Acknowledgement

A STUDY ON LABOUR ABSENTEEISM

DONE AT SANGROSE LABORTARIES PVT. LTD.KALLIMEL, MAVELIKKARA

Submitted toAMRITA UNIVERSITY in the partial

Fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Submitted byPOOJA L, 5th semester BBM

AM.AR.U3BBM08054

Under the guidance of

RENJINI.S.NAIR

AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAMAMRITA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

AMRITAPURI CAMPUSClappana P O

Labour absenteeism in Sangrose Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd 1

DECLARATION

I, POOJA.L, hereby declare that the project report entitled “Labour absenteeism” is a bonafide record of work done by me during the year 2010-2011 under the supervision and guidance of Mis.Renjini.S.Nair, Lecturer of Amrita School of arts and science

PlaceDate POOJA.L


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Dr V. Krishna Kumar Principal (School of arts and science) and Bri Shobana HOD department of commerce, for permitting me to undergo this Project at Sangrose Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Mavelikara I am extremely thankful to Miss S. Sumathi who gave me guidance and suggestions for the preparation of this Project report .I extend my thanks to all the faculty members of department of business management, Amrita School of Arts & Science for their help and encouragement. My sincere thanks to Mr. Joseph, Administrative officer, Sangrose for having granted permission to do the Project and also for the help and support extended to me as a organizational guide.

Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to parents and friends who have helped me in completing the project successfully.

POOJA.L


LIST OF FIGURES

SL.NO.

CONTENT PAGENO.

5.1 Age of the employee at sangrose5.2 Male and Female employees at sangrose5.3 Since how many years you are working in this institution 5.4 How is the working condition at sangrose?5.5 How is the employee management relationship?5.6 How much is the average workload provided to you over here?5.7 In a month what is the average no. of days employees are absent?5.8 Reason for increasing absenteeism5.9 Common illness prevailing in this institution5.10 Effect of absenteeism on your long-term career5.11 Management Action5.12 Level of motivation for current job5.13 Workplace improvement helps them to be less absent5.14 How grievances are addressed5.15 Motivation to employees


LIST OF TABLES

SL.NO.

CONTENT PAGENO.

5.1 Age of the employee at sangrose5.2 Male and Female employees at sangrose5.3 Since how many years you are working in this institution 5.4 How is the working condition at sangrose?5.5 How is the employee management relationship?5.6 How much is the average workload provided to you over here?5.7 In a month what is the average no. of days employees are absent?5.8 Reason for increasing absenteeism5.9 Common illness prevailing in this institution5.10 Effect of absenteeism on your long-term career5.11 Management Action5.12 Level of motivation for current job5.13 Workplace improvement helps them to be less absent5.14 How grievances are addressed5.15 Motivation to employees


TABLE OF CONTENTS


SL.NO.

CHAPTER PARTICULERS PAGE NO.

1 Introduction a. The topic b.Reason for selection of this topic.c.Reason for the need of the topic for the company.d.Learning from the study

2 Organization Profile a. Industry Profile b. Company Profile

3 Research objectives andScope of research project

a. Problem definitionb.Objective of the research study

4 Research Methodology and Limitation

a. Research planb.Research designc.Sampling pland.Sample sizee.Data collection instrument developmentf.Research limitation

5 Data analysis, Interpretation And Presentation

a. Graphsb.Analysis and Interpretation

6 Findings,SugessionsAnd Conclusion

7 Limitations of the study8 Appendix9 Bibliography

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

a. The topic b. Reason for selection of this topic.c. Reason for the need of the topic for the company.d. Learning from the study


a. The topic: Labour Absenteeism

b. Reason for Selection of This Topic

During the undertaking of this project work, I came to notice the problem labour absenteeism in the company

c. Reasons for the need of the topic for the company

I got a first hand experience about the availability of the workers can badly affect the production sector of the company.

e. Learning from the study

Absenteeism is said to be there where an employee fails to come to work when he is scheduled to work. It is an important problem in many enterprises. Excessive absenteeism involves a considerable loss to the enterprise because work schedules are up set and delayed and management has to give overtime wages to meet the delivery dates.


CHAPTER 2

ORGANISATION PROFILE

a. Industry Profile b. Company Profile


INDUSTRY PROFILE

Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmacy is the art of preparing and dispensing medication and the provision of drug related information to the public. The modern Indian pharmaceutical industry is laids its foundation in the beginning of the previous of century in 1901, a small factory known as the “BENGAL CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL WORKS” was established in culcutta .India took some steps to strengthen its drug and pharmaceuticals field,after independence. Today India is in position to meet 70% of the countries requirements of drug and almost all the demands for foundation.

Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry today is in the front rank of India’s science based industries with wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology. A highly organized sector, the Indian Pharma industry is estimated to be worth dollar 4.5 billion, growing at about 8-9% annually. It ranks very high in the third world, in terms of technology, quality and range of medicines manufactured. From simple headache pills to sophisticated antibiotics and complex cardiax compounds, almost every type medicine is now made indigenously. Playing a key role in promoting and sustaining development in the vital field of medicines, Indian pharmaceutical industry boasts of quality producers and many units approved by regulatory authorities in USA and UK.International companies associated with this sector have stimulated, assisted and spearheaded this dynamic development in the past 53 years and helped to put India on the pharmaceutical map of the world.


The Indian pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented with more than 20,000 registered units. It has expanded drastically in the last two decades. The leading 250 pharmaceutical company’s controls 70% of the market with market leader holding nearly 7% of the market share. It is an extremely fragmented market with severe price competition and government price control.

The pharmaceutical industry in India needs around 70% percentage of the country’s demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals ,tablets,capsules,orals and injectibles.There are about 250 large units and about 8000 small scale units which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India[Including 5 central public sector units].These units produce the complete range of pharmaceutical formulations, that is, medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs,ie; chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical formulations.

Following the de-licensing of the pharmaceutical industry, industrial licensing for most of the drugs and pharmaceutical products has been done away with. Manufactures are free to produce any drug dually approved by the Drug Control Authority. Technologically strong and totally self relent, pharmaceutical industry in India has low cost of production, low R&D costs, innovative scientific, man power, strength of national laboratories and an increasing balance of trade. The pharmaceutical industry, with its rich scientific talents and research capabilities, supported by intellectual property protection regime is well set to take on the international market.


COMPANY PROFILE

FORMATION OF THE COMPANY

SANGROSE LABORTARIES PVT.LTD was incorporated in the year 1987 as a private limited company under the Indian companies’ act 1956. The company registers as a small scale industry with the main object of manufacturing basic drugs is located in the Industrial Estate; Kollukadavu in Vettiyar village Mavelikkara Taluk in the notified industrial backward district Alleppy in Kerala.The Company is having branch office in primary nagar Bombay. The commercial production of the basic drug‘CLOROFAZMINE’ was started in the year 1989 CLOFAZMINE is the main drug recommended big world health organization (WHO) for the treatment of leprosy under its multi drug therapy (MDT) and is also used for the treatment of T.B. and aids patients. SANGROSE LABORTARIES PVT .LTD is the only company in kerala manufacturing this drug and is the third in India. The other two being multinational competition is avoided by manufacturing the quality of the product. The Sangrose Labortaries Pvt. Ltd is ideally located in the kollukadavu Industrial estate, one of the oldest industrial estates of kerala in alleppy district. The company is eligible for all incentives offered by the state government like subsidy, sales tax exemption etc.The basic infrastructures required for the company is easily available at the industrial estate and the company does not envisage any difficulty in availing them. The factory is located near the river Achankovil. The quality and plenty of water at reasonable depth is very good. The industrial estate has its own water supply system. In addition to this the company has drug wells in the nearly private land in the possession of the company The industrial estate has well connection internal roads with access to the main road. The nearest railway station is just 5 km away and the national highway is 15 km away.

BUSINESS FOCUS


Tie ups is the mantra to success in this age of globalization “East meats West” as transnational companies reach out for synergistic partners to enhance their competitiveness in the global market. Company seek partners who have state of the art R&D, manufacturing facilities with excellent customer care. SANGROSE carters to all because it believes in value added support Sangrose is seeking partnership with pharma companies around the world by offering facilities for contract manufacturing of API and drug intermediates. Its growth is based on achieving excellence in bringing out therapeutically active products.

SUPPLIERS/ CLIENTS

The company sells its products to the local areas, also exports its product. There for SANGROSE have both local as well as international customers. Given below is the list of national level of customers

o NOVA MILLENIUM PHARMA, CHENNAIo ABL BIO TECHNOLOGIES, CHENNAIo NOUVEAU MEDICAM, CHENNAIo BENZOR PHARMA, COCHIN o HOUSE REMEDIES, TRICHUR

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK All over India

I.PRODUCT OR SERVICE THAT THEY PROVIDE

The Sangrose Laboratory is producing basic drugs and capsules of the licensed products as follows

1. CLOFAZMINE Basic drug manufacturing for the treatment of leprosy as recommended by W.H.O under its multi drug therapy is also for the treatment for TB and AIDS

2. CAPSULES

i. Vitamin A,D is used for dye and calcium form ii. Black/cumin seed oil

iii. Gloviteiv. Infidelities(for the treatment of high blood pressure)v. Cefoz

vi. Rejuvenvii. Paracetamol

viii. Painkillerix. Salbutamolx. Erythromycin

xi. Rantidine Tablet


QUALITY

Quality and efficiency are hallmark of the pharmaceutical industry. This concept forms the basic policy of sangrose laboratories Pvt Ltd to provide products of desired QUALITY which are uniform, pure and therapeutically effective. Quality plays a vital role in Sangrose because majority of its product involve the use of the chemicals and hence, it must come up with effective quality control measures in order to provide the consumers with high quality medicines. Quality of products depends upon the application the application of men, materials and manufacturing conditions. The systematic control of these factors is the main aim of quality control department.Apart from poor packing, inappropriate transportation and poor after sales services are the areas that can cause damage to company’s quality image in Sangrose Laboratories Pvt Ltd the quality department uses the following quality measures. The quality control laboratory functioning in the company has sophisticated equipment like U.V spectrometer, Disintegration testing equipment, Dissolution testing equipment, Electric PH meter, and digital electronic balances. The qualified and approved chemist and pharmacists working in the company ensures quality of the product

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IF ANY While every business comes into existence with the objective of maximizing profits and creating more sustainable value, it is also necessary to see how the community at large can benefit from its existence. Social responsibility is a commitment that has to do an important role in the overall corporate strategy of any organization. In recognition of the conviction that the prosperity of communities is integral to the success of companies at sangrose, pride is taken in the fact that their products and what they are intended to achieve represent the core of social initiatives to help people leading healthier lives. The company achieves this objective through increased access and affordability of its generics, API and branded generic products.


CHAPTER 3

RESERCH OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH PROJECT

a. Problem definitionb. Objective of the research study


PROBLEM DEFINITION

“Absenteeism means absence of workers from the regular work without prior permission notice or sanction” Absenteeism = Number of man days lost through absence Number of man days scheduled to work (100)

OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH STUDY

Primary objectivei. The basic objective of the study is to find out the reasons for

absenteeismii. To find out that the employees are being absent voluntarily

iii. To find out the problems and difficulties faced by the employeesiv. To check relationship between employer and employee

Secondary objective


i. To suggest ways to improve and minimize absenteeism ii. Improvement in qualitative and quantitative

CHAPTER 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATION

a. Research planb. Research designc. Sampling pland. Sample sizee. Data collection instrument developmentf. Research limitation


a. Research Plan

1. Preliminary Investigation The problem can be defined on the basis of Primary data.The definition of the Labour absenteeism is “An employees fails to come to work when he is scheduled to work” Some general causes of absenteeism are Maladjustment with factory conditions Unsatisfactory housing conditions Industrial Fatigue etc…

b. Research Design

1. Developing a research plan The research plan was developed on the basis of availability of data and wrking conditions in the company

2. Data collectioni. Primary data

This data is collected first hand from the respondend.In this study question air was the primary data. Primary data are measurement observed and recorded as a part of an original study. When the data required for a particular can be found neither in the internal records of the enterprise nor in the published sources, may it become necessary to collect original data that is to conduct first hand investigation. The work of collecting original data is usually limited by time, money and man power available for the study. These basic methods of obtaining primary data. 1. INTERVIEW METHOD


2. QUESTIONNAIR METHOD 3. OBSERVATION METHOD

Interview method Interview method is more effective in getting information about persons believes, feelings, future plans, part and private behavior etc.Face to face interview provides more details about the required quantitative data.

Questionnaire method Questioning as the name suggests, it distinguished by the fact that data are collected by asking questions from people who are thought to have the desired information. Questions may be asked in person or in writing. A formal list of such questions is called a questionnaire.

Observation method Data collected does not need any questions instead he observes the objects or actions in which he is interested. Sometimes individual make the observation and record and desired information.

Secondary Data

This data is that which is already with the company. It can be the part record of the firm. When an investigator uses the data, which has already being collected by others, such data are called secondary data. Secondary data can be obtained from organizations trade and professional bodies etc. However secondary data must be with utmost care. Hence before using the secondary data we should examine the following aspects.

a) Whether the data are suitable for investigation.b) Whether the data are adequate for the purpose of investigation.c) Whether the data is reliable.

The secondary data are those, which have already being collected by someone else and which have already passed through the statistical process. The main sources of secondary data collection are

o Book o Interneto Journal

Sampling Plan Sampling Unit : 50 employees Sampling Technique : Random sampling Research Instrument : Questionnaire Contact method : Website – www. Sangrose.com Address : SANGROSE Labortaries Pvt. Ltd. Ind. Estate, Kallimel P.O Mavelikara, KeralaSample Size


The sample size was 25 workers & 25 office staff and workers respectively. The whole of the universe cannot be studied in a single research project. The research has to select a relevant fraction of the population. For this study the researcher select 30% of total population.

Data collection instrument development Here the data collection instrument is the questionnaire. The questions are prepared on the basis of observing the employees and understanding the working conditions there.

Research Limitation

CHAPTER 5

DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION


GRAPH 1

1.Age of the employee at sangrose

CLASS INTERVAL NO. OF WORKERS PERCENTAGE

20-25 24 48%

25-30 14 28%

30-35 12 24%

TOTAL 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

By this graph we could find that the employees of sangrose are mostly of the age 20-25

GRAPH 2

2. Male and Female employees at sangrose

Particulars No. of workers Percentage

Male 22 44%

Female 28 56%

Total 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

By this graph we could interpret that most of the employees working here are females.

GRAPH 3

3. Since how many years you are working in this institution


6 months 22 44%

1 year 17 34%

2 years 3 6%

4 years 6 16%

Total 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

By this graph we could find that 44% of employees have been working here since 6 months.

GRAPH 4

4. How is the working condition at sangrose?


Healthy & Hygienic 20 40%

Moderately healthy & Hygienic 14 28%

Unhealthy & unhygienic 10 20%

Not very healthy & hygienic 6 12%

Total 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

In this graph 40% of the employees say that the working condition in sangrose is healthy & hygienic

GRAPH 5

5. How is the employee management relationship?


Cordial rcelationship 20 40%

Formal relationship 5 10%

Interaction on need basis 24 48%

No direct interaction 1 2%

Total 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

In this graph 48% of the employees say that the interaction with the employer in only on needs basis

GRAPH 6

6. How much is the average workload provided to you over here?


Relaxed 13 26%

Manageable 26 52%

Very hectic 10 20%

Unreasonably 1 2%

Total 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

In this graph 52% of the employees say that the workload is manageable.

GRAPH 7

7. In a month what is the average no. of days employees are absent?


0 Days 2 4%

1-2 Days 22 44%

3-5 Days 12 24%

More than 5 days 14 28%

Total 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

By this graph we could find that 44% of the workers remain absent for 1-2 days .

GRAPH 8

8. Reason for increasing absenteeism


Particulars No. of workers PercentageHigh work pressure 4 8%Lack of interest 1 2%Poor working conditions 5 10%Health issue 22 44%Personal commitments 18 36%

Total 50 100%

INTERPRETATION

By this graph we could find that 44% of the employees remain absent due to health issues.

GRAPH 9

9. Common illness prevailing in this institution



Asthma 1 2%

Viral infection 8 16%

Stress related 15 30%

Work related allergies 10 20%

Others please specify 16 32%

Total 50 100%

INTERPRETATION

In this graph we could interpret that the employees have mostly stress related or other illness.

GRAPH 10

10. Effect of absenteeism on your long-term career

Particulars No. of Workers PercentageAffect career growth 18 36Affect salary increment 22 44Affects performance ratings 5 10Minor or no effect 5 10Total 50 100


INTERPRETATION

By this graph we could find that more than 40% of the employees have affected with salary increments.

GRAPH 11

11.Management Action

Particulars No. of Workers PercentageDeduct equivalent leave 17 34%Deduct salary 29 58%Warning letter 1 2%Disciplinary action 3 6%Total 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

In this graph 58% of the employees say that the mgt action is to deduct salary.

GRAPH 12

13. Level of motivation for current job

Particulars No. of Workers PercentageHighly motivated 15 30%Some what motivated 22 44%Not motivated enough 13 26%Total 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

By this graph we could find 44% of the employees say that they are somewhat motivated with the current job.

GRAPH 13

13. Workplace improvement helps them to be less absent

Particulars No .of workers PercentageYes 28 56No 22 44Total 50 100


INTERPRETATION

By this graph we could say that 56% of the employees believe that workplace improvement will help you to be less absent.

GRAPH 14

14. How grievances are addressed

Particulars No. of workers PercentageEmployee approaches management 7 14%Through welfare officer 20 40%No formal method 13 26%Employee representative 10 20%Total 50 100%


INTERPRETATION

In this graph 40% of the employees say that their grievances are addressed through the welfare offices.

GRAPH 15

15. Motivation to employees

Particulars No. of workers PercentageAdditional benefit to regular attendance 27 54%Performance evaluation 15 30%Additional benefit to workload 1 2%Other 7 14%Total 50 100%

INTERPRETATION


INTERPRETATION

By this graph we could say that 54% of the employees believe that the best incentive is to give benefit to regular attendance.

CHAPTER 6

FINDINGS, SUGESSIONS AND CONCLUSION


FINDINGS

On the basis of the data analysis

i. we could find that the employees of sangrose are mostly of the age 20-25

ii. we could interpret that most of the employees working here are femalesiii. 40% of the employees say that the working condition in sangrose is

healthy & hygieniciv. 48% of the employees say that the interaction with the employer in only

on needs basisv. graph 52% of the employees say that the workload is manageable

vi. we could find that 44% of the workers remain absent for 1-2 daysvii. we could find that more than 40% of the employees have affected with

salary incrementsviii. 58% of the employees say that the mgt action is to deduct salary.

ix. we could say that 56% of the employees believe that workplace improvement will help you to be less absent.

Low wages compel a worker to seek some part time job to earn some side income. Irritating and intolerable working conditions exist in factories etc are the general causes of absenteeism


SUGESSIONS

o The relationship between top management and workers must be improved.o Strict action must be taken for those who take more unauthorized.o There must be rewards to those employees who are regular in attendance.o The workers must be given proper training so that they know their work

properly & tends to be more dedicated towards the organization.o The workers should be made aware of the fact of absenteeism & losses caused

to the company


CONCLUSION

Labor absenteeism is the current problem, which the company is facing today. Most of the workers are absent due to personal commitments and forthcoming new opportunities. Acceptable absences are mostly medically certified. We find that for the most part, the firm’s sickness pay scheme works most effectively on the duration of absence and not its incidence. The incidence of absence appears to be determined mostly by personal characteristics especially sex and martial status .we interpret this to mean


that workers do not consider their entitlement to sick pay when commencing an absence but that they do consider it when deciding to return to work.

CHAPTER 7

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY


Limitations

i. Time constraint is the main limitation for the studyii. As the time allotted me for visit was the working time of the company it caused a

little bit difficulty in gathering data.iii. Due to the hygiene factors outsiders are not permitted to enter the production

sector


APPENDIX


QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Personal Data

Name : Age : 20-25 25-30 30-35 Sex : Male Female Place :Material status :Qualification : 12th Graduate Post Graduate

2. Since how many years you are working in this institution?

6 months 1 year 4 year 2 year

3. How is the working condition for you over here? Healthy & Hygienic Unhealthy &Unhygienic4. How is the employee-management relationship? Cordial relationship Interactions on need basis Formal relationship No direct interaction5. How much is the average workload provided to you over here?

Relaxed Manageable Very hectic Unreasonably high6. In a month what is average number of days you are absent?

0 days 1-2 days


3-5 days More than 5 days7. How frequent you are absent?

Very frequent FrequentRare Very rare

8. What are the reasons for your increasing absenteeism?

High work pressure Lack of interest Poor working conditions Health issues

9. What is the most common illness among you over here? Asthma Viral infection Stress related Work related allergies10. What is the effect of absenteeism on your long career?

Affects career growth Affects salary increments Affects performance Minor or no effect

11. In case you are absent, what is the management action? Deduct equivalent leave Deduct salary Warning letter Disciplinary action12. What is your level of motivation in your current job?

Highly motivated Some what motivated Not motivated enough

13. Will workplace improvements help you to be less absent?

Yes No14. How are your grievances being addressed?

Employee approaches Through an employee Management Welfare officer No formal method Through employee representative

15. Will an incentive scheme help reduce absenteeism?

Will surely help Will help some extend Not sure No

16. What will be the best incentive that you would prefer so that absenteeism can be reduced?

Additional benefit to regular attendance Link to performance evaluation Additional for taking up workload Others



Acknowledgement

Documents

study labour absenteeism

study absenteeism

problem labour absenteeism

sangrose male

excessive absenteeism

sangrose labortaries

sangrose pharmaceuticals

topic reason