ACIDS , BASES and SALTS

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS

My numbering system

Slide title: A, B, C…

- Points on a slide: 1, 2, 3,

- How to find it on your note handout: A1, A2, B1, B2…

A. What you need to know?A1. What is a/an acid, base, salt?A2. How to name themA3. Acid, base, salt propertiesA4. Identify at least 3 products that are acids, bases, and salts used in daily life

B. Common AcidsName Formula

Organic(= Carbon-containing) acids

acetic acid (vinegar) HC2H3O2

citric acid HC6H7O2

ascorbic acid HC6H7O6

lactic acid HC3H5O3

acetylsalicylic acid HC9H7O4

Inorganic (=no carbon) acids

sulfuric acid H2SO4

carbonic acid H2CO3

phosphoric acid H3PO4

nitric acid HNO3

hydrochloric acid HCl

hydrobromic acid HBr

hydrofluoric acid HF

C. What is an acid?

C1. An acid is a compound that accepts a pair of electrons. Usually, most acid have proton (H+) in their chemical formula

D.How to name acidD1. Binary acids containing no oxygen

Hydro(element root)ic acid

e.g.

HF Hydrofluoric acidHCl Hydrochloric acidHBr Hydrobromic acidHI Hydroiodic acid

How to name acid (cont.)D2. Oxoacids (oxygen-containing acids):

(Non-ate part)ic acid

Oxoacids Non-ate part Names

HClO3 Chlor- Chloric acid

HNO3 Nitr- Nitric acid

H2CO3 Carbon- Carbonic acid

HBrO3 Brom- Bromic acid

HIO3 Iod- Iodic acid

HC2H3O2 Acet- Acetic acid

How to name acid (cont.)D3. Oxoacids that are slight exceptions to the naming rules of:

(Non-ate part) + ic acid

Oxoacids Non-ate part Names

H2SO4 Sulf- Sulfuric acid

H3PO4 Phosph- Phosphoric acid

Try again

RULE 1: hydro(element root)ic acid

Naming binary acid

Examples:HCl is hydrochloric acid

HBr is hydrobromic acid

HI is hydroiodic acid

HF is hydrofluoric acid

Naming oxoacid

Polyatomic ion Corresponding acid

C2H3O2- is acetate HC2H3O2 is acetic acid

NO3- is nitrate HNO3 is nitric acid

ClO3- is chlorate HClO3 is chloric acid

BrO3- is bromate HBrO3 is bromic acid

IO3- is iodate HIO3 is iodic acid

SO42- is sulphate H2SO4 is sulphuric acid

CO32- is carbonate H2CO3 is carbonic acid

PO43- is phosphate H3PO4 is phosphoric acid

RULE 2: -ATE becomes -IC acid

E. Common Acid Properties

• E1. Sour• E2. Corrosive• E3. Water-soluble• E4. Good electricity conductors

F. Acids in everyday life

F2.Citric acidAlso, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

F1.Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

F. Acids in everyday life

F5.Sour milk (lactic acid)

F3. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)

F4. Cheese (lactic acid)

F6. Sorbic Acid: a preservative

G1.Heartburn:Caused by HCl from the stomach comes back up the esophagus

G. Acids in the body

H. Bee Sting and Formic Acid

Formic Acid

BASES

I. Common BasesName Formula

Sodium hydroxide NaOH

Potassium hydroxide KOH

Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3

Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH

Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3

Potassium sulfite K2SO3

J. What is a base?

J1. A base is a compound which donate a pair of electrons. Usually, most bases are made up of a metal ion and a hydroxide (OH-) in their chemical formula

K-How to name bases?

Metal name first+ hydroxide

e.g

LiOH Lithium hydroxideMg(OH)2 Magnesium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide

Fe(OH)2 Iron (II) hydroxide

L. Common Acid PropertiesBases:• L1. are bitter• L2. feel slippery• L3. are water-soluble• L4. are good electricity conductors

M. Bases in everyday life

M1.Drain cleaners contains NaOH

M2. Windex (NH3)

M3. Baking soda(NaHCO3)

N. What would you do if?

N1.Your car battery acid (H2SO4) is spilled?

SALTS

O. What is a salt?O1. Salts are ionic compounds composed of a metal ion and a non-metal ion

O2. A salt is formed when acid react with base

E.g. CuSO4

P. Applications of Salts

P1. Soaps and Detergents

P2. Fertilizer (e.g. Ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate)

P. Applications of Salts (cont.)

Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather

Q1. Why put salt on the sidewalk when it snows?

Q. Salt and our Canadian’s weather

Q1. Road salt helps reduce the freezing point of snow

R. A Cultural Look at Food Preservation

Table salts

• What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about ACIDS today?

• What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about BASES today?

• What are the most 2 interesting things you find out about SALTS today?