Page i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I bow my head before Almighty ALLAH, The omnipotent, the omnipresent, The merciful, The most gracious, The compassionate, who is the entire and only source of every knowledge and wisdom endowed to mankind. I am highly grateful to Prof. S.W. Akhtar, Honorable Vice Chancellor of Integral University for his kind help to provide all necessary facilities for this work. I am also thankful to Prof. T.Usmani, P.V.C. & Chairman R.D.C. for his valuable suggestions. I would like to take this opportunity to convey my cordial gratitude and appreciation to my respected supervisor Prof. (Dr) H.H. Siddiqui, Dean & Adviser to V.C. Faculty of pharmacy, Integral University, without whose constant help, deep interest and vigilant guidance, the completion of this thesis was not possible. I am really thankful to him for his accommodative attitude, thought provoking guidance, immense intellectual input, patience and loving behavior. His sage counsel, well meaning criticism and able guidance have aided me in many ways to write this thesis in innumerable ways. I am highly grateful to my co-supervisor Prof. Rakesh Dixit, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow for
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Page i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I bow my head before Almighty ALLAH, The omnipotent, the omnipresent,
The merciful, The most gracious, The compassionate, who is the entire and
only source of every knowledge and wisdom endowed to mankind.
I am highly grateful to Prof. S.W. Akhtar, Honorable Vice Chancellor of
Integral University for his kind help to provide all necessary facilities for this
work. I am also thankful to Prof. T.Usmani, P.V.C. & Chairman R.D.C. for his
valuable suggestions.
I would like to take this opportunity to convey my cordial gratitude and
appreciation to my respected supervisor Prof. (Dr) H.H. Siddiqui, Dean &
Adviser to V.C. Faculty of pharmacy, Integral University, without whose
constant help, deep interest and vigilant guidance, the completion of this thesis
was not possible. I am really thankful to him for his accommodative attitude,
thought provoking guidance, immense intellectual input, patience and loving
behavior. His sage counsel, well meaning criticism and able guidance have aided
me in many ways to write this thesis in innumerable ways.
I am highly grateful to my co-supervisor Prof. Rakesh Dixit, Professor,
Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow for
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his generous guidance, constant help, deep support, continuous encouragement
and valuable suggestions in bringing this work to conclusion.
I am also extremely grateful to all of my colleagues specially Dr. Juber Akhtar,
Head, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mr. Paramdeep Bagga, Mr. Mohd. Sarfaraz
Hussain, Mr. Ranjan Kumar and Mr. Mohd. Mujahid, for his valuable
assistance, kind help and cooperation whenever it needed.
I would like to pay a heartiest thank Dr. Mohd. Sajid Khan, Department of
Biotechnology, Integral University for his kind support and help to perform
some portion of this work. I am also thankful to Prof. S.K. Maulik, Department
of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi for their
valuable guidance and suggestion during this work.
I am also thankful to all the administrative and laboratory staff of the faculty
especially Mr. Mohd. Rashid Siddiqui, Mrs. Bushra Parveen, Mrs. Barnali
Bose, Mr. Suresh Kumar for their support.
I had a good fortune, to have a cheerful group of friends who often helped me at
critical junctures. I am very pleased to thanks to all of my dear friends especially
Dr. Jamal Anwar Beg, Dr. Jawed Akhtar, Mr. Naushad Ali, Mr. Mohd.
Sarfaraz, Dr. Masihuzzaman Khan, Mr. Tarique Usmani, Mr. Shah Faisal and
Mr. Ayaz Alam for their cooperation and moral support throughout the project.
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Finally, I would like to thank my family; my parents Mr. Akhtar Mahmood and
Mrs. Saeeda for all support, cooperation and blessings, my wife Zeenat Khatoon
and my son Mohd. Fuzail for their love, support and patience during my long
hours in front of the computer, my sister Eram Fatima, brother in law Mr.Tariq
Ashraf, my nephew Mohd. Hassan for their moral support, cooperation and
encouragement, which made finishing the thesis at all.
I will always remain sympathetic towards all the innocent animals that had to be
sacrificed for the completion of the project work and also for the betterment of
the human society.
Tarique Mahmood Ansari
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ABSTRACT
Introduction: Bombyx mori cocoon (Abresham) is one of the important
cardioprotective drug mentioned by Avicenna and chief constituent of two
popular and widely used Unani formulations Khamira Abresham Sada (KAS) &
Khamira Abresham Hakim Arshadwala (KAHAW) for cardiac problems. The
present study was undertaken to investigate its cardioprotective activity, clinical
correlation and comparative evaluation of its polyherbal formulations KAS and
KAHAW against various cardiac diseases. Methods: Cardioprotective activity
of Abresham was investigated by two different experimental models, myocardial
necrosis; oxidative stress and hypertrophy associated with isoprenaline induced
cardiotoxicity and High fat diet induced Dyslipidemia and obesity. In
isoprenaline induced cardiotoxicity model, Wistar strain rats were pretreated
with ethanolic extract of Bombyx mori cocoons in two doses (250 mg/kg &500
mg/kg) and its polyherbal formulations, Khamira Abresham sada (KAS) &
Khamira Abresham Hakim Arshadwala (KAHAW) in one dose each (800
mg/kg) orally for 30 days and cardiotoxicity were induced by administration of
isoprenaline (85 mg/kg, subcutaneous) given twice on 29th & 30
th day. In the
second model, Wistar strain rats were fed with High fat diet to induce
dyslipidemia and obesity and were pretreated with ethanolic extract of Bombyx
mori cocoon in two doses (250 mg/kg &500 mg/kg) and its polyherbal
formulations, Khamira Abresham sada (KAS) & Khamira Abresham Hakim
Arshadwala (KAHAW) in one dose each (800 mg/kg) orally for 28 days.
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Results: Cardioprotection was assessed by gross examination and grading of
heart damage. Estimation of various cardiac marker enzymes like aspartate