all network data across each connection. Most hubs can detect basic network errors such as collisions, but having all information broadcast to multiple ports can be a security risk and cause bottlenecks. In the past network hubs were popular because they were much cheaper than a switch and router, but today most switches do not cost much more than a hub and are a much better solution for any network. (4) Gateways-: A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that use different base protocols. A network gateway can be implemented completely in software, completely in hardware, or as a combination of both. Depending on the types of protocols they support, network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model.

(5) Bridge-: A bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments within one logical network (e.g. a single IP-subnet). A bridge is usually placed between two separate groups of computers that talk with each other, but not that much with the computers in the other group. A bridge device filters data traffic at a network boundary. Bridges reduce the amount of traffic on a local area network (LAN) by dividing it into two segments. Bridges operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges inspect incoming traffic and decide whether to forward or discard it.