Page 1
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Accountancy in the New Product
Development (NPD) Process
H Sinden
University of Liverpool
SYNOPSIS
New Product Introduction (NPD) encompasses the development of new products or
modifications to existing ones, driven by the market needs. Delays in the NPD process
potentially lead to extended time-to-market and eventually longer lead times. Time-to-market
is an important measure of the performance of an organisation, together with productivity and
quality. Many companies attempt to reduce the time-to-market of their products and services
in order to increase their competitive advantage.
There are several factors that contribute to extended time-to-market. These can be experienced
by a number of companies irrespective of their industry and target market. Prioritising these
factors can prove a cumbersome activity. By formulating a calculation that allows us to
quantify the losses caused by delays in the process, it is possible to identify the most
significant of such delays and their effect on the company’s profitability. According to the
results, action can be taken to improve the company performance. This paper forms part of the
research carried out on this subject.
1 THE NPD PROCESS AND TIME-TO-MARKET
The ability to introduce products or services early to the market, potentially enables a greater
market share and price realisation. Conversely, a long development process exposes the
project to the risk of changes in market and environment. A brief list of the most common
reasons that leads to an extended time-to-market includes: unrealistic customer expectations;
late, inaccurate, and incorrect data; poor project management; long and inefficient
development process; numerous engineering changes; and ill-defined overall processes.
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Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
A number of solutions have been suggested that can reduce time-to-market for a product or
service, including: simultaneous development of the various stages in the overall process; an
early resolution of design conflict and uncertainty; and an organisational structure tailored to
the development project. However, the problems occur when the obvious options have been
explored and further improvements are required. The key is to look at the complete processes
from market opportunity to after delivery support and identify the activities that cause delays.
Some of these activities may not affect the time-to-market but others will significantly impact
and extend its duration.
A measure is also needed to assist in prioritising these delays so that actions can be taken
against their reduction or even elimination. A financial calculation of the actual and potential
costs caused by these delays can prove a valuable aid in this process. Taking this a step
further, it is also possible to identify the impact of the particular delay in question to the
bottom line profitability.
2. THE CALCULATION
In order to calculate the actual and potential costs of a delay, the impact of this delay to the
business needs to be identified. The activity that is considered a delay could be an inefficiency
in the process or otherwise known as a “waste”, or it could be a “non-value-adding” activity
that has to be followed under the current circumstances. In both cases this activity, if the
attendance of a resource is necessary, carries a cost. This is an actual cost since the resource
could be more efficiently utilised completing a “value adding” activity.
Additionally, most companies are required to compensate their customers for delayed
deliveries of services or products. These penalties, in certain industries known as liquidation
damages, often represent a percentage of the order value. A percentage of these penalties also
forms part of the actual cost that can be attributed to the delay(s).
Finally, a potential cost can be identified due to lost opportunity. Customers are turned away
due to the length of the time-to-market. In certain industries these customers will never return
thereby reducing the market share of the organisation in the specific market.
2.1 Actual Cost of the Delay
In order to calculate the actual cost, the duration of the delay in hours (D) needs to be
identified. Process modelling as well as value stream mapping can assist in identifying the
delays as well as estimating their duration. In order to calculate the actual cost of the delay
itself, D needs to be multiplied by the average internal hourly rate (Ihr). If a specific resource
is used to undertake this task then the actual hourly rate could be used for a more accurate
calculation. Therefore:
Actual Cost (CA) based on the delay: CA = D x Ihr (1)
If this delay reoccurs in the process or throughout the year then
∑CA = n(D x Ihr) (2)
where:
n = number of times delay occurs in the year
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Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
To identify the Total Cost for all the delays (∑D) in the process then the following equation
can be used:
∑CA = n(∑D x Ihr) (3)
2.2 Actual Cost due to Penalties (Liquidation Damages) in the Customer Contract
Most of the companies are required to compensate their customers for delayed deliveries of
services or products. However, not all orders are covered by this clause. If penalties or
liquidation damages apply then a percentage of the amount paid can be attributed to the
delay(s) in the NPD process.
To calculate this figure we need to use the Average Order Value (Aov). The Average Order
Value can be calculated as follows:
Identify the total quantity of customer orders per year (QCO)
Divide the Sales Turnover for the year (T) with the customer orders to calculate the
Average Order Value
Aov = T / QCO (4)
The next step is to identify the number of orders that have a penalties or liquidation damages
clause in their contract (QP). This information should be readily available. However, in failing
to produce it a percentage of the orders with penalties can be used.
The quantity of customer orders that penalties are paid this year or are expected to be paid
(QC) needs to be considered. If this information is not available then an estimated percentage
of the QPs can be used.
Usually, the liquidation damages or penalties (P) are a percentage (Pc) of the customer order
value therefore:
P = (Qc x Aov x PC) / 100 (5)
However, not all of this value can be attributed to the delay(s) in question. In order to identify
the potential attributed cost due to the particular delay then the contribution of this delay to the
overall time-to-market needs to be identified. In order to do this the following needs to be
calculated:
Identify typical value of time-to-market (Th) in hours
Using the already identified value D (delay in hours) calculate the contribution (C) of the
delay to the overall time-to-market as:
C = (D / Th) x 100 (6)
If an overall delay figure needs to be used then the above equation will be:
C = (∑D / T) x 100 (7)
This means that the Liquidation Damages or Penalties (PLD) this year attributed to the delay
are:
PLD = P x C (8)
This calculation will be sufficient for companies that have limited product variety. This means
that all products have very similar values and they are covered by fairly identical processes. In
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Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
the case of a company with a diversity of products the above calculations will become more
meaningful. If values such as the Average Order Value, the Sales Turnover, and the
Liquidation Damages or Penalties are calculated by product family.
2.3 Potential Cost due to Lost Orders (Opportunity Cost)
Delays in the process, apart from actual costs, can also lead to potential loss of customer
orders and market share. To identify the potential costs due to lost order caused by long time-
to-market the method below needs to be followed:
The quantity of lost orders (CLO) in value due to the delay is required in order to calculate this
potential cost. If this information is not readily available it can be calculated by following the
analysis described below:
Identify the number of quotations that are received each year (Qq)
Identify the number of quotations that have been successful and converted to a customer
order (Qsq)
Calculate the orders lost: Qq - Qsq
In order to convert this into monetary value the Average Order Value (Aov) needs to be
multiplied to the above calculation: CLO = (Qq - Qsq) x Aov (9)
However, not all the lost orders can be attributed to the long lead times or time-to-market,
factors such as quality and service may lead to order loss. Therefore, a percentage needs to be
identified to reflect the amount of quotations that were not realised as orders due to extended
time-to-market. If this information cannot be retrieved by real data, then an estimated
percentage (TTM) would have to be used for this calculation.
Then the potential order loss due to long time-to-market (Cttm) can be represented as:
Cttm = (CLO x TTM) / 100 (10)
As above (1.2), the contribution of the delay can be identified by the use of the C factor.
Finally, to calculate the Potential Attributed Cost to the Problem due to loss of Customer
Orders or Opportunity Cost (Co) the following formula needs to be used:
Co = Cttm x C (11)
The above note regarding product families applies to this section as well. More meaningful
figures will be calculated if the values are based on product family averages rather than
averages derived by data covering all products.
2.4. Summary
The summary results from the above calculations are:
Actual Cost Attributed to the Delay (ACD): ACD = ∑A + PLD (12)
Potential Cost Attributed to the Delay (PC): PC = P (13)
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Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
To identify these losses (L) as a percentage of the Sales Turnover (T) the following
calculation can be performed:
L = [(ACD + PC) / T] % (14)
If these losses can be reduced or eliminated, an equal increase to the profitability should be
realised.
3. CONCLUSION
The values of Actual Cost Attributed to the Delay (ACD) and Potential Cost Attributed to the
Delay (PC) will give a good measure of the impact of the delay in question in terms of actual
and potential losses that occur throughout the NPD process. This measure can assist in
prioritisation of these delays so that an adequate plan can be produced for their reduction or
were possible elimination. The percentage of Losses (L) itself is a very valuable indicator as to
how detrimental to the business the impact of the delay is. A high value of L could mean that
a company might never recover, or that immediate action needs to be taken so that the
particular delay(s) does not appear in the future.
To enhance the above calculations further research will be carried out in expanding the
potential costs section (PC). A study also needs to be carried out to define the levels of Losses
(L) and their meaning to a company's performance.
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Automatic Sound Desk”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978- 3-8433-8567-1.
Page, T. (2011) “Influence of Social Networking in Electronic Product Design” Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-1590-7.
Page, T. (2011) “Brand Identity in Consumer-driven Electronic Product markets” Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-2238-7.
Page, T. (2011) “Design for Additive Manufacturing” Lambert Academic Publishing”,
Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8473-2294-8.
Page, T. (2011) “Radio Frequency Identification in Electronic Product Design”, Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9331-8.
Page 12
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T. (2011) “Sustainable Product Development or Marketing Hype?”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-6637-3.
Page, T. (2011) “Brand Innovation in FMCG”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-
8443-1611-7.
Page, T. (2011) “Electronic Product Design of Home Entertainment Systems: A Study of
Consumer issues in Electronic Product Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-
3-8465-3789-3.
Page, T. (2011) “Social Networking Technologies and Their Implications for Commerce”,
Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-4573-7.
Page, T. (2012) “Sci Fi and Electronic Product Design: Futurism in Design”, Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9656-2.
Page, T. (2012) “The Challenges of Sustainable Product Design: Studies in Electronic
Products”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8473-7122-9.
Page, T. (2012) “Electronic Product Design of Sports Equipment: Proliferation of Technology
in Sport”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-8524-5.
Page, T. (2012) “Light Emitting Diode (LED) Technology in Industrial Lighting Design: A
Study of Lighting Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-6073-9.
Page, T. (2012) “The Influence of Mobile Devices and Apps on Product Design: Design
Tools on the Move”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-11120-4.
Page, T. (2012) “Sustainability in the Design of Electronic Consumer-Based Products:
Models and materials”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8484-0280-9.
Page, T. (2012) “Mobile Apps as Design Practice Tools in Education and Practice: Electronic
Product Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-11733-6.
Page, T. (2012) “Healthcare Innovations: Service and Product Design”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-12465-5.
Page, T. (2012) “Technology of Car Crime Prevention: Evaluation of Anti-Theft Devices”,
Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-5344-2.
Page, T. (2012) “Intellectual Property and Business Competitiveness”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-15569-7.
Page, T. (2012) “Developing Technologies in Mobile Applications”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-15757-8.
Page 13
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T. (2012) “Battery Technology in the Development of Power Tools”, Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-16369-2.
Page, T. (2012) “A Study of Smartphone Text Input Methods”, Lambert Academic
Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-16826-0.
Page, T. (2012) “Scientific and Technological Diffusion in Engineering Design: Technology
Transfer and New Futures”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-17429-2.
Page, T. (2012) “A Usability Study of Automotive Control Screen Displays”, Lambert
Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9722-4.
Page, T., ''Transmission End Beep Tone'', Radio Communication, 72(1), 1996, pp 42-43,
ISSN 0033-7803.
Page, T., ''Automatic Tape Switch'', Radio Communication, 72(7), 1996, pp 35-36, ISSN
0033-7803.
Page, T. and Milburn, R., ''Causes of Misregistration in Multilayer PCBs during Prepreg
Bonding'', Electronics Manufacturing Engineering: Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, 181, 2004, pp 12-18.
Ganesh, K., Nagarajan, S., Malairajan, R.A., and Page, T. “Special Issue on Heuristics and
Meta-Heuristics for Integrated Supply Chain Optimization Problems”. International Journal
of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 6(2), pp.iv-viii, April-June 2013.
Page, T. and Gilliatt, J., ''An Approach to the Assessment of Engineering Design Activity as
Practiced in the UK'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 7th
National Conference on Production Research, Hatfield, UK, 1991, pp 162-166, ISBN 0-
900458-46-1.
Page, T. and Parkinson, B., ''Functional Design'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology VII,
Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of Bath,
UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-85790-005-7.
Page, T., ''Concurrent Engineering: Implications for a New Material Supplier/Customer
Relationship'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology VII, Proceedings of the 9th National
Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of Bath, UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-
85790-005-7.
Page, T., ''Concurrent Engineering: Simultaneous Design and Manufacture'', Advances in
Manufacturing Technology VII, Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, University of Bath, UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-85790-005-7.
Page 14
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T. and Parkinson, B., ''Concurrent Engineering: An Educational Perspective'',
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Concurrent Engineering & Electronic
Design Automation, Poole, UK, 1994, pp 208-212, ISBN 1-56555-074-9.
Page, T. and Beamish, J.C., ''A Knowledge-Based Tool for Conducting Design for
Manufacture in a Surface Mount Technology Environment'', Advances in Manufacturing
Technology IX, Proceedings of the 11th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, De
Montfort University, UK, 1995, pp 125-129, ISBN 0-7484-0400-7.
Page, T., Loke, S. and Arunachalam, S., ''The Integration of a Knowledge-Based System and
a Gantt Chart Scheduling Application for Solving the Machine Shop Scheduling Problem'',
Advances in Manufacturing Technology XII, Proceedings of the 14th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, University of Derby, UK, 1998, pp 727-732, ISBN 1-86058-172-2.
Page, T., ''Implementation of Sample Design Rules in a Commercially Used PCB Design
Application'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XIV, Proceedings of the 16th National
Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London, UK, 2000, pp 125-129,
ISBN 1-86058-267-2.
Page, T., ''A Knowledge-Based Methodology for Guidelines and Rules in the Design for
Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XIV,
Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East
London, UK, 2000, pp 131-135, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.
Page, T., ''A Declarative Representation of Component Selection Guidelines and the Rules in
the Design for Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology
XIV, Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of
East London, UK, 2000, pp 137-141, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.
Page, T., ''A Review of Information Requirements for Conducting Design for Assembly in
Surface Mount Technology'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XiV, Proceedings of
the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London, UK,
2000, pp 215-219, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.
Page, T. and Milburn, R., ''Causes of Misregistration in Multi-layer Printed Circuit boards
during Prepreg bonding'', Knowledge driven manufacturing, CIT Press, Cork Ireland, The
20th International Manufacturing Conference IMC20, Cork Institute of Technology, 2003, pp
274-279, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.
Page, T., ''Knowledge-Based Computer-Aided Process Planning Approaches in Electronics
Manufacturing'', Knowledge Driven Manufacturing, CIT Press, Cork Ireland, The 20th
International Manufacturing Conference IMC20, Cork Institute of Technology, 2003, pp 296-
301, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.
Page 15
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Soft Systems Methodology applied in the
New Product Introduction (NPI) Process'', Knowledge Driven Manufacturing, CIT Press,
Cork, Ireland, The 20th International Manufacturing Conference, IMC20, Cork Institute of
Technology, 2003, pp 575-581, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.
Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Formulation of a calculation for
identifying actual and potential costs incurred by delays in the New Product Introduction
Process'', Proceedings of the 19th National Conference on Manufacturing Research,
Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th National Conference on Manufacturing Research,
Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 229-234, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.
Page, T., ''Embodiment of fine-pitch design for manufacturing guidelines and rules in printed
circuit board (PCB) design software'', Proceedings of the 19th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 259-264, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.
Page, T., ''A case study in the use of internet-based tutorials and a managed learning
environment in support of the teaching and learning of CAD/CAM'', Proceedings of the 19th
National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th
National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 303-308,
ISBN 1 86058412 8.
Page, T., ''Embodiment of fine-pitch design for manufacturing guidelines and rules in printed
circuit board (PCB) design software'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XVII,
Professional Engineering Publishing, First International Conference on Manufacturing
Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 259-264, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.
Page, T., ''A case study in the use of internet-based tutorials and a managed learning
environment in support of the teaching and learning of CAD/CAM'', Advances in
Manufacturing Technology XVII, Professional Engineering Publishing, First International
Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 303-308, ISBN 1
86058 412 8.
Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Formulation of a calculation for
identifying actual and potential costs caused by delays in the new product introduction
process'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XVII, Professional Engineering Publishing,
First International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathcylde University, 2003, pp
229-234, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.
Baguley, P., Bramall, D., Marpoulos, P. and Page, T., ''The automation of sustainability via
re-use, modularization and fuzzy logic'', Design and manufacture for sustainable development
2004, Bhamra, T. and Hon, B. (eds), Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd, UK,
Loughborough University, 2004, pp 65-74, ISBN 1 86058 470 5.
Page 16
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Internet-based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment
in Teaching Microcontroller Interfacing'', Proceedings of the TEKA/FATE Symposium on
Technology Education 2004, Kananoja, T. (ed), TEKA/FATE Symposium, Turku, Finland,
2004, pp 201-207, ISBN 951-634-884-8.
Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Internet-based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment
in Teaching Microcontroller Interfacing'', Technology Education and Educational Technology
and Training Practices 2004, Kananojo, T. (ed), TEKA/FATE Symposium, Turku, Finland,
2004, pp 313-319, ISSN 1459-6830.
Clegg, B. and Page, T., ''The Commercial-Financial Perspective of the Extended Enterprise
Matrix'', 10th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising, Escuela Superior de
Ingenieros, Seville, Spain, 2004, Poster Presentation.
Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Performance Measurement
of the New Product Introduction'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 294-298.
Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Performance Measurement
of the New Product Introduction Process'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology,
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield
Hallam University, 2004, pp 294-298, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.
Baguley, P., Page, T., Koliza, V. and Maropoulos, P., ''Time to Market Prediction Using
Type-2 Fuzzy Sets'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on Manufacturing
Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 299-304.
Baguley, P., Page, T., Koliza, V. and Maropoulos, P., ''Time to Market Prediction Using
Type-2 Fuzzy Sets'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp
299-304, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.
Baguley, P., Page, T. and Maropoulos, P., ''Sophisticated Cost Modelling'', Proceedings of the
20th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp
305-309.
Baguley, P., Page, T. and Maropoulos, P., ''Sophisticated Cost Modelling'', Advances in
Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 305-309, ISBN 1 84387 088
6.
Page, T., ''An Application of Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment
in Support of Microcontroller Interfacing'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 459-464.
Page 17
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., ''An Application of Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment
in Support of Teaching and Learning in Microcontroller Interfacing'', Advances in
Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 459-464, ISBN 1 84387 088
6.
Page, T., ''An Analysis of Registration Errors in High Density Interconnects Caused During
Bonding of Multi-Layer Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Proceedings of the 20th National
Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 67-72.
Page, T., ''An Analysis of Registration Errors in High Density Interconnects Caused during
Bonding of Multi-layer Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Advances in Manufacturing
Technology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Research,
Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 67-72, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.
Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Qualitative Analysis of the
New Product Introduction (NPI) related Issues'', Proceedings of the 21st International
Manufacturing Conference IMC21, University of Limerick, 2004, pp 27-32, ISBN 1 8746537
7 1.
Page, T. and Baguley, P., ''Prevention of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) through Design
for Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', Proceedings of the 21st International Manufacturing
Conference IMC21, University of Limerick, 2004, pp 321-328, ISBN 1 8746537 7 1.
Page, T., ''Embodiment of Fine-Pitch Design Rules in a PCB Design Application'',
Proceedings of the 21st International Manufacturing Conference IMC21, University of
Limerick, 2004, pp 553-558, ISBN 1 8746537 7 1.
Baguley, P., Page, T., Maropoulos, P.G. and Koliza, V., ''Type 2 Fuzzy Sets used in
Evaluating a New Product Introduction Process'', Proceedings of the 21st International
Manufacturing Conference IMC21, University of Limerick, 2004, pp 635-642, ISBN 1
8746537 7 1.
Page, T., Baguley, P. and Schaefer, D., ''Maintaining Electromagnetic Compatibility through
Design for Fabrication & Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', ECAD/ECAE 2004,
Proceedings of the lst International Conference on Electrical/Electromechanical Computer
Aided Design & Engineering, Maropoulos, P.G. & Schaefer, D. (eds), ECAD/ECAE 2004,
University of Durham, November 2004, pp 101-105, ISBN 0-953555-3-6.
Page, T., Baguley, P. and Schaefer, D., ''Ensuring Electromagnetic Compliance in Printed
Circuit Boards Through Design for Assembly Guidelines'', ECAD/ECAE 2004, Proceedings
of the lst International Conference on Electrical/Electromechanical Computer-Aided Design
& Engineering, Maropoulos, P.G. & Schaefer, D. (eds), ECAD/ECAE 2004, University of
Durham, November 2004, pp 106-110, ISBN 0-953555-3-6.
Page 18
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Baguley, P., Schaefer, D. and Page, T., ''Costing Issues Regarding Product Variant Design'',
ECAD/ECAE 2004, Proceedings of the lst International Conference on
Electrical/Electromechanical Computer-Aided Design & Engineering, Maropoulos, P.G. &
Schaefer. D. (eds), ECAD/ECAE 2004, University of Durham, November 2004, pp 41-45,
ISBN 0-9535558-3-6.
Iskanius, P., Page, T. and Haapasalo, H., ''Moving Toward an Agile Supply Chain - A Case
Study from a Traditional Industry Sector'', ICAM 2005 International Conference on Agile
Manufacturing 2005 Proceedings, International Society of Agile Manufacturing (ISAM),
ICAM 2005, Helsinki University of Technology, 2005, pp 179-188.
Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Development Road Map towards e-business - A Case Study'',
Proceedings of the 22nd International Manufacturing Conference IMC22, Vickery, J. (ed),
22nd International Manufacturing Conference, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Ireland,
2005, pp 493-500, ISBN 0-9551218.
Koliza, V., Khoudion, P., Pearce, O., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''A Sensitivity Analysis on
Organisations with Different Characteristics of New Product Introduction and Time To
Market Variations'', Proceedings of the 22nd International Manufacturing Conference - IMC
22, Vickery, John (ed), 22nd International Manufacturing Conference IMC22, Tallaght,
Ireland, 2005, pp 613-618, ISBN 0-9551218-0-9.
Page, T., ''A Learner Centred Evaluation of Hypermedia-based Learning Resources in
Blended Learning in Microcontroller Product Design'', Proceedings of DATA International
Research Conference 2005, Norman, E.W.L., Spendlove, D. and Grover, P. (eds), Design and
Technology Association, Inspire and Educate, DATA International Research Conference
2005, Sheffield Hallam University, July 2005, pp 147-151, ISBN 1-898788-75-8.
Page, T., ''A Hypermedia-based Learning Environment in Support of Blended Learning in
Electronic Product Design'', Proceedings of the third International Conference on Engineering
and Product Design Education EPD05, Engineering and Product Design Education 2005,
Napier University, Edinburgh, September 2005, pp 497-502.
Valiusaityte, I., Rajabally, E., and Page, T., ‘Mathematical Means for Assessing Military
Aircraft Performance as Applied to Training Effectiveness’, Proceedings of Simulations
Interoperability Standards Organisation (SISO): Simulation Interoperability Workshop Fall
2008, Paper ref: 08F-SIW-013, (TRAIN Forum), Orlando, Florida, USA, September 2008,
pp. 771-781.
Page, T., ''Development of a Database for the Analysis of Non-Linear Materials within a
Finite Element Modelling Package'', Non-Linear Applications in Finite Element Analysis,
Institute of Mechanical Engineers, London, 2001, pp1-5.
Page 19
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T. and Baguley, P., ''Preservation of Electromagnetic Compatibility Through Effective
Design for Manufacturing of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', October 2004, pp 1-10, Society
of Manufacturing Engineer, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB292.
Maropoulos, P.G., Baguley, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''Evaluation and Performance
Measurement of the New Product Development Process'', October 2004, pp 1-10, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB300.
Page, T. and Baguley, P., ''Sustainable Design and Manufacturing Implications Through Re-
Use, Modularization and Fuzzy Logic'', October 2004, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB299.
Page, T., ''Design for Assembly Constraints in Surface Mount Technology'', October 2004, pp
1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:
TP04PUB295.
Page, T., ''Knowledge-Based Support for the Provision of Design for Assembly Guidelines
and Rules in Electronics Manufacturing'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB296.
Page, T., ''Development and Integration of a Non-Linear Materials Database for Finite
Element Analysis (FEA)'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB297.
Page, T., ''Representation of Component Selection Rules for Design for Assembly of Printed
Circuit Boards'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB298.
Baguley, P., Maropoulos, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''The Reduction of Product
Development Lead-Time Using Type-2 Fuzzy Sets'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PPUB304.
Page, T., ''A Review of Knowledge-Based Computer-Aided Process Planning Approaches in
Electronics Manufacturing'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB293.
Baguley, P., Maropoulos, P. and Page, T., ''Cost Engineering for New Product Design and
Innovation'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper: TP04PUB302.
Koliza, V., Page, T. and Pearce, D., ''Classification of Actual & Potential Cost Formulae
Caused by Delays in the New Product Development (NPD) Process'', October 2004, pp 1-8,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB303.
Page 20
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., ''Thick Film Microelectronic Packaging Technology'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society
of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB341.
Page, T., ''A Demonstration of the Implementation of Fine Pitch Design Rules in a PCB
Design Application'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,
MI,USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB294.
Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''Application of the Soft Systems
Methodology in the New Product Development (NPD) Process'', October 2004, pp 1-9,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB301.
Haapasalo, H., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Order Delivery Process in Manufacturing Network
Deploying Manufacturing Philosophies in the Steel Product Industry'', November 2004, pp 1-
10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:
TP04PUB319.
Haapasalo, H., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''The Development of a Design and Manufacturing
Collaboration Agreement'', November 2004, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB322.
Alaruikka, A.M., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Data Translations in Information Flow in a
Finnish Steel Product Industry Network'', November 2004, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB318.
Iskanius, P., Page, T. and Pikka, V., ''The Influence that the Focal Company has over its
Supply Network - A Case Study in Steel Product Design & Manufacture'', November 2004,
pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:
TP04PUB321.
Iskanius, P., Uusipaavalniemi, S. and Page, T., ''Steel Product Design & Manufacturing - A
Case Study in Agility'', November 2004, pp 1-18, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB316.
Iskanius, P., Uusipaavalniemi, S. and Page, T., ''The Development of a Collaborative Venture
in an Agile Supply Chain - A Case Study in Steel Product Design'', November 2004, pp 1-20,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04 PUB317.
Budan, A,, Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''The Use of a Simulated Annealing Algorithm for
Design Optimization of Steel and Composite Leaf Springs'', November 2004, pp 1-28,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB313.
Clegg, B. and Page, T., ''The Use of the Extended Enterprise Matrix to Derive Costs in
Product Development'', November 2004, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB339.
Page 21
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Arunachalam, S., Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''Optimal Part
Family Formation Using a Realistic Fuzzy Set Theoretic Approach in Cellular
Manufacturing'', November 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP03PUB314.
Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., Arunachalam, S., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''Automatic
Evaluation of alternate Tool Access Directions (TADs) using STEP for Minimal Set-up
Changes'', November 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper: TP04PUB315.
Koliza, V., Khoudian, P., Pearce, D., Page, T. and O'Sullivan, J., ''Monitoring of Performance
in the New Product Development (NPD) Process: Qualitative Analysis of Benchmarks'',
November 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper: TP04PUB320.
Page, T., ''Supply Chain Management - A Review of Integrated Design & Manufacture'',
November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper: TP04PUB324.
Page, T., ''A Case Study in the Implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
System'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper: TP04PUB325.
Page, T., ''A Discussion of Quality Management Systems Implementation - A European
Context'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper: TP04PUB326.
Page, T., ''Modern Photoplotting Formats'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB340.
Page, T., ''A Specification for Design for Assembly Support in Surface Mount Technology
Utilizing a Knowledge-Based System'', December 2004, pp 1-25, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB359.
Page, T., ''The Design of a Manifold Tract Component Through the Analysis of Solid-Fluid
Interaction Using F.E.A.'', December 2004, pp 1-29, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB360.
Page, T., ''A Description of the Design, Fabrication and Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards
(PCBs) Using Surface Mount Technology (SMT) & Plated Through Hole (PTH)
Technology'', December 2004, pp 1-45, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB357.
Page 22
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., ''Design Guidelines and Rules for Effective Yield in Manufacturing & Assembly of
Printed Circuit Boards Utilizing Surface Mount Technology'', December 2004, pp 1-45,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB358.
Page, T., ''An Appraisal of Database Technologies in Support of Manufacturing Operation
Decision Making'', 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB155.
Mohanasumdaram, K., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''An Application of Performance
Measurement in an Assembly Job Shop Environment - A Case Study'', 2005, pp 1-12, Society
of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB33.
Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Criteria for Successful Implementation of Decision Support
Systems'', February 2005, pp 1-10, Socieity of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper: TP05PUB19.
Page, T., ''Implementation Issues in Data Warehousing'', February 2005, pp 1-12, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB14.
Page, T., ''A Classification of Data Mining Techniques'', February 2005, pp 1-12, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB16.
Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Engineering Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms'',
February 2005, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper: TP05PUB18.
Page, T., ''The Use of Topological Optimization Within a Finite Element Package for the
Design of a Structural Component'', February 2005, pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB9.
Page, T., ''Design of a Bracket Fixture for Vibrational Analysis of a Fluid-Filled Manifold
Tract Utilizing Modal Analysis in FEA'', February 2005, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB8.
Senthil, P., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''A Novel Algorithm for Parallel Machine
Scheduling'', February 2005, pp 1-17, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB12.
Page, T., ''Engineering Design Methods - A Review and Classification of Sources'', February
2005, pp 1-24, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:
TP05PUB13.
Page, T., ''A Demonstration of the Decision Support System Utilized in Support in the Design
for Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', February 2005, pp 1-27, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB6.
Page 23
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Sundararaj, G., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''A Review of Experimental Techniques
Applied in Cryogenic Treatment of Cutting Tols and Metals'', February 2005, pp 1-35,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB11.
Page, T., ''A Representation of Design Guidelines and Rules in Electronic Design for
Manufacturing Utilizing Knowledge Representation Schema'', February 2005, pp 1-57,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB5.
Arunachalam, S., Loke, S. and Page, T., ''Solving the Machine Shop Scheduling Problem
Through the Integration of a Knowledge-based System and a Gantt Chart Scheduling
Application'', February 2005, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB10.
Page, T., ''An Introduction to Multi-Agent Systems'', February 2005, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB17.
Miller, J. and Page, T., ''Optimization Formulae for Multi-Station Assembly Systems'',
February 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper: TP05PUB15.
Brown, C.C., MacNair Smith, H., Miller, J. and Page, T., ''The Design and Development of a
Robotic Assembly System for Consumer Products Assisted by Voice Control'', March 2005,
pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper
TP05PUB32.
Page, T., ''Conversion of Analogue Signals to Digital Signals for Input to Microcontroller
Devices'', June 2005, pp 1-10, Socieity of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB91.
Sankaranarayanasamy, K., Arunachalam, S., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''A Novel
Approach to Part Family Formation in Cellular Manufacturing Using Fuzzy Analysis in
CAD/CAM'', June 2005, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB67.
Page, T., ''Approaches to the Design of Digital Systems Using Very Large Scale Integration
(VLSI) CAD'', June 2005, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB90.
Page, T., ''Activity-Based Costing (ABC) - A Guide to Implementation and Use for
Manufacturing Engineering Operations'', June 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB68.
Page, T., ''The Modeling of Three-Dimensional Assemblies in CAD'', June 2005, pp 1-7,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB70.
Page 24
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., ''Decision Making for Capacity Planning'', June 2005, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB92.
Page, T., ''A Methodology for the Rationalization of Investment in Advanced Manufacturing
Technology'', June 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper TP05PUB66.
Page, T., ''The Formulation of a Product Design Specification (PDS) with Emphasis on
Design for Assembly'', August 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,
MI. USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB173.
Page, T., ''Enabling Technologies for Effective Management of Product Development in the
21st Century'', August 2005, pp 1-19, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,
USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB132.
Page, T., ''Material Removal Through Drilling & Hole Making Processes'', August 2005, pp
1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper
TP05PUB193.
Page, T., ''The Modelling of Curve Entities in 3D CAD'', August 2005, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB154.
Page, T., ''Graphical Aides and Tools for the Implementation of Continuous Improvement'',
August 2005, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical
Paper TP05PUB156.
Page, T., ''Design and Analysis Software Applications for Engineering Design and
Manufacture'', August 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,
MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB194.
Page, T., ''The Use of Manufacturing Information Systems in Support of E-Commerce
Activities'', October 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,
MI, USA.
Page, T., ''An Account of the Use of DFA/DFM Tools in Modern Manufacturing Enterprises'',
October 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper (TP05PUB214).
Page, T., ''Where is the Future for Networking and Data Communication Technologies'',
October 2005, pp 1-17, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA,
Technical Paper (TP05PUB220).
Page, T., ''A Strategy for Globalized Manufacturing Operations'', October 2005, pp 1-6,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper
(TP05PUB215).
Page 25
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., ''Strategies for the Location of Multi-Plant Networks'', October 2005, pp 1-6,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper
(TP05PUB217).
Page, T., ''To provide for Process Variability Through the Specification of Tolerances in
Modern 3D CAD'', October 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),
Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB212).
Page, T., ''A Consideration of Manufacturing Issues in the Strategic Management of
Operations'', October 2005, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,
MI, USA.
Page, T., ''Technologies for Automation in Manufacturing'', October 2005, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB218).
Page, T., ''Embedded Microprocessor Product Design'', October 2005, pp 1-9, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB219).
Page, T., ''Combinational Circuit Design Using Discrete Bistable Devices'', December 2005,
pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper:
TP05PUB254.
Pearce, D., O'Sullivan, J,, Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''An Application of
Sensitivity Analysis on New Product Development Projects with Time to Market Variations'',
December 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,
Technical Paper: TP05PUB248.
Pearce, D., O'Sullivan, J., Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''New Product Introduction
and Time to Market with Emphasis on Business Profitability - A Survey'', December 2005, pp
1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper:
TP05PUB249.
Page, T., ''Implementation Issues in Quality Systems'', 2006, pp1-7, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP06PUB120).
Page, T., ''The Abstraction of Manufacturing Features from Surface Models in CAD'', March
2006, pp 1-11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper TP06PUB6.
Page, T., ''Geometric Modelling and Representation of Curve and Surface Operations in 3D
CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,
USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB13.
Page 26
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., ''A Collaborative Design Methodology for the Design of Embedded Control
Systems'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,
USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB14.
Page, T., ''A Direct Translation Technique for Transferring Data Between Electronic and
Mechanical CAD Systems'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB5.
Page, T., ''Algorithms for Collision Avoidance in Machine Tool Path Verification'', March
2006, pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing Engineers SME, Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper TP06PUB9.
Page, T., ''Traditional Industry Competition - Development of an Agile Supply Chain'', March
2006, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper TP06PUB7.
Page, T., ''The Application of Geometric Tree Structures in Constructing and Modifying 3-D
Models in CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),
Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB4.
Page, T., ''Representation Schemes Used in Geometric Modelling of Solids and Surfaces in
CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-20, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,
USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB17.
Page, T., ''Pragmatic Considerations in Design for Production'', March 2006, pp 1-7, Society
of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB12.
Page, T., ''A Group Technology Approach to Computer-Aided Process Planning Systems'',
March 2006, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,
Technical Paper TP06PUB8.
Page, T., ''Approaches to Focussed Manufacturing'', March 2006, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB10.
Page, T., ''Enabling Technologies for Effective Computer-Aided Manufacturing'', March
2006, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper TP06PUB11.
Page, T., ''An Overview of Production Control Systems for Kanban Operation'', March 2006,
pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
TP06PUB15.
Page, T., ''Key Features of Lean Production'', March 2006, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB16.
Page 27
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., ''Mechatronic Systems Used in Control'', June 2006, pp 1-10, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB94.
Page, T., ''Introduction to Bezier and NURBS Representation Schemes in Surface Modelling'',
October 2006, pp1-27, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) Dearborn,Mi, USA.,
Technical Paper (TP06PUB134).
Baloglu, A., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Re-Engineering the Supply Chain in Internet
Age: A Case Study ABB Turkey'', October 2006, pp1-27, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA., Technical Paper (TP06PUB119).
Page, T., ''Algorithms Used for Routing and Placement in VLSI'', November 2006, pp 1-10,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP06PUB153).
Page, T., ''Linear Programming Techniques for Floorplanning in VLSI'', November 2006, pp
1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP06PUB155).
Page, T., ''Programmable Techniques for Transmission Line Optimization in VLSI'',
November 2006, pp 1-5, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,
Technical Paper (TP06PUB154).
Page, T., ''Non-Slicing Floorplan Representation Used in Linear Programming in VLSI'',
November 2006, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,
Technical Paper (TP06PUB156).
Page, T., ''A Justification for Relevance in Performance Measurement Criteria'', November
2006, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper (TP06PUB152).
Ichimura, M., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Critical Training Requirements for Lean
Manufacturing'', March 2007, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),
Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB15).
Kannan, A.R., Pandey, K., Narayanasamy, R., Arunachalam, S., Shanmugan, S. and Page, T.,
''The Performance of Deformation of Fe-0.8%C-1.0%Si-0.8%Cu Sintered Powder Metallurgy
Specimens Throughout Preform Forging '', March 2007, pp 1-21, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB16).
Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Case Study in E-Business and Supply Chain Integration'', July
2007, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper (TP07PUB74).
Page 28
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., ''Computer Graphics in CAD/CAM'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB77).
Page, T., ''Design Process: A Case Study in Product Improvement'', July 2007, pp 1-10,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB78).
Page, T., ''Effective Computer-Aided Manufacturing'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB81).
Page, T., ''Production Levelling and Scheduling'', July 2007, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB88).
Page, T. ''Assembly modelling in Computer-Aided Engineering'', July 2007, pp 1-6, Society
of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB96).
Page, T. ''Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Operations management'', July 2007, pp 1-6,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB97).
Page, T. ''Components of Lean Production'', July 2007, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB98).
Page, T. ''Analogue to Digital Conversion in Embedded Devices'', July 2007, pp 1-9, Society
of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB99).
Arreymbi, J., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Evaluating the Effects of Radio Frequency
identification (RFID) Applications in Manufacturing and Business'', July 2007, pp 1-12,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB100).
Page, T. ''Concurrent Engineering in the Era of Mass Customization'', July 2007, pp 1-18,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB103).
Page, T. ''VLSI Digital Design Techniques'', July 2007, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB104).
Page, T., ''Strategic Level Decision-Making in Capacity Planning'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society
of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB107).
Page, T., ''The Role of Manufacturing in E-Commerce'', December 2007, pp 1-10, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB205).
Page 29
Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)
Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.
Page, T., ''Applications of Design and Analysis'', December 2007, pp 1-9, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB206).
Muhos, M., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Agility in the Finnish Metal Industry'', December
2007, pp 1-11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical
Paper (TP07PUB208).
Helaakoski, H., Peltomaa, I., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Roadmap towards E-Commerce in
the Steel Product Industry'', December 2007, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB209).
Helaakoski, H., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Computer-Supported Collaborative Tool for
Continuous Improvement'', December 2007, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB210).
Page, T., ''Performance Measurement in the Product Design Process'', December 2007, pp 1-
11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper
(TP07PUB211).
Page, T., ''Tolerance Assignment in 3D-CAD'', December 2007, pp 1-7, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB212).
Page, T., ''Quality Measures in Product Design'', December 2007, pp 1-11, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB213).
Helaakoski, H., Peltomaa, I., Kipina, J., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Business Model in
Support of Agility in the Steel Industry Sector'', December 2007, pp 1-8, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB214).
Page, T., ''Detailed Routing Design Rules'', December 2007, pp 1-13, Society of
Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB220).