ACCIDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM ACCIDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM Mini Project Report Submitted By DON MATHEW In Partial Fulfillment of V1 th semester of Bachelor of Technology In ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION OF COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, POONJAR KOTTAYAM – 686 582 Email: [email protected]Website :http:/www.cep.ac.in APRIL 2012 Dept. of ECE, College of Engineering. Poonjar 1
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Traffic safety plays a key and integral role in a sustainable transportation development strategy. The main negative impact of modern road transportation systems today is injury and loss of life as a result of road accidents. The success of traffic safety and highway improvement programs hinges on the analysis of accurate and reliable traffic accident data While of the road accident situation is slowly improving in the high income industrialized countries, most developing countries such as India, face a worsening situation . With the number of vehicles on the road growing rapidly, more road conflicts develop traffic accidents.
Most of these accidents result from human error and carelessness on the part of the drivers or pedestrians. However, the probability of occurrence, and its severity, can often be reduced by the application of proper traffic control devices, and good roadway design features. It has long been recognized that the most effective means towards accident reduction lies in a systematic and scientific approach based on the use of accurate and reliable traffic accident data. But the quantity of data important for the analysis is not always sufficient
Much of the accident information available in police files is all too often incomplete and therefore has not been utilized to the fullest extent. In addition, records are also needed to provide facts to guide programs including enforcement, education, maintenance, vehicle inspection, emergency medical services, and engineering to improve streets and highways.
There is a need for better information of the circumstance of collisions, especially with regards to location in order to come up with a general picture of the data. More precise location data could help provide facts to guide programs including enforcement, education, maintenance, vehicle inspection, emergency medical services, and engineering to improve streets and highways.
Our main objective through this project is an effective accident information system using GPS & GSM. When an accident is occurred, the GPS receiver is activated it receives the longitude & latitude of current location of the vehicle & this data is send through GSM in to the number saved inside GSM modem.
The website is monitored at a control room and if an accident is occurred,
instant rescue facilities can be provided to the victims. Day to day increasing vehicle
accidents is the fact which leads us to do this project work.
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ACCIDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
2. MAIN OBJECTIVES
1. ACCIDENT INFORMATION (if an accident happens, the system will
detect the accident and the location will be send to the control room.).
2. INSTANT RESCUE (we can provide emergency medical services to the
victims much faster.)
3. REDUCE DEATH (by providing emergency medical services to the
victims death rate due to accidents can be reduced.)
3. PROJECT DESIGN
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Our project has mainly two sections
Hardware
Software
a) HARDWARE SECTION
It includes
1. GPS module
2. GSM module
3. GPSR module
4. PIC16F877A
b) SOFTWARE SECTION
It includes programming of
1. ADC conversion
2. GPS reception
3. GSM initialization
4. GPSR initialization
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HARDWARE SECTION
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig 1:Block diagram
4.2 BLOCK LEVEL EXPLANATION
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PIC 16F877A
GPS RECEIVER
GSM MODEMLCD DISPLAY
CRASH SENSOR
ACCIDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
POWER SUPPLY It provides +5V and ground
DISPLAY
This block provides machine to man communication and alert and instructs the
driver in various conditions.
CRASH SENSOR
This is used to sense the accident of the vehicle. After the accident is reported,
the system will give indication to remote person.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM RECEVIER This section will decode the signals transmitted by the Global Positioning
Satellites and provides information about the location, speed, time etc. Using this
module we will extract longitude, latitude, speed of the vehicle and time.
GSM modem
This system will send SMS to remote person about the accident of the vehicle
and its location, after an accident has occurred. User has also provision to check the
location of the vehicle by sending a request by user.
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PIC167877A
For our project we are using PIC micro-controller. PIC is a family
of Harvard architecture micro-controllers made by Microchip Technology. The name
PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller". PICs are popular with both
industrial developers and hobbyists alike due to their low cost, wide availability, large
user base, extensive collection of application notes, availability of low cost or free
development tools, and serial programming (and re-programming with flash memory)
capability.
It is a 40 pin 8 bit CMOS FLASH microcontroller that operates at a clock input of 11.0592 MHz provided with a crystal.
FEATURES:
operating speed :DC-20 MHz clock input
interrupt capability upto 14 sources
ADC resolution:5 mV
10 bit multi channel analog-to-digital converter(ADC)
Universal synchronous asynchronous receiver transmitter(USART) with 9 bit address detection
wide operating range:2-5.5 V
programmable code protection
upto 8kX 14 words of FLASH program memory and 256X8 bytes of EEPROM data memory
ADVANTAGES:
High performance RISC CPU
Only 35 single instructions
Low power high speed CMOS FLASH technology
Supports a number of peripherals like ADC,LCD,TIMER,USART etc
Circuit diagram is shown in figure. In this portion, the main components
are, PIC16F877A, GPS section, GPRS section, Accelerometer, MAX 232 , and power
supply unit.
POWER SUPPLY
The power supply unit consist of a voltage regulator IC 7805, which gives
regulated 5 v as output
ACCELEROMETER SECTION
The accelerometer used here a capacitive type, ie output voltage varies
corresponding to the change in the capacitance semiconductor materials (polysilicon)
using semiconductor processes (masking and etching). It can be modeled as a set of
beams attached to a movable central mass that move between fixed beams. The
movable beams can be deflected from their rest position by subjecting the system to
acceleration
As the beams attached to the central mass move, the distance from them to the fixed
beams on one side will Increase by the same amount that the distance to the fixed
beams on the other side decreases. The change in distance is a measure of acceleration.
The g-cell beams form two back-to-back capacitors). As the center beam moves with
acceleration, the distance between the beams changes and each capacitor's value will
change, (C = Aε/D). Where A is the area of the beam, ε is the dielectric constant, and D
is the distance between the beams.
The accelerometer used here is a three axis accelerometer which is capable of measuring acceleration or deceleration in 6 directions. The three output pins of module gives acceleration in voltage along the 3 axes. The default voltage at output pins is 1.65
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v. When there is a acceleration the voltage will rise to 2.45 v, when there is a deceleration the voltage falls to 0.85 v. This three output pins are connected to the ADC inputs of PIC 16F877A A RC filter in the output is used to avoid clock noise
GPS MODULE
GPS module is used to trace the position of the vehicle. The speed and
position of the vehicle are received from the GPS module and these details are
processed by the microcontroller unit.
MAX 232
The voltage level of PIC 16F877A is in TTL level. But the GPS is
operating in RS 232 mode. thus to convert the voltage level from TTL to RS 232, the
MAX 232 IC is used
.
4.5 CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
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a. PIC 16F877A
Basic diagram
Pin diagram
High-Performance RISC CPU:
• Only 35 single-word instructions to learn
• All single-cycle instructions except for program branches, which are two-cycle