ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - sinta.unud.ac.id

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like express my highest gratitude to the Almighty God Ida Sang

Hyang Widhi Wasa who gives me blessing and mercy to complete this study

entitled “The Analysis of Figurative Language in Linkin Park’s Song Lyrics” in

order to obtain Bachelor Degree at English Study Program, Faculty of Arts,

Udayana University.

I would like to present my sincere appreciation to the Dean of Faculty of

Arts Udayana University, Prof. Dr. Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha, M.A. The head of

English Department, Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M.Hum, and all the lectures for

the great knowledge and guidance, especially to my first supervisor, Dr. Ida Ayu

Made Puspani, M.Hum, and my second supervisor I Wayan Mulyawan, S.S.,

M.Hum. This study would not have been perfect without the support and help

from the both of my supervisors.

I would like to say my great thanks to my father, I Made Sudarya, and my

mother, Ida Ayu Nyoman Kencani who always gives me support and their love in

making this study. Also thanks to I Kadek Sanjaya and Putu Irvan Dipawangsa

who has given me many important advices for this study. Not forgetting also to all

my friends especially for those who belong to Class B at English Department for

many lovely experiences that we can support, share each other, and struggling

together for almost four years right from the beginning of the collage until this

time.

Finally, I would like to say thanks to everybody who has given their

concern to my study. Without them this study would not have been possible. This

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study is still far from perfection, but hopefully, this study will be useful for the

readers. Constructive suggestions and critics will be highly welcomed and

appreciated.

Denpasar, July 2017

Nyoman Triguna Aditya

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ABSTRACT

This study is entitled The Analysis of Figurative Language in Linkin Park’s

Song Lyrics. This paper is aimed to find out what are the types of figurative

language employed in Linkin Park’s song lyrics and to find out what are the types

of meaning employed in Linkin Park song lyrics.

There were five songs of Linkin Park chosen to be the source of data,

namely; Crawling, From The Inside, Burning In The Skies, Waiting For The End,

and Burn It Down. The data were collected using documentation method then

they were analyzed through qualitative and quantitative methods.

After the data were analyzed and discussed, it was found that there were

five kinds of figures of speech employed in all the five song lyrics; they were

Paradox, Personification, Metaphor, Hyperbole, and Simile. From all the types of

figurative language that were found, Metaphor is the most frequently used. In this

study also found four types of Meaning, they were Conceptual Meaning,

Connotative Meaning, Affective Meaning, and Collocative Meaning. From all the

types of meaning that were found, Conceptual Meaning is the most frequently

used. All the five songs which are analyzed here have the same main theme in

which they are about sadness caused by emotional conflicts whether within the

person himself or with the relation to other people.

Keywords: Figurative Language, Song Lyrics, Meaning

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................ i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. iii

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. vi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Problem of Study ........................................................................................ 3

1.3 Aim of Study ............................................................................................... 3

1.4 Scope of Study ............................................................................................ 4

1.5 Research Method ......................................................................................... 4

1.5.1 Data Source .................................................................................. 5

1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data .................................. 5

1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data .................................. 5

CHAPTER IILITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPT

AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK....................................................... 7

2.1 Review of Literature ................................................................................... 7

2.2 Concept ..................................................................................................... 11

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2.2.1 Figurative Language................................................................... 11

2.2.2 Meaning ..................................................................................... 12

2.3 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................. 13

2.3.1 Figurative Language................................................................... 13

2.3.1.1 Simile .......................................................................... 14

2.3.1.2 Metaphor ..................................................................... 14

2.3.1.3 Personification............................................................. 15

2.3.1.4 Synecdoche ................................................................. 15

2.3.1.5 Metonymy ................................................................... 15

2.3.1.6 Hyperbole .................................................................... 16

2.3.1.7 Irony ............................................................................ 16

2.3.1.8 Paradox ........................................................................ 16

2.3.1.9 Dead Metaphor ............................................................ 17

2.3.1.10 Allusion ..................................................................... 17

2.3.1 Meaning ..................................................................................... 17

2.3.2.1 Conceptual Meaning ................................................... 18

2.3.2.2 Connotative Meaning .................................................. 18

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2.3.2.3 Social Meaning............................................................ 19

2.3.2.4 Affective Meaning ...................................................... 20

2.3.2.5 Reflective Meaning ..................................................... 20

2.3.2.6 Collocative Meaning ................................................... 20

2.3.2.7 Thematic Meaning ...................................................... 21

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

IN LINKIN PARK’S SONG LYRICS ........................................................ 22

3.1 Preliminary ................................................................................................ 22

3.2 Types of Figurative Language in Linkin Park’s Song Lyrics ................... 24

3.2.1 Paradox ............................................................................................. 24

3.2.2 Personification.................................................................................. 26

3.2.3 Metaphor .......................................................................................... 28

3.2.4 Hyperbole ......................................................................................... 30

3.2.5 Simile ............................................................................................... 32

3.3 Types of Meaning in Linkin Park Song’s Lyrics ...................................... 33

3.3.1 Types of Meaning in “Crawling” Song Lyric ................................. 34

3.3.2 Types of Meaning in “From The Inside” Song Lyric ...................... 36

3.3.3 Types of Meaning in “Burning In The Skies” Song Lyric............... 40

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3.3.4 Types of Meaning in “Waiting For The End” Song Lyric ............... 42

3.3.5 Types of Meaning in “Burn It Down” Song Lyric ........................... 47

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION .................................................................... 51

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 52

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Language is the ability used by human to communicate one to another.

Through language, human can also express themselves in the form of literature.

Wellek and Warren (1963: 22) stated:

The term literature seems best if we limit it to the art of literature, that

is, to imaginative literature. Literature is also produced by imagination

of the author. Literature is not just a document of facts; it is not just the

collection of real events though it may happen in the real life.

Literature can create its own world as a product of the unlimited

imagination.

Furthermore, Klarer (2004:1) stated:

Literature is referred to as the entirety of written expression, with the

restriction that not every written document can be categorized as

literature in the more exact sense of the word.

From all the definitions above we can conclude that literature is all about the

human creation that has something to do with language in written form that has

aesthetic value. In other word, literature is the art of language; it means that a

literature is created to entertain people. Literature is personal expression based on

the experience, thought, feeling, faith, and imagination of a person. Literary work

can be in the form of prose, drama, and poetry.

Prose is a type of literary work that has no formal metrical structure with

ordinary grammatical structure that applies a natural flow of speech. Prose can be

in fiction or nonfiction. Any writings such as essays, biography, short stories, and

novels are types of prose writings. Drama is a mode of fictional representation

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through dialogue and performance. The performance usually depends on a script, or a

written version of a play that is read by the actors. Drama can be performed in

theatre, radio or television. Poetry is a piece of writing that expresses emotions,

experiences, and ideas, especially in short lines using figurative language and

sometimes with rhyme. It triggers the imaginative sense that gives a deeper

understanding to make the reader feel the same emotion with the writer. Poetry also

can be turned into a song which is called a Music Poetry that is usually performed in

theaters. It can be said that song is a poetry that is sung.

Most people nowadays are likely to define song as the part of music art, but in

fact song is also the part of literary work and closely related to poetry. In music

industry many songwriters use figurative languages in making their song lyrics just

the same way like making poetry. By using figurative language, the songwriter

conveyed the meaning with feeling that makes it sound special and beautiful, so the

people who listen to the song and read the lyric will have a deeper understanding

about the song because not only do they understand the song but also feel what the

song is about.

Creating song lyric is not an easy job. The songwriter needs imagination and

the knowledge about figurative language in creating song lyric in order to make the

audience interested with the song. One of the famous musicians who is well known

for using many figurative languages in its songs is an American rock band called

Linkin Park. Almost all of their songs lyrics are involving figurative languages in it.

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Linkin Park is one of the most successful band in the world with six studio album

having been released and sold over 50 million copies around the world.

Referring to the description above, the songs of Linkin Park was chosen as the

source of data due to many figurative languages are applied in their songs. It is

important to analyze more deeply about figurative language and the meaning in their

songs in order to know the way Linkin Park deliver the meaning through figurative

language in their songs.

1.2 Problem of the study

According to the background of the study in the preceding discussions

the following research problems were formulated to be as follow:

1. What kinds of figurative language are employed in Linkin Park’s song lyrics?

2. What kinds of meaning are employed in Linkin Park’s song lyrics?

1.3 Aim of the study

Based on the problems statement, the objective of the study was to get

descriptions about:

1. To find out what kinds of figurative language are employed in Linkin Park’s

song lyrics.

2. To find out what kinds of meaning are employed in Linkin Park’s song lyrics.

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1.4 Scope of the study

In a song lyric, there are many elements that support the meaning or message

conveyed to the listener, such as: figurative language, rhyme, rhythm, diction,

symbol, and imagery sense. However, in this paper, the discussion focused on the

types of figurative language implied in Linkin Park song lyrics, the meanings which

are expressed in their song lyrics, and function of figurative language in their song

lyrics.

1.5 Research Method

Research method is very important in doing a research because it will help the

readers to understand the aim of the research. Research method itself is the way to

explain how the work was conducted.

According to Hornby (2005:1290), research is a careful study of a subject,

especially in order to discover new facts or information about it. Since this study

attempted to discover the facts and information about figurative language, this study

is also considered as a research. Furthermore, he states that method is a particular

way of doing something (Hornby, 2005:963). So research method means the way of

doing such careful study to find the new fact or information.

Research method is divided into three parts, they are: data source, method and

technique of collecting data, and method and technique of analyzing data. This can be

further explained as follows.

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1.5.1 Data Source

In this study there are five songs of Linkin Park that became the source of

data to be analyzed, they are; Crawling, From The Inside, Burning In The Skies,

Waiting For The End, and Burn It Down. All the lyrics of these songs were taken

from the official website of Linkin Park (www.linkinpark.com). All these songs were

chosen because these songs are the most well-known songs in the whole Linkin

Park’s albums and all of these songs were charted to the top 100 songs in several

countries in the year they were released such as Billboard Hot 100 in America,

Australian Singles Chart, France Singles Top 100, and many others.

1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data

According to Arikunto (2006: 158) documentation method is searching and

collecting data on things in the form of notes, transcripts, books, newspapers,

magazines, notes, agenda and so on. The technique of collecting data was done

through several steps as follows:

1. Downloading the lyrics from the official website of Linkin Park

(www.linkinpark.com).

2. Reading and understanding the lyrics of the song.

3. Note taking of figurative language that were found in the lyrics.

1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data

In this study, qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to analyze the

data. Qualitative method was applied in order to analyze the data based on the

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theories that was applied to get a deeper understanding in regards to the problems. In

additions, in order to be able to identify the exact number of figurative languages,

quantitative method was used. The technique of analyzing data was done through

several steps as follows:

1. Describing the types of figurative languages that were found in the lyrics

based on the figurative language theory proposed by Knickerbocker and

Reninger and determines which kind of the figurative language that is

commonly used.

2. Describing the types of meaning that were found in the lyrics based on the

theory of meaning proposed by Leech and determines which kind of meaning

that is commonly used.