Ackerman & proffit classification of malocclusion

ACKERMAN & PROFFIT CLASSIFICATION OF

MALOCCLUSION

DR. ALI WAQAR HASANFCPS-II TRAINEE ORTHODONTICS

UCMD LAHORE

SUPERVISED BY : DR. SAAD ASADASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ORTHODONTICS

UCMD LAHORE

INTRODUCTIONAckerman and Profitt

presented their system in 1960

It was proposed to overcome the drawbacks of Angle’s classification

This system includes Angle’s classification & five characteristics of malocclusion within a Venn diagram

SALIENT FEATURESTransverse and vertical

discrepancies can be considered in addition to antero-posterior malrelations

Crowding and Arch asymmetry can be evaluated

Incisor protrusion is taken into account

DENTOFACIAL APPEARANCEPROFILE : concave, straight,

convex

LIPS : protrusive, normal, retrusive

INCISOR DISPLAY : Excessive, normal, Inadequate

TEETH / ARCH FORMInvolves assessment of alignment and

symmetry of dental arch

Classified as IDEAL / CROWDED / SPACED

TRANSVERSEThe transverse skeletal and

dental relationship is evaluated

Buccal and palatal crossbites are noted

CROSS BITE : unilateral / bilateral

Skeletal or Dental cross bite ?

SAGITTAL (A-P)Involves assessment

of sagittal relationship

Angle’s Class- I / II / III

Differention between skeletal and dental malocclusion

VERTICALMalocclusions in vertical

plane are noted

Anterior or posterior open bite

Anterior deep bite

Posterior collapsed bite

Skeletal / Dental ??

ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Two things particularly help this more thorough analysis:

Esthetic line of occlusion.Rotational axes.

ESTHETIC LINE OF OCCLUSIONIn modern analysis,

another curved line characterizing the appearance of the dentition is important

Esthetic line of occlusion, follows the facial edges of the maxillary anterior and posterior teeth.

ROTATIONAL AXESIn addition to relationship in the transverse, antero-

posterior and vertical planes of space used in traditional 3-D analysis, rotations around axes perpendicular to three planes also must be evaluated

It’s a useful way to evaluate the relationship of the teeth to the soft tissues that frame their display

PitchRollYaw

PITCH The vertical relationship of the teeth to the lips

& cheeks can be conventionally described as up-down deviations around the antero-posterior axes.

Evaluated clinically & from cephalometric radiographs.

ROLL Roll describes the vertical position of the teeth

when this is different on the right & left sides. Viewed as up-down deviations around the

transverse axes. It’s seen with lips relaxed and more clearly on

smile, in both frontal and oblique views.

YAW Rotation of the jaw or dentition to one side or

the other, around a vertical axes, produces a skeletal or dental midline discrepancy.

Viewed as left-right deviations around the vertical axis.

METHOD OF SCORINGNORM

Alignment

Profile

Transverse

Anteroposterior

Vertical

SCORE

0-1-2-3-4-5

0-1-2-3-4-5

0-1-2-3-4-5

0-1-2-3-4-5

0-1-2-3-4-5

0- Ideal1- Slight 2- Slight to Moderate3- Moderate4- Moderate to Severe5- Severe

MERITS

• Explained complexities of malocclusion

• All 3-Dimensional problems included

• Patient profile included• Differention between

skeletal and dental problems

• Arch length problems are evaluated

• Helps in complete diagnosis and treatment planning

DEMERITS

• Etiological considerations are not given

• Based on static occlusion only