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Achieving a High-Performance Health Care System with Universal Access: What the U.S. Can Learn From Other Countries 美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美美 美美美B108096007 美美美 B108096039 美美美
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Achieving A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

May 07, 2015

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Health & Medicine

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Page 1: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

Achieving a High-Performance Health Care System with Universal Access: What the U.S. Can Learn From Other Countries

美國該如何從其他國家的經驗中學習如何提供高品質的醫療保險

報告人: B108096007 陳永嘉B108096039 鄭丞恩

Page 2: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

大綱• 前言:美國醫療保險概況– 醫療費用的支出與收入– 表現評估

• 比較:美國與各國之比較• 可學習的課題• 結論

Page 3: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

前言美國醫療保險的概況

Health Care in United States

Page 4: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

美國醫療保險概況– 納保率– 資源分配– 未來發展的需求

• 這篇 paper 的宗旨:

師夷之長

Page 5: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

美國醫療保險概況• 納保率不高• 資源分配不均• 對未來的需求準備不足

84.2%120 萬慢性病人口150萬

Page 6: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

美國醫療保險概況

醫療費用支出佔 GDP 的比例

15%

Page 7: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

美國醫療保險概況

醫療費用支出比例

醫院診所

藥品

其他

Page 8: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

美國醫療保險概況• 資金來源– 政府 v.s. 私人保險– 軍人保險

• 自付額• 醫師人力• 科技與創新

Page 9: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

表現評估

Criteria for a Well-

functioning System

Long, Healthy and Productive

Life

QualityAccessEfficiency

EquityCapacity to

Innovate and Improve

Page 10: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal
Page 11: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal
Page 12: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

比較美國與各國之比較

The U.S. Health Care System Compared With That in Other Countries

Page 13: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

比較不同國家制度的困難

• 健康狀況的差異上會反映在經濟狀況、人口組成、社會文化的差異

• 國際間的比較會因為各國定義、回報、解讀資料的不同而有誤差

Page 14: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

• 跨國的便利讓人很難去界定健康結果的原因歸屬

• 2005 年, OECD 和世衛組織達成協議,開始收集歐盟和其他工業國家的健康狀況資料。

比較不同國家制度的困難

Page 15: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

醫療照護的支出

• 美國的 GDP 有 15.3% 花費在醫療照護上,而其他的工業國家平均是 9.0%(8~11%之間 ) 。

• 資源有限的情況下,過高的醫療費用支出會壓縮其他重要的支出,例如說房貸、教育資金、國防預算等。更會增加國家的財政負債。

Page 16: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal
Page 17: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

行政 ( 管理與監察 ) 費用

• 界定管理費用的定義和方法有別,導致最終的估計會有誤差

• 美國私人保險的行政費用高於加拿大或其他工業國家的保險,以及美國政府的保險

Page 18: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal
Page 19: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

自付額

• 在美國,總醫療支出的 13.2% 是來自於病人的自付額。這比例較加拿大的14.9% 來的低。

Page 20: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

不同國家的品質與健康結果

• 近來的問卷調查顯示,在幾個關鍵的衡量上,美國的民眾對於自己的醫療保險制度評價,較其他國家低

Page 21: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal
Page 22: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal
Page 23: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

醫療系統差異的可能原因

• 大部分表現良好的醫療照護都有很良好的基礎照護

• 能夠掌控不同專科的醫師人力也是關鍵• 使用電子病歷– 美國尤其缺乏

Page 24: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

學習最後星期二的十二堂課

Lessons From Other Countries and ACP Recommendations For Redesigning The U.S. Health Care System

Page 25: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

支付醫療費用

• 第一課: Well-functioning health systems all

guarantee that all residents will have access to affordable health coverage for a defined set of benefits.

Page 26: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

• 第二課: Global budgets

• 第三課: Cost savings

• 第四課: Countries that have federal systems in

which national and regional governments share authority.

Page 27: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

控制醫療費用• 第五課: The best systems ensure access to

health care without financial barriers. • 第六課: Incentives to encourage personal

responsibility for health can lead to healthy behaviors, improved health outcomes, and responsible utilization of health care services.

Page 28: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

醫事人力足以應付需求

• 第七課: Societal investment in health professional

education.• 第八課: Investment in primary and preventive care

can result in better health outcomes, reduce costs, and may better assure an adequate supply of primary care physicians.

Page 29: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

能夠鼓勵以病人為中心的政策

• 第九課: Effective physician payment systems

include adequate payment for primary care services, incentives for quality improvement and reporting, recognizing geographic or local payment differences, and incentives for care coordination.

Page 30: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

衡量醫療品質

• 第十課: Performance measures, financial

incentives, and active monitoring of performance are key elements of health systems that provide high-quality care.

Page 31: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

電子帳單與病歷

• 第十一課: Adoption of a uniform billing system

and electronic processing of claims improves efficiency and reduces administrative expenses.

Page 32: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

掌握醫學新科技

• 第十二課: Insufficient investments in research

and medical technology result in reliance on outdated technologies and medical equipment, and delay patients’ access to advances in medical science.

Page 33: Achieving  A High Performance Health Care System With Universal

結論我的成會大概爆了還有很大的進步空間

Summary and Conclusions