Accessibility Awareness Lawrence Najjar

Accessibility Accessibility AwarenessAwarenessLawrence NajjarLawrence Najjar

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OutlineOutline

PurposePurpose Accessibility awareness quizAccessibility awareness quiz DefinitionsDefinitions Section 508Section 508 Accessibility requirementsAccessibility requirements Accessibility resourcesAccessibility resources Accessibility verification toolsAccessibility verification tools SummarySummary

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PurposePurpose

Improve accessibility awarenessImprove accessibility awareness

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Accessibility Awareness QuizAccessibility Awareness Quiz

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Question 1Question 1

How many people in the world have a How many people in the world have a disability?disability?

a) Over 50,000 peoplea) Over 50,000 peopleb) Over 500,000 peopleb) Over 500,000 peoplec) Over 5 million peoplec) Over 5 million peopled) Over 50 million peopled) Over 50 million peoplee) Over 500 million people e) Over 500 million people

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AnswerAnswer

How many people in the world have a How many people in the world have a disability?disability?

e) Over 500 million peoplee) Over 500 million people

Source: United Nations (2002). The UN and persons with disabilities: United Source: United Nations (2002). The UN and persons with disabilities: United Nations commitment to advancement of the status of persons with Nations commitment to advancement of the status of persons with disabilities [On-line]. Available: disabilities [On-line]. Available: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/disun.htmhttp://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/disun.htm

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Question 2Question 2

What percentage of Americans have What percentage of Americans have disabilities?disabilities?

a) 10%a) 10%b) 20%b) 20%c) 30%c) 30%d) 40%d) 40%e) 50% e) 50%

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AnswerAnswer

What percentage of Americans have What percentage of Americans have disabilities?disabilities?

b) 20% (about 54 million people)b) 20% (about 54 million people)

Source: McNeil, J. M. (1997, August). Current population reports: Americans Source: McNeil, J. M. (1997, August). Current population reports: Americans with disabilities: 1994-95. Census Bureau (P70-61) [On-line]. Available: with disabilities: 1994-95. Census Bureau (P70-61) [On-line]. Available: http://www.census.gov/prod/3/97pubs/p70-61.pdfhttp://www.census.gov/prod/3/97pubs/p70-61.pdf

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Question 3Question 3

What is the most common disability amongWhat is the most common disability amongAmericans?Americans?

a) Grasping objects a) Grasping objects b) Hearingb) Hearingc) Seeingc) Seeingd) Speakingd) Speakinge) Walking/using stairs e) Walking/using stairs

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AnswerAnswer

What is the most common disability amongWhat is the most common disability amongAmericans?Americans?

e) Walking/using stairse) Walking/using stairs

Source: U.S. Census Bureau (1997). Americans with disabilities: 1997 – Table2 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (1997). Americans with disabilities: 1997 – Table2 [On-line]. Available: [On-line]. Available: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disable/sipp/disab97/ds97t2.htmlhttp://www.census.gov/hhes/www/disable/sipp/disab97/ds97t2.html

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Question 4Question 4

What percentage of legally blind people readWhat percentage of legally blind people readBraille?Braille?

a) 10%a) 10%b) 25%b) 25%c) 50%c) 50%d) 75%d) 75%e) 100% e) 100%

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AnswerAnswer

What percentage of legally blind people readWhat percentage of legally blind people readBraille?Braille?

a) 10% a) 10% Source: Web, C. Myths about vision loss and blindness [On-line]. Available: Source: Web, C. Myths about vision loss and blindness [On-line]. Available:

http://www.99main.com/~charlief/vi/myths.htmlhttp://www.99main.com/~charlief/vi/myths.html

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Question 5Question 5

What percentage of men are color deficient?What percentage of men are color deficient?

a) 1%a) 1%b) 4%b) 4%c) 8%c) 8%d) 12%d) 12%e) 16% e) 16%

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AnswerAnswer

What percentage of men are color deficient?What percentage of men are color deficient?

c) 8%c) 8%

Source: American Optometric Association. Color deficiency [On-line]. Source: American Optometric Association. Color deficiency [On-line]. Available: Available: http://www.aoa.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?http://www.aoa.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?site=AOAstage&WebCode=ColorDeficiencysite=AOAstage&WebCode=ColorDeficiency

Note: Less than 1% of women are color deficient. Only about 0.005% of Note: Less than 1% of women are color deficient. Only about 0.005% of people are truly color blind people are truly color blind

Henderson, C. Color vision [On-line]. Available: Henderson, C. Color vision [On-line]. Available: http://www.iamcal.com/toys/colors/stats.phphttp://www.iamcal.com/toys/colors/stats.php

Newman, J. D. (1998). Color blindness [On-line]. Available: Newman, J. D. (1998). Color blindness [On-line]. Available: http://srv2.http://srv2.lycominglycoming..eduedu/~/~newmannewman/courses/bio22298//courses/bio22298/disorderpapersdisorderpapers/Colorblindness/preliminary./Colorblindness/preliminary.htmhtm))

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Question 6Question 6

What is the unemployment rate for working age What is the unemployment rate for working age Americans with severe disabilities (ex. cannot Americans with severe disabilities (ex. cannot

seeseeor cannot hear)?or cannot hear)?

a) 6%a) 6%b) 10%b) 10%c) 14%c) 14%d) 36%d) 36%e) 70% e) 70%

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AnswerAnswer

What is the unemployment rate for working What is the unemployment rate for working age age

Americans with severe disabilities (ex. cannot Americans with severe disabilities (ex. cannot see see

or cannot hear)?or cannot hear)?

e) 70%e) 70%Sources: Bureau of the Census (1994, January). Americans with disabilities. Sources: Bureau of the Census (1994, January). Americans with disabilities.

Bureau of the Census statistical brief [On-line]. Available: Bureau of the Census statistical brief [On-line]. Available: http://www.http://www.sippsipp.census..census.govgov//sippsipp/sb94_01./sb94_01.pdfpdf))

Williams, J. (2001, September 7). Making Uncle Sam accessible – and Williams, J. (2001, September 7). Making Uncle Sam accessible – and accountable. BusinessWeek Online [On-line]. Available: accountable. BusinessWeek Online [On-line]. Available: http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/sep2001/sb2001097_766.htmhttp://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/sep2001/sb2001097_766.htm

Kaye, H. S. (1998, May). Is the status of people with disabilities improving? Kaye, H. S. (1998, May). Is the status of people with disabilities improving? Disability Statistics Abstract, 21 [On-line]. Available: Disability Statistics Abstract, 21 [On-line]. Available: http://www.dsc.ucsf.edu/UCSF/pdf/ABSTRACT21.pdfhttp://www.dsc.ucsf.edu/UCSF/pdf/ABSTRACT21.pdf

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Question 7Question 7

What is the earning difference for disabled What is the earning difference for disabled workers workers

compared to non-disabled workers?compared to non-disabled workers?

a) -20%a) -20%b) 0%b) 0%c) 10%c) 10%d) 20%d) 20%e) 30% e) 30%

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AnswerAnswer

What is the earning difference for disabled What is the earning difference for disabled workers workers

compared to non-disabled workers?compared to non-disabled workers?

a) -20%a) -20%

Source: Kaye, H. S. (1998, May). Is the status of people with disabilities Source: Kaye, H. S. (1998, May). Is the status of people with disabilities improving? Disability Statistics Abstract, 21 [On-line]. Available: improving? Disability Statistics Abstract, 21 [On-line]. Available: http://www.dsc.ucsf.edu/UCSF/pdf/ABSTRACT21.pdfhttp://www.dsc.ucsf.edu/UCSF/pdf/ABSTRACT21.pdf

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Question 8Question 8

Of Americans receiving government Of Americans receiving government assistance (ex.assistance (ex.

food, rent), what percentage are disabled?food, rent), what percentage are disabled?

a) 10%a) 10%b) 20%b) 20%c) 30%c) 30%d) 40%d) 40%e) 50% e) 50%

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AnswerAnswer

Of Americans receiving government Of Americans receiving government assistance (ex.assistance (ex.

food, rent), what percentage are disabled?food, rent), what percentage are disabled?

e) 50%e) 50%

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce (1997, December). Census brief: Source: U.S. Department of Commerce (1997, December). Census brief: Disabilities affect one-fifth of all Americans (CENBR/97-5) [On-line]. Disabilities affect one-fifth of all Americans (CENBR/97-5) [On-line]. Available: http://www.census.gov/prod/3/97pubs/cenbr975.pdfAvailable: http://www.census.gov/prod/3/97pubs/cenbr975.pdf

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Question 9Question 9

What percentage of Americans 45 or older What percentage of Americans 45 or older has a has a

disability?disability?

a) 15%a) 15%b) 30%b) 30%c) 45%c) 45%d) 60%d) 60%e) 75% e) 75%

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AnswerAnswer

What percentage of Americans 45 or older What percentage of Americans 45 or older has a has a

disability?disability?

c) 45%c) 45%

Source: Bureau of the Census (1994, January). Americans with disabilities. Source: Bureau of the Census (1994, January). Americans with disabilities. Bureau of the Census statistical brief [On-line]. Available: Bureau of the Census statistical brief [On-line]. Available: http://www.sipp.census.gov/sipp/sb94_01.pdfhttp://www.sipp.census.gov/sipp/sb94_01.pdf

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Question 10Question 10

In 2010, what percentage of the American In 2010, what percentage of the American Workforce will be 40 or older?Workforce will be 40 or older?

a) 11%a) 11%b) 21%b) 21%c) 31%c) 31%d) 41%d) 41%e) 51% e) 51%

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AnswerAnswer

In 2010, what percentage of the American In 2010, what percentage of the American workforce will be 40 or older?workforce will be 40 or older?

e) 51%e) 51%

Source: Source: Microsoft. Shifting workplace demographics and delayed retirement Microsoft. Shifting workplace demographics and delayed retirement [On-line]. Available: [On-line]. Available: http://www.microsoft.com/enable/aging/demographics.aspx http://www.microsoft.com/enable/aging/demographics.aspx

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DefinitionsDefinitions

Disability -- FDisability -- Functional limitation in vision, unctional limitation in vision, hearing, movement, manipulation (for hearing, movement, manipulation (for example, fine movements to use mouse), example, fine movements to use mouse), speech, and interpretation of information speech, and interpretation of information (for example, dyslexia and other cognitive (for example, dyslexia and other cognitive challenges)challenges)

Accessibility – Providing persons with Accessibility – Providing persons with disabilities comparable access to and use disabilities comparable access to and use of information and data as persons without of information and data as persons without disabilitiesdisabilities

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Section 508Section 508

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act amendments of 1998amendments of 1998

For Federal purchases of information For Federal purchases of information technologytechnology

Requires Federal employees and members Requires Federal employees and members of the public of the public withwith disabilities to have disabilities to have access to and use of information and data access to and use of information and data comparablecomparable to that of employees and to that of employees and members of the public members of the public withoutwithout disabilities disabilities

Is spreading beyond Federal governmentIs spreading beyond Federal government

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Some Accessibility RequirementsSome Accessibility Requirements

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Provide Keyboard-Only Access to Provide Keyboard-Only Access to All FunctionsAll Functions

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Use Variable Font SizesUse Variable Font Sizes

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Larger Font SizeLarger Font Size

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Don’t Use Color as Only Way to Don’t Use Color as Only Way to Convey InformationConvey Information

BeforeBefore

AfterAfter

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Provide Equivalent Text for Provide Equivalent Text for GraphicsGraphics

GoGo

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Provide Text Equivalents for Provide Text Equivalents for MultimediaMultimedia

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Design Web Pages to Make Sense Design Web Pages to Make Sense When Users Turn Off Cascading When Users Turn Off Cascading

Style SheetsStyle Sheets

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Use Table SUMMARY and CAPTION Use Table SUMMARY and CAPTION TagsTags

<TABLE <TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1 FRAME=BOX BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1 FRAME=BOX summary="This database status summary table summary="This database status summary table lists the Status, Office, Datasource, and DBMS lists the Status, Office, Datasource, and DBMS (column headings) and the regions (rows)">(column headings) and the regions (rows)"><CAPTION>Database Backups</CAPTION><CAPTION>Database Backups</CAPTION><TR> <TR> <TH></TH> <TH></TH> <TH id="c2">Status</TH><TH id="c2">Status</TH> <TH id="c3">Office</TH><TH id="c3">Office</TH> <TH id="c4">Datasource</TH><TH id="c4">Datasource</TH> <TH id="c5">DBMS</TH><TH id="c5">DBMS</TH> </TR></TR> <TR> <TH id="r2">East Region</TH><TR> <TH id="r2">East Region</TH> <TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR> <TD id="r3" ></TD><TR> <TD id="r3" ></TD> <TD headers="c2 r2<TD headers="c2 r2 r3r3"">Failed</TD>>Failed</TD> <TD headers="c3 r2 r3">New York</TD><TD headers="c3 r2 r3">New York</TD> <TD headers="c4 r2 r3">zimbabwe : ZIM817MA</TD><TD headers="c4 r2 r3">zimbabwe : ZIM817MA</TD> <TD headers="c5 r2 r3">Oracle 8.0.5</TD></TR><TD headers="c5 r2 r3">Oracle 8.0.5</TD></TR>......</TABLE></TABLE>

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Accessibility ResourcesAccessibility Resources Feigenbaum, B. A. (2002, October 1). Coding for Feigenbaum, B. A. (2002, October 1). Coding for

accessibility – Use JFC/Swing to build accessibility into accessibility – Use JFC/Swing to build accessibility into your Java applications [On-line]. Available: your Java applications [On-line]. Available: http://www-106.http://www-106.ibmibm.com/.com/developerworksdeveloperworks/java/library/j-access//java/library/j-access/

Section 508 [On-line]. Available: Section 508 [On-line]. Available: http://www.access-http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/act.htmboard.gov/sec508/guide/act.htm

Sun Microsystems (2003). Accessibility quick reference Sun Microsystems (2003). Accessibility quick reference [On-line]. Available: [On-line]. Available: http://www.sun.com/access/ developers/access.quick.rhttp://www.sun.com/access/ developers/access.quick.ref.html#ef.html#apptipsapptips

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Web accessibility World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Web accessibility initiative [On-line]. Available: http://www.w3.org/WAI/initiative [On-line]. Available: http://www.w3.org/WAI/

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Accessibility Verification ToolsAccessibility Verification Tools A-prompt (A-prompt (http://http://apromptaprompt.snow..snow.utorontoutoronto.ca/index.html.ca/index.html)) Bobby (Bobby (http://bobby.http://bobby.watchfirewatchfire.com/bobby/html/en/index..com/bobby/html/en/index.jspjsp) ) Connect Outloud Connect Outloud

(http://www.hj.com/fs_downloads/connect_form.asp)(http://www.hj.com/fs_downloads/connect_form.asp) LIFT (LIFT (http://www.http://www.usablenetusablenet.com/.com/)) Lynx (Lynx (http://lynx.browser.org/http://lynx.browser.org/) ) Monochrome printerMonochrome printer Navigation with non-dominant handNavigation with non-dominant hand Vischeck (Vischeck (http://www.http://www.vischeckvischeck.com/.com/)) WAVE (WAVE (http://www.wave.http://www.wave.webaimwebaim.org/index..org/index.jspjsp)) Web Page Backward Compatibility Viewer (Web Page Backward Compatibility Viewer (http://www.http://www.

deloriedelorie.com/web/.com/web/wpbcvwpbcv.html.html))

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SummarySummary

For maximum accessibility:For maximum accessibility: Design in accessibility from the startDesign in accessibility from the start Verify accessibility with checklists, tools, Verify accessibility with checklists, tools,

and accessibility testsand accessibility tests

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Some Accessibility SuggestionsSome Accessibility Suggestions Use cascading style sheets (example)Use cascading style sheets (example) Provide high contrast for text (example)Provide high contrast for text (example) Use variable page and column widths (example)Use variable page and column widths (example) Use tab order that makes sense to users (example)Use tab order that makes sense to users (example) Use meaningful link text (example)Use meaningful link text (example) Use ID, LABEL, and FOR to associate prompts and Use ID, LABEL, and FOR to associate prompts and

entry fields in forms (example)entry fields in forms (example) Use ID tags to label cells in tables (example)Use ID tags to label cells in tables (example) For Javascript events, such as onMouseover, provide For Javascript events, such as onMouseover, provide

text alternatives (example)text alternatives (example) Provide a way for users to skip lists of site navigation Provide a way for users to skip lists of site navigation

links (example)links (example) Don’t use unnecessary graphics (example)Don’t use unnecessary graphics (example)

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Example for “Example for “Use cascading style Use cascading style sheets”sheets”

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Example for “Example for “Provide high contrast for Provide high contrast for text”text”

BeforeBefore

AfterAfter

Date (mm/dd/yyyy):

Date (mm/dd/yyyy):

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Example for “Example for “Use variable page Use variable page and column widths-A”and column widths-A”

Fixed WidthFixed Width

Variable Variable WidthWidth

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Example for “Example for “Use variable page Use variable page and column widths-B”and column widths-B”

Fixed WidthFixed Width

Variable Variable WidthWidth

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Example for “Example for “Use tab order that Use tab order that makes sense to users”makes sense to users”

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Example for “Example for “Use meaningful link Use meaningful link text”text”

BeforeBeforeTo contact Support, To contact Support, click hereclick here..

AfterAfterContact SupportContact Support

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Example for “Example for “Use ID, LABEL, and FOR Use ID, LABEL, and FOR to associate prompts and entry fields to associate prompts and entry fields

in forms”in forms”<table><table><TR><TR> <TH align="left"><TH align="left"> <LABEL for="FN">First Name</LABEL><LABEL for="FN">First Name</LABEL></TH></TH> <TH align="left"><TH align="left"> <LABEL for="MI">Middle Initial</LABEL></TH><LABEL for="MI">Middle Initial</LABEL></TH> <TH align="left"><TH align="left"> <LABEL for="LN">Last Name</LABEL></TH><LABEL for="LN">Last Name</LABEL></TH></TR></TR><TR><TR>

<TD><TD> <INPUT type="text" name="Fname" <INPUT type="text" name="Fname" id="FNid="FN">"> </TD></TD> <TD><TD> <INPUT type="text" name="Mname" id="MN"><INPUT type="text" name="Mname" id="MN"> </TD></TD><TD><TD> <INPUT type="text" name="Lname" id="LN"><INPUT type="text" name="Lname" id="LN"> </TD></TD></TR></TR></table></table>

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Example of “Example of “Use ID tags to label cells Use ID tags to label cells in tables”in tables”

<TABLE <TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1 FRAME=BOX BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=1 FRAME=BOX summary="This database status summary table summary="This database status summary table lists the Status, Office, Datasource, and DBMS lists the Status, Office, Datasource, and DBMS (column headings) and the regions (rows)">(column headings) and the regions (rows)"><CAPTION>Database Backups</CAPTION><CAPTION>Database Backups</CAPTION><TR> <TR> <TH></TH> <TH></TH> <TH <TH id="c2"id="c2">Status</TH>>Status</TH> <TH id="c3">Office</TH><TH id="c3">Office</TH> <TH id="c4">Datasource</TH><TH id="c4">Datasource</TH> <TH id="c5">DBMS</TH><TH id="c5">DBMS</TH> </TR></TR> <TR> <TH <TR> <TH id="r2"id="r2">East Region</TH>>East Region</TH> <TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR> <TR> <TD id="r3" ></TD><TR> <TD id="r3" ></TD> <TD <TD headers="c2 r2 headers="c2 r2 r3r3"">Failed</TD>>Failed</TD> <TD headers="c3 r2 r3">New York</TD><TD headers="c3 r2 r3">New York</TD> <TD headers="c4 r2 r3">zimbabwe : ZIM817MA</TD><TD headers="c4 r2 r3">zimbabwe : ZIM817MA</TD> <TD headers="c5 r2 r3">Oracle 8.0.5</TD></TR><TD headers="c5 r2 r3">Oracle 8.0.5</TD></TR>......</TABLE></TABLE>

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Example for “Example for “For Javascript events, For Javascript events, such as onMouseover, provide text such as onMouseover, provide text

alternatives”alternatives”

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Example of “Example of “Provide a way for Provide a way for users to skip lists of site users to skip lists of site

navigation links” navigation links”

<a href="#main"><img alt="Skip to main content" height="1" width="1" border="0" src="//www.ibm.com/i/c.gif"/></a>. . .<a name="main"><!--Main Content--></a> . . .

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Example of “Example of “Don’t use unnecessary Don’t use unnecessary graphics”graphics”

http://www.flamingtext.com/