ACIDS & BASES
Jan 18, 2016
ACIDS & BASES
Sour Turn litmus paper red pH below 7 Contain hydronium ion
(H3 O +) at the beginning
Proton donors electron acceptors Ex HCl-found in
stomach
Bitter Turn litmus paper blue pH above 7 Contain hydroxide ion
(OH --) at the end Electron donors Proton acceptors Slippery to touch Can be amphoteric (can
act as either acid or base)
ACIDS BASES
NEUTRALIZATION
Acid + base yields salt (metal & n.m) + water
Forms products with pH of 7
PH SCALE
TYPES OF ACIDS
Contain carbon Weaker Found in foods Ex: malic, lactic,
carbonic, citric, acetic
Do not contain carbon
Usually stronger Ex: nitric, sulfuric,
hydrochloric, phosphoric
Organic Inorganic
Monoprotic acids---donate 1 HEx: hydrochloric, nitric
Diprotic acids ---donate 2 HEx: sulfuric
Triprotic acids---donate 3HEx: phosphoric
Formed when metals in Groups 1A---3A react with water
Ex: sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide
ammonia
Strong Bases Weak Bases
INDICATORS Substances that change color with pH
change Ex: litmus paper, pH paper, red cabbage
juice, bromthymol blue, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, methyl red
ACID RAIN
Sulfur oxides + water Formed from
smokestacks of power plants
****natural acid rain is carbonic acid
Nitrogen oxides + water
Formed from car exhausts
Sulfuric Nitric
DISSOCIATION (AKA IONIZATION)
The breaking apart of a molecule into its ions in solution
The stronger acid or base, the faster & more completely it breaks apart
What is produced when a base gains a proton
Ex:HCl + H2O yields Cl-
What is produced when an acid loses a proton
Ex:H2O + H2
Conjugate Acid Conjugate Base
Part of the acid without water
Ex:
Part of the base without water
Ex:
Acid anhydride Base anhydride
TITRATION
The controlled addition of an acid to a base using a buret
Is really a type of neutralization reaction End point—when the end of titration is
reached
PH FORMULAS