See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/274639617 Accurate Phase to Phase Fault Resistance Calculation Using Two Terminal Data CONFERENCE PAPER· DECEMBER 2014 DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062410 READS 14 5 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: muhd hafizi Idris Universiti Malaysia Perlis 19PUBLICATIONS23CITATIONSSEE PROFILE Surya Hardi Universiti Malaysia Perlis 18PUBLICATIONS11CITATIONSSEE PROFILE Zamri Hasan Universiti Malaysia Perlis 10PUBLICATIONS2CITATIONSSEE PROFILE Yazhar Yatim Universiti Malaysia Perlis 9PUBLICATIONS7CITATIONSSEE PROFILE Available from: muhd hafizi Idris Retrieved on: 01 November 2015
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Accurate Phase to Phase Fault Resistance Calculation Using Two Terminal Data
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8/20/2019 Accurate Phase to Phase Fault Resistance Calculation Using Two Terminal Data
Abstract — Faults can occurred at the transmission line due to
lightning strike, broken conductor, cross arm or tower falls,
danger tree, crane or animal encroachment, polluted insulator
etc. Each type of fault will represents a fault resistance value.
Fault resistance will affects the accuracy of protection relays in
fault location and fault zone detection. Phase to phase fault is one
type of unsymmetrical fault at the transmission line. This paper
represents the accurate way to calculate the actual phase to phase
fault resistance value by using data from both local and remote
substations. From the finding, the actual fault resistance can be
represented by fault resistance as seen from local substation in
parallel with the fault resistance as seen from remote substation.
To prove the finding, simulation has been carried out and the
results show the validity of the proposed theory.
Keywords— phase to phase; two-terminal; fault resistance;
fault location
I. I NTRODUCTION
Faults occurrence at transmission line can be due to manycircumstances such as tree or crane encroachment, lightning
strike, insulation failure, instrument transformer explosion,animal intervention, and many others [1]. Fault can beclassified as symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Three
phase fault is the only symmetrical fault. Single phase toground fault, phase to phase fault, double phase to groundfault and three phase to ground fault are unsymmetrical faults[2].
When a fault occurred at the transmission line,maintenance peoples have to locate the fault by using the faultlocation given by the fault recorder or numerical protectionrelay. The location given by this devices sometimes not veryaccurate and making it difficult to find the correct location ofthe fault. This is due to many factors such as current
transformer and voltage transformer errors, line chargingcurrent, high fault resistance and many other factors. Faultresistance has a very great effect on the accuracy of faultlocation as has been proved in [3]. It will make the faultlocation becomes very inaccurate when the algorithm used tocalculate the fault location does not consider its effects. Asmall error in fault location may similar to several kilometersat the actual transmission line.
There are 2 categories of fault location algorithm whichare one-terminal and two-terminal algorithms. One-terminalalgorithm uses data from one substation only which is from
local substation [4]. Two-terminal algorithm uses date from both local and remote substations [1,5]. Two-terminal dataalgorithm is more accurate than one-terminal data algorithm
because of more data it uses to locate the fault [6]. Low speedcommunication channel can be used to transmit the data
between local and remote substations or to a main substation.
In this paper, the authors present an accurate phase to phase fault resistance calculation using two-terminal data. Byknowing the accurate value of fault resistance, the value can
be used to accurately calculate the fault location. The faultimpedance is assumed to be purely resistance [7].
II. THEORIES OF PHASE TO PHASE FAULT
Fig. 1 shows a case of phase to phase fault between redand yellow phases. There is a contact between red and yellow
phase lines. This object represents a resistance value ortypically called as fault resistance, R F. The parameters for
phase to phase fault are shown in Table I.
Fig. 1. Phase to phase fault condition
TABLE I
PHASE TO PHASE FAULT PARAMETERS
No. Parameters Symbols Unit
1 Phase to ground voltage of red phase from local substation.
VRA kV
2 Phase to ground voltage of yellow
phase from local substation
VYA kV
3 Phase current of red phase fromlocal substation
IRA A
4 Phase to ground voltage of red phase from remote substation
VRB kV
5 Phase to ground voltage of yellow
phase from remote substationVYB kV
6 Phase current of red phase fromremote substation
IRB A
7 Line impedance ZL Ω
8 Fault location m Per unit
This work was supported by Higher Education Ministry of Malaysia andUniversiti Malaysia Perlis through Research Acculturation Grant Scheme
Fig. 6. Simulation results for R F = 2Ω with varied fault location
Fig. 7. Simulation results for R F = 10Ω with varied fault location
V.
CONCLUSION
This paper presents the theory developed to calculate fault
resistance value for phase to phase fault. First the fault
resistances seen from both substations will be calculated using
(2) and (5). Then by using (7), the actual fault resistance can
be estimated by calculating the equivalent fault resistance of
parallel connection between those two fault resistancescalculated earlier. The results proved that the calculated fault
resistance is almost similar to actual fault resistance by small
error and the different fault locations can be said that do not
influence the fault resistance calculation. Fault resistance
estimation in transmission line fault analysis is very important
because it has a great effect on the accuracy of fault location.By accurately estimates the fault resistance, compensation can
be made to fault location algorithm thus accurate fault location
can be gained.
VI. R EFERENCES
[1] M. H. Idris, M. W. Mustafa & Y. Yatim, Effective Two-Terminal SingleLine to Ground Fault Location Algorithm, IEEE International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), Melaka, Malaysia:6-7 June 2012.
[2] H. Saadat, Power System Analysis, WCB/McGraw-Hill, 1999.
[3] M. H. Idris, M. S. Ahmad, A. Z. Abdullah & S. Hardy, Adaptive Mho
Type Distance Relaying Scheme with Fault Resistance Compensation, IEEE International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference(PEOCO), Langkawi, Malaysia: 3-4 June 2013.
[4] Anamika Jain, A. S. Thoke, Ebha Koley & R. N. Patel, FaultClassification and Fault Distance Location of Double CircuitTransmission Lines for Phase to Phase Faults using only One TerminalData, 3rd International Conference on Power Systems, Kharagpur,India, December 27-29 2009.
[5] Eduardo G. Silveira & Clever Pereira, Transmission Line Fault LocationUsing Two-Terminal Data Without Time Synchronization, IEEETransactions on Power Systems, Vol. 22, No. 1, February 2007.
[6] Wen-Hao Zhang, Umar Rosadi, Myeon-Song Choi, Seung-Jae Lee &Ilhyung Lim, A Robust Fault Location Algorithm for Single Line-to-ground Fault in Double-circuit Transmission Systems, Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-7, 2011.
[7]
Marija Bockarjova, Antans Sauhats & Goran Andersson, StatisticalAlgorithms for Fault Location on Power Transmission Lines, IEEE Power Tech, Russia, 27-30 June 2005.
3.36 3.42 3.619
3.863 4.07
4.3264.607
4.922
5.2645.048
4.731
4.4364.161
3.9293.728
3.463.304 3.336
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
F a u l t R e s i s t a n c e ( Ω )
Fault location from local substation (km)
Simulation Results for RF = 2 Ωwith Varied Fault Location
RFA
RFB
Calculated RF
Actual RF
16.58 17.26
18.26 19.22
20.35 21.61
22.96
24.55
26.3425.17
23.65
22.13
20.8419.66
18.617.73
16.8115.76
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
F a u l t R e s i s t a n c e ( Ω )
Fault location from local substation (km)
Simulation Results for RF = 10 Ω with Varied Fault Location
RFA
RFB
Calculated RF
Actual RF
2014 IEEE International Conference Power & Energy (PECON)