Accessing Reading Material on Library Reserve Website: www.lib.washington.edu Options on left: “Course Reserves” Search by Course: “Oceanography 230” Search by Professor: “Nittrouer” “List of electronic materials for Oceanography 230” “Connect to this title on line; UW restricted” Enter UW net info Accept copyright agreement
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Accessing Reading Material on Library Reserve
Website: www.lib.washington.edu
Options on left: “Course Reserves”
Search by Course: “Oceanography 230”Search by Professor: “Nittrouer”
“List of electronic materials for Oceanography 230”
On reserve in:Undergrad Library: hard copiesUW Library website: www.lib.washington.edu
“Ocean Basins”, from “Oceanography”M.G. Gross, Prentice-Hall
“River Deltas”, from “The Coast of Puget Sound”J.P. Downing, Puget Sound Books
Preparation for Mid-Term Examnext Wednesday, 25 October
Review class lectureshttp://gis.ess.washington.edu/grg/courses05_06/ess230/
Reading material www.lib.washington.edu
Old exam questions will distribute on Friday
Field Trip B
Working cruise in Puget Sound on the Thompson, UW’s oceanographic research vessel
WednesdayOctober 18 start 7AM
All day(no class)
end ~9PM
Puget Sound Cruise
Time: Depart UW 7AM Johnson Hall Parking Lot
Return UW 9 PM Johnson Hall Parking Lot
Clothing: foul-weather gear, hat, fleece, good shoes
Prepare for cold, wet, windy and muddy conditions
Food: Lunch and dinner onboard shipSpecial dietary needs?
Observations during cruise
Water columnCTD = chlorinity, temperature, depthturbidity (suspended sediment)
SeabedGrab samples – surface sedimentbox core – 50-cm-long piece of seafloorkasten core – 250-cm-long record of
sedimentation
Seafloor mappingmultibeam acoustic profiles
Below seafloorseismic profiles
Puget Sound Morphology
Glacial Originscour – flow under ice sheetformed depressionse.g., Main Basin, Hood Canal, Lake Washington
sedimentary deposits – also raised land surfaceglacial tills, outwash deposits, lake deposits
old glacial sediment now provides new input to PScliff erosionlandslidesland surface erosion
Bathymetry (water depth)
Shallow entranceglacial origin – moraineoceanographic name – sillprimary sill is Admiralty Inlet
Several others divide PS into separate basins (>200 m)
Main Basin has 46% of water volume
Sinuous shape – result of originSouthern Basin has 29% of shorelines
Fluvial (river) sediment supplyfills PS from shorelineWhidbey Basin has 43% of tidelands
Hydrography (water properties)
Salinity (amount of salt dissolved in water)river water has 0 ppt (parts per thousand)
ocean water has ~35 ppt – differs around world
brackish water at depth in PS – 20-30 ppt
Density (low salinity = low density)river plume flows over more dense brackish
water
Input of river water - varies with space and timenorthern PS rivers supply the most watersmall input during late summerlarge input during late autumn and winter rainslarge input during spring snowmelt
Types of river-mouth environments
estuary – semi-enclosed setting river and salt water meet and mix
fjord – estuary with glacial origin deep, with shallow sill near mouth
delta – river mouth receiving much sediment
estuary filled with sediment shoreline growing seaward
Puget Sound Sedimentation
Sources of sedimentshallow – shoreline erosion, landslides
deep – biological productivity, algal debris much carbon decomposes,
forming methane gas
all depths – river discharge deltas form near river mouths river plume carries sediment
deeper
near sill – inflow with deep ocean water
Mechanisms associated with Sedimentation
plume transport – turbid surface waterriver momentum, tides, wind
flocculation – silt and clay particles form larger aggregates, which sink quickly