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AccesstoInformation
ForYouthandtheirCommunities
inUgandaReportpreparedby:SethHerr,ParadoxAlley
MarchJune2010
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HandoverNotesfromMeetingwithUNICEFFellowJean-Marc
Lefebure
DigitalDrumReconstruction/InformationAccessAmajorityofwhatwasdiscussedduringthehandovermeetingwithJean-MarcLefeburewasdetailsofthedesignandmanufactureprocessoftheDrumasitcurrentlyexists(secondrevisionprototype).Jean-Marcdetailedthecurrentrevisionandwediscussedtheareasofthedesignthatcouldbeimprovedforthenextrevisions
BasicDDdesignandbuildprocessneedstobeaddressed
Waterproofing Reducekeyboardexpense Hardensolarpowerdatacollectionsystem Createout-of-bandmanagementsystem(GPRS,powermanagement) Displaybrightnessconcerns Loweroverallpowerenvelope ExplorealternativebatterychemistriesandcompareTCO/lifespan/impact
ofoperatingenvironment/availability
Overallneedstobeaddressed:
LocatesuppliersofroutinelyusedpartsinKampala Identifylocalbusinessescapableofsupportingdrumbuild,painters,metal
shops,electronictechnicians,etc. DevelopsustainablemodelforsupportandmaintenanceoftheDrum Developauser-friendlyinterfaceforDrum RefinesecurityofoperatingsystemontheDrum
WediscussedsomepossibleapproachestointeresttheprivatesectorindevelopingandmaintainingtheDrumsuchasitspotentialtobeusedasapay-per-useinternetaccesspoint,potentialuseasacellularphonechargingstationandsubsidizingproductionandoperatingexpensesthroughadvertisingonthedevice(physicalbrandingonthecase).
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SolarPowerinRuralUganda:UseCasesandRecommendations
ThepurposeofthisdocumentistodetailpotentialusecasesforsolarpowerinruralUgandaaswellasprovidingsomepurchasingrecommendationsforsolarsystemsto
suiteachusecasebasedoncurrentlyavailabletechnology.Astechnologybecomesmoreinvolvedineveryaspectofourlives,theneedforgenerationofsustainable,cleanelectricitytopowerthedeviceswerelyuponincreases.Whileadvancesarebeingmade,UgandalacksareliableelectricalutilityinfrastructurebeyondthecitiesofEntebbeandKampala,drivinganeedforsmall-scalegenerationsystems.Whilefossilfuel-basedgeneratorshaveaplaceinsomeenvironments,theyprovetobetooexpensiveanddifficulttomaintainforsmaller-scaleinstallations.Therearequiteafewsituationswherepowergenerationisrequiredbutthecostofinstalling,maintainingandfuellingatraditionalgeneratoroutweighsthebenefit.Solarpowerisasolutionperfectlysuitedforthese
installations.Thisdocumentwillfocusonthreeprimaryuse-cases:YouthCentercomputerfacilities,PrimaryteachercollegesandMaternityclinicsinruralhealthcenters.Allthreefacilitiesrequiremorepowerthanisgenerallyavailabletothemviaconventionalmeansbutrarelyhavethefundingtoinstallandupkeepfossil-fueledgeneratingsystems.ThesefacilitieshavebeenidentifiedashavingthegreatestpotentialimpactforUnicefUganda'sKeepChildrenAliveandKeepChildrenLearninginitiatives.
I.Theavailableandemergingtechnologies:Currentlyavailablesolarcollectortechnologiescanbesummarisedasbeingoftwoavailablecategories:CrystallineandThin-film.Bothhavetheiradvantagesandaresuitableforcertaininstallations.Crystallinemodulesaregenerallymoreefficient(20%-28%asopposedto7%-15%)andhavealowerpowergeneratingthresholdthanthin-filmcollectors.Thismeansthatcrystallinemoduleswilloutputuseablepowerevenonovercastdayswhereasthin-filmmodulesgenerallyrequiredirectsunlighttooutputclosetotheirratedcapacity.Anadvantageofthin-filmmodulesovercrystallinemodulesisthattheyareflexableandcanbeadaptedtomanyinstallationsnotsuitedfortraditionalmodulesorinareaswhereglass-based
modulesaresimplynotruggedenough.Developmentisunderwayonvariousformsofprintedsolarcells.Thesetechnologiesaregenerallymanufacturedusingroll-to-rollprocessingwhichallowsforlargescalerapidproductionatextremelylowcost.Printedthin-filmscanbeintegratedintobuildingtechnologiesallowingforrelativelytheftproofinstallationswithouttheadditionalcostsassociatedwithtraditionalsolarinstallations.
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Thedecisionofwhattypeoftechnologyisappropriatemustbemadeonacasebycasebasiswiththeprimaryinfluencingfactorbeingwhattechnologyiswidelyavailableatthetimeofinstallation.Historically,crystallinemoduleshavebeenthemostcommonlyimportedtechnologyinUgandaandwilllikelybethesolutionofchoiceforthenext2to5years.Itshouldbenotedthatasproductionofthin-film
androll-to-rollprintedsolarcellsincreases,thecost-per-Wattofthistechnologyshoulddramaticallydecrease.Thin-filmandprintedmodulesaremoretolerantofimpactandresistanttodamageduringshippingthancrystalinemodules,whichshouldmakethemmorewidelyavailableinthecomingyears.Itislikelythatthin-filmtechnologywillbecomeaviablereplacementinthemidtolongtermbutasitisnotcurrentlywidelyavailable,wewillfocusoncrystallinepanelsforthedurationofthisdocument.
II.Theusecases:
YouthCenters:Manyruralcommunitieshavenolibrariesandverylittleaccesstoinformation.Thepresenceofcomputerswithreadilyavailablereferencematerialsandeducationalprogramshasproventohaveasignificantlypositiveinfluenceonchildrenandyoungadult.Notonlydoeshavinginformationavailabletothemencouragelearning,theabilityofyoungpeopletofamiliarizethemselveswithcomputerswillgivethemasignificantadvantagelateroninlife.Anotherkeyelementistheprovisionoflightingtofacilitatelearningandsafetyafterdark.Thereareveryfewplacesaccessibletoyouthinruralcommunitiesthathaveartificiallightingsoschoolworkcannotbedoneaftersunsetwhichcompeteswith(andisusuallyforsakenfor)othertaskssuchaswatercollectionandhusbandry.
Installationrecommendations1DigitalDrumunit-toactasbothserverandclientaccesspoint(Powerrequirement:60W@12VDCfor1440Watthr/dayatfullloadfullruntime)2012WfluorescenttypeLEDbulb(Powerrequirement:240W@12VDCfortotalof1440Watthr/dayat6hoursofuseperdayforalllights)Thisgivesapreliminaryrequirementof~3KWhoursperdayforlaptopsandlighting.
6pcs130Wsolarpanels4pcs12VDC225AhGeldeepcyclebatteries150AmpchargecontrollerWire,switchesandcircuitbreakersasneededperinstallationandsafetycoderequirementsMountingbracketsandhardwareasneededforsolarpanels
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Expectedsolarpowersystemcosts(Preliminarycostestimatebasedonmostrecentinformation):$8,000SeeAppendixAfornotes
PrimaryTeacherColleges:PrimaryTeacherColleges(PTCs)arethestartingpointforUganda'sfutureeducators.TheeducationstudentsreceiveintheirPTCwillsetthestagefortheeducationofthousandsofUgandanchildren.ItisvitalthatthestudentsfollowingthecourseforgraduationfromtheNationalTeacherCollegeshavethebestfoundationofknowledgesotheycanbetterserveaseducatorstothethousandsofchildrenthatwillpassthroughtheirclassroomslaterinlife.AmassivejumpinthequalityofeducationstudentsinPTCsreceivecanberealizedbysimplyprovidingaccesstoeducationalmaterialsandbasiclightingforstudents.MostPTCshaveat
leastlimitedaccesstoelectricityduringtheearlyeveningbutcouldbenefitfromreliableandself-sufficientpowersystems,thiswillallowPTCstudentstoextendtheirlearningdaywellintotheeveningandprovideunprecedentedaccesstoinformationineventhemostremotePTCsinUganda.Installationrecommendations2DigitalDrumunits(1unitperapproximately150students)-(Powerrequirement:120W@12VDCfor2,880Watthr/dayatfullloadfullruntime)12low-costlaptop-tobeusedincomputerlab(Powerrequirement:10W@12VDC/ea.fortotalof1200Watthr/dayat10hoursofuseperdayforalllaptops)
4012WfluorescenttypeLEDbulb(Powerrequirement:480W@12VDCfortotalof2880Watthr/dayat6hoursofuseperdayforalllights)Preliminarypowerrequirementis~7KWhoursperday.TheDigitalDrumsforthisinstallationshouldbefittedwithmainspowersuppliesaswellasstandardsolarsystemstoallowforreducedsolarrequirements.12pcs130Wsolarpanels8pcs12VDC225AhGeldeepcyclebatteries150AmpchargecontrollerWire,switchesandcircuitbreakersasneededperinstallationandsafetycoderequirementsMountingbracketsandhardwareasneededforsolarpanelsExpectedsolarpowersystemcosts(Preliminarycostestimatebasedonmostrecentinformation):~$16,000.00SeeAppendixBfornotes
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MaternityclinicinaruralhealthcenterInUganda,UNICEFsupportedhealthcentersconsistoftype2andtype3designations.Type2healthcentersaresmaller,justabovevillagelevelclinics.They
providebasicprimarycare,immunization,natalcareandlimitednormaldeliverieswhenamidwifeisavailable.Type3healthcentersprovidethesamecarewiththeadditionofminorsurgeryandcaesarianbirth.Bothfacilitiessufferfromlackofconsistentpowersupplycreatinglimitedhoursofavailablecareanddifficultyduringemergencyprocedures.Installationrecommendation
612WfluorescenttypeLEDbulb(Powerrequirement:72W@12VDCfortotalof~460Watthr/dayat6hoursofuseperdayforalllights)424WLEDsurgicallights(Powerrequirement:96W@12VDCfortotalof~400
Watthr/dayat4hoursofuseperday)2-60Amp-hourSLAorGeldeepcyclebattery1PhocosCX1010Achargecontroller2100WattSolarpanel2LEDheadlampswithinternalrechargeablebatteryorAAArechargeablebatteries4setsbatteriesforLEDheadlampsand12VDCchargingstationWireandswitchesasneededperlightingandinstallationrequirementsMountingbracketsandhardwareasneededforsolarpanels
Expectedsystemcosts(Preliminarycostestimatebasedonmostrecentinformation):~$2,000.00
seeAppendixCfornotes
III.Lookingforward:Theseusecasesoutlinesshouldservetoactasabasictemplateforsizingandestimatingsystems.Theyare,however,basedonanumberofgeneralizationsand
assumptionsandwilllikelyneedtailoringtospecificapplications.EveryscenarioisinfluencedbynumerousvariablesthatarefarbeyondthescopeofthisdocumentbutthisshouldserveasastartingpointforestimatingpowersolutionsinruralUgandaandwillbeupdatedwithreal-lifeUsecases,solutions,pricing,systemssizingandoutcomesastheybecomeavailable.
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Notes:
Ineverycase,solarsizingisbasedona20%overagetoallowforbatterychargestatestoremainover50%thusprolongingbatterylifespan.AllpriceestimatesforDigitalDrumarebasedonprototypecostsandarelikelytodecrease.SolarsystemcostestimatesarebasedoncompetitivebidpricingformKampalacircaApril2010andarelikelytofluctuate.
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AccesstoInformationandInternetConnectivitySolutionsfor
RuralAreas
Themaximthatknowledgeispowerhasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Inthedevelopedworldwehaveavirtuallyunlimitedamountofinformationavailable
whichenablesustomakemuchbetterandmoreinformeddecisionsinmuchlesstime.Inthepast,criticaldecisionswouldbeheldupormisdirectedbyalackoffullinformation.Thislackoftimelycommunicationcanresultinanythingfrompooreducationtothedeathofthoseunfortunateenoughtobeonthewrongsideofthegap.UNICEFisexploringhowgreaterconnectivitycanfacilitatenotonlythedisseminationofeducationalmaterialsinruralUgandabutalsothecollectionofrelevantdatatoallowamorestreamlinedlogisticsprocess.Up-to-theminuteinformationonvitalindicatorswillallowUNICEFUgandatodivertmedication,supplies,andotherresourcestoareaswheretheycanhavethemostimpacttothose
inneed.Thefirststepinthisprocesswillbetheintroductionofself-containedsolar-powered"hub"systems.ThesewillbelocatedinareassuchasYouthcenters,HealthcentersandPTCs.Theywillprimarilyservethepurposeofdisseminationofeducationalmaterialsbutwillalsoserveweb-basedapplicationsforlogisticsandsupplymanagementthatarecurrentlybeingdevelopedbyUgandasT4DteamaswellastheInnovationsectioninNewYork.Theeventualaimistohaveatwo-waycommunicationsnetworkthatcoversthemostunderservedareasinUgandaandprovidesaconduitforeducational,safetyandhealthinformationtothecommunitieswheretheyareinstalled.
Therearethreebasicstepstotherolloutofthistypeofinfrastructure:
1. Remotestand-alonesiteswithlimitedinternetconnectivity2. Linkingremotesitetoeachotherviahigh-speedwirelessorotheravailable
technologytocreatewebsofsites3. Linkingthewebstoeachotherandtheinternetasawholeoncefundingand
connectivityoptionsallowforgreaterbandwidth
Thefirststeprequiresthatcontentandapplicationsarestoredlocallyondevicesinstalledinremotecommunities.Therearetwomajoraspectstotheinitialphaseofthisprocess,devicedevelopmentanddeployment(hardware)andcontentandinterfacedevelopment(software).DevelopmentofthehardwareiswellunderwayinUgandawithprojectssuchastheDigitalDoorway,theCommunityComputingsystem(DigitalDrum),theRachelInitiative,Inveneoandothers.TheCommunityComputingsystemisnowenteringitsthirdroundofdevelopmentandwillbedrawingonthelessonswehavelearnedtoovercomesomeofthelastremainingobstaclesrelatingtohardwaredeploymentsinruralareas.
Oneofthemostcrucialaspectsofthisphaseofdevelopmentisthecohesivecollectionofrelevantcontentanddevelopmentofanintuitiveandeasytouseinterfacetothatcontent.Thiswillrequiretheactiveparticipationofallsectionsand
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Ministriesthatintendtocontributetotheproject.Contentwillneedtobestandardizedintoaformatthatisnotonlytrulyportableandaccessibleacrossallavailablecomputingplatformstodaybutalsofreefromtheencumbrancesofrestrictivelicensing.Itisvitaltothesuccessofthisphaseoftheprojectthatallcontentcanbedistributedthroughanyavailablechanneltodriveinterestandco-
operationfromasmanypartiesaspossible.
Duringtheinitialphasesoftheruggedcomputingrollout,itistobeexpectedthatsomeifnotallsiteswillhavelimitedtonoInternetaccess,themainchannelfordistributionandcollectionofdatawillthereforehavetorelyonhuman-baseddatatransportation.Technicianswhoaretrainedtomaintainthemachinesattheinitialinstallationsiteswillberesponsibleforthedistributionandcollectionofdataviaexternaldriveswhichwillthanbecollatedandapprovedatthecentralupdateserverpriortobeingdistributedtotheremainderofthenetworkonsubsequentvisits.
Oncestand-alonesiteshavebeenestablishedincentralareas,itwillbepossibletolinknearbyareasviahigh-speedwirelessinternetsolutionsashavebeendemonstratedbyorganizationssuchasBOSCOintheAcholiregion(SeeAnnexD).Thiswillallowmanysitestosharecontentandcreatecommunicationschannelsbetweencurrentlyseparatedfacilities.Internallydevelopedcurriculumandcontentcollectedfromconnectedsiteswillbesharablethoughallconnectedfacilitiesinstantaneously.Communitiescanbedevelopedaroundcommoninterestsandinformationaboutsurroundingareaswillbequicklyavailabletolinkedinstallations.Thisextendingofthenetworkswillallowschools,PTCsandCommunityCenterswiththeirowncomputerlabstofreelyaccessthecontentandcommunitiesestablishedaroundtheDigitalDoorwayandCommunityComputingsites.
ThefinalphaseofthisprojectwillbetheinterconnectingofthephasetwowebsandconnectingthegreaternetworkstotheInternetasawhole.Thisphasewillrequireaclosere-evaluationofthetechnologyavailableandtheoverallcosttomaintain.ItishopedthatinterconnectedsiteswouldbeabletosharethecostburdenofInternetaccessthusloweringtheoverallcosttoconnectdiversesites.
CurrentlyavailabletechnologyforinternetconnectivityinruralUganda:
3g/GPRS/cellularconnectivitythistechnologyisavailableinalmostallpartsofUganda.Cellularconnectivityisrelativelyinexpensivebutdoesnothavethebandwidthtosupportmorethan1or2usersinaliveenvironment.Speedsvaryfrom14kbpsto1300kbpsdependingonprovider,infrastructure,transmissiontechnologyandenvironmentalfactors.Itispossibletoallowfortime-delayedsynchronizingofdataoveracellularconnectionanditisbeingconsideredasamanagementandmaintenancechannelfortheinitialruggedizedcomputingsystems.Cellularconnectivitytendstobebilledonatotaltrafficpermonthbasiswhereinboundandoutboundbandwidthisaggregatedandasetlimitisimposedon
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devices.AsofAugust2010,3GcellularconnectivityinUgandaattherateof3GBtransferredpermonthis85,000/=(UGX)(1)(2),EDGE/GPRS64kbpsunlimitedtransferplansareavailablefromUTLfor220,000/=(UGX)(3)andZainfor200,000/=(UGX)(4).
VSATthistechnologyisavailableatvirtuallyanyrurallocation.Itismoreexpensivethancellularconnectivitybutcanprovidemuchgreaterbandwidth.Duetoitshighlatency,VSATconnectivityisnotrecommendedforenvironmentswhereVoIPorsimilarliveaudio/videoconferencingapplicationswillberequired.LowcostVSATsolutionstendtohaveamuchhigherdownloadbandwidththanuploadbandwidth,thiswouldallowforrelativelyfastdeploymentofdataandcontentbutarelativelyslowpathforcollectionofdata.MostlowcostVSATsystemsoperateonabandwidth-sharingbasiswhereactualavailablebandwidthwillfluctuatebasedontotalnumberofusersonaprovidersnetwork(usuallyreferredtoasasharedcontentionratio).VSATstartupcostsareusuallyfairlyhighincomparisontootherconnectivitysolutionswithaverageequipmentcostsexceeding$2000.00(USD).As
ofAugust2010,VSATfromIntersatAfricaisavailableat$550(USD)/mo.For128kbpsuplinkand384kbpsdownlink(5)and$350(USD)fora64kbpsuplink256kbpsdownlink(6)bothat1:16sharedcontentionratio.
DSLthistechnologyisstartingtobecomemoreavailableinrurallocationsbutisusuallylimitedtorelativelyshortdistancesfrompopulationcenters(5-10KmfromtelephoneCentralOffices).DSLcanprovidesymmetricorasymmetricbandwidthandisgenerallysoldasanunlimitedbandwidthproduct.DSLisafairlystableproductbutcanbeaffectedbymainsoutagesandisvulnerabletooutagesduetofailuresinthecarriertelephonecablingittravelson.DSLstartupcostsarefairlylowbutmonthlycostscanincreasedramaticallybeyond256kbps.Mostlow-costDSLservicesuseasharingcontentionschemesimilartoVSAT,nonumbersarecurrentlyavailabledetailingcontention.CurrentpricingforsharedbandwidththroughUTLasofAugust2010(7)is:64kbps-$100(USD)/mo.;128kbps-$180(USD)/mo.;256kbps$310(USD)/month.PricingfordedicatedbandwidthfromUTLasofJune2010intheGuluareais:512kbpssymmetric~$350-$425/mo.;768kbps~$575-$675/mo.Bothrequire~$3200(USD)startupcostsinequipmentandinstallation.
WiMaxWiMaxisarelativelynewwirelesstechnologythatoperatesonline-of-siteathighspeedandnon-line-of-siteatlowerspeeds.PricingofWiMaxisgenerallysimilartoDSLbutfront-endequipmentcostscanbeconsiderablyhigher.WiMaxisafairlystabletechnologybutissusceptibletoradioandenvironmentalinterference.ItisexpectedthatWiMaxwilllikelysupplantDSLasamoreruralconnectivityoptionduetolowerdeploymentcostsfortheprovider.PricingforWimaxsolutionsisnotcurrentlyavailablebutwillbeappendeduponreceipt.
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Notesregardingconnectivitysolutions:
Anyoftheseconnectivitysolutionsmaybeextendedvia802.11wirelessover100sofKilometerstojoinmoreinstallations.Themajorbenefitofthisoptionisoverallhigherbandwidthandlowerexpenseforconnectedfacilities.Whensharingasinglepointofconnectivitybetweenmultiplesites,itshouldbeexpectedthatattimestherewillbecontentionforbandwidth.QOS,conservativefirewallrulesatgateways,liberalgatewayproxycachingandvigilantnetworkadministrationareallmethodsthatcanbeusedtocounterthiseffect.
Pricing:
1. http://orange.ug/mobile-plans/internet-everywhere.php2. http://mtn.co.ug/MTN-Internet/MTN-Mobile-Internet.aspx3. http://utl.co.ug/utl.php?i=1244. http://www.ug.zain.com/opco/af/core/home/channel.do;jsessionid=3
9EB09F5FE7D0B242DC16D0A0E38F1DE.node14?channelId=-
10682&selectedChannels=-10556,-10682#&lang=en5. http://www.intersatafrica.com/index-products3.html6. http://www.intersatafrica.com/index-products2.html7. http://utl.co.ug/utl.php?i=9
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AppendixA(YouthCenterSolarPowerUseCase)
Thelightingspecifiedforthisusecaseshouldbesufficienttoprovideilluminationtoreadforasingle100squaremeterspace.ItisexpectedthattheDigitalDrumshouldoperatecontinuouslyinthisenvironmentandbereachableatalltimesvianetwork
accessbutonlyphysicallyaccessibleduringthenormaloperatinghoursoftheYouthCenter.
Recommendationsarebasedonthefollowingconditions:
TheyouthcenterhasnoexistingmainspowerThepublicspacewillbelitforamaximumof6hoursperdayandis100squaremeters
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AppendixB(PTCSolarPowerUseCase)
40lightsshouldbeenoughtoprovidesufficientilluminationtoreadfor200squaremetersofspace,ifthisspaceisdividedintomultipleareas,theoverallilluminationwilldecrease.Iamoperatingontheassumptionthatitissafetodividethe200
squaremetersintotwospacesbeforemoresupplementallightingwillneedtobeprovidedbutthisshouldbetestedinactualusecasesbeforeitiscommittedto.ThesolarsystemspecifiedinthisusecaseisnotintendedtoprovidepowerforthePTCintheabsenceofavailablemainspower,itismerelyintendedtosupplementunreliablemainssuppliesforlightingandtheoverallaccessibilityofmainspowerisanecessityforthissystemtofunctioncorrectly.
Recommendationsarebasedonthefollowingconditions:PTChaslimitedaccesstomainspowerforatleast3hoursperdayPTChasalockableroomthatcanbededicatedtoactasacomputerlabandsomeonewillbemonitoringthelabwhenaccessisallowed
PTChasastudentpopulationofapproximately300whoallliveon-siteindormsPTChasrequirementsforlightinginpublicspacessuchaslibraries,classroomsanddorms
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AppendixC(HealthCenterSolarPowerUseCase)
Recommendationsarebasedonthefollowingconditions:HealthCenterhasnomainspowerHealthCenterhasasecureareawherebatteriesandchargecontrollerand
headlampbatterychargerscanbeinstalledHealthCenterhasasecurelocationforheadlampstobestoredwhennotinuse
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AnnexD:BOSCObandwidthdistributionmodelBOSCOisanNGOthathasbeenoperatingaruralwirelessnetworkintheAcholiregionofUgandaforthepastfouryearsbasedaroundtheconceptofsharingasingleconnectiontotheinternetwithanumberofdisparatesiteslinkedbylow-
powerwirelessnetworks.Overthecourseofthepastyear,thenumberofusersbeingservedbyBOSCOsnetworkhasmorethandoubledfrom485tothecurrentofapproximately960(withtotalnumberofusersdoublinginthelastyear.Overthesameperiodoftime,BOSCOsinternetegresshasonlyincreasedfrom256kbpsto512kbps.WhiletheoverallresultsofBOSCOsnetworkhavebeenoverwhelminglypositive,thecapacityofthenetworkhasbeenovershadowedbyitsusersdemands.BOSCOestimatesthattosupplytheircurrentuserloadtheywillneedtoincreaseegressbandwidthto1Mbps.ThepricingmodelofUgandasDSLprovidersfavorsthelow-endandsharedlineuser.Inanefforttomaximizereturnfromtheirfixedoperatingcosts,UTLresells
theiravailablebandwidthmanytimesoverandoffersittoconsumersasasharedlineDSLconnectionwithamaximumbandwidthof512kbps.TheseconnectionsareconsiderablylessexpensivethanaDSLconnectionthathasafixed,dedicatedbandwidthandamajorityofthetimetheenduserisunawareorunaffectedbythenatureofsharingoverallbandwidth.Oncethenumberofusersonaconnectionincreasesbeyondacertainpoint,thesharedconnectioncannolongersupportthedemandsandtheconnectionmustbeupgradedtoadedicatedbandwidthline,whichcanbeprovisionedforupto1.5Mbps.Throughoutitshistory,BOSCOhasdistributedthecostofinternetconnectivitytoits25installedsites.Thepricingdifferencebetweendedicatedlinesandshared
linescreatesagapintheabilityoftheusersonaBOSCOstylenetworktopayfortheconnection.CurrentlyBOSCOpaysapproximately$300USD/mo.forinternetaccess,increasingavailablebandwidthto1Mbpswillincreasemonthlycostto~$800USD.Thispresentsafinancialdilemmaforthehostingorganization.Traditionallythisbourdonwouldbesolvedbyincreasingthemonthlycontributionsoftheusers.SomeoftheorganizationsthatBOSCOprovidesbandwidthtocannotaffordtheaddedexpenseandwouldlikelydropoutoftheprogramaltogetherifpresentedwiththisincrease,thusincreasingthefinancialloadonBOSCOanditsnetworksusers.Subsidyofinternetaccessuntilthenetworkisextendedtothepointthattheoverallcosttousersisthesameasitscurrentrateofapproximately$0.32USD/userwouldrequireabout2500userstodistributethefinancialloadandwouldquicklycreatethesamedisparity.Analternativesolutionwouldbetoinstalladditionalegresspointsandprovidedistributedaccessforthenetworkdependingonoverallbandwidthavailabilityategresspoints.Thiscombinedwithaggressivecachinganddistributedcachestorageonthenetworkwouldallowforslowgrowthofthenetworkwithoutundueeconomicconstraintsonitsusers.
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PTCCommunity Center
ealth Center
802.11Wireless link
Youth Center
Internet
Gateway Sitewith load balancing
and caching proxy
Cellular connectivity
SAT
Distributed connectivity allows for load balancing across connections as well as maintaininga cache of requests to accelerate browsing at all egress points
Internet
Gateway Sitewith load balancingand caching proxy
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PTC
Community Center
Health Center
802.11
Wireless link
Update Server
802.11Wireless link
802.11
Wireless link
802.11Wireless link
School
Youth Center
Content is delivered viaexternal drive from
Update Server to remotesites during routine maintenance
ontent propagates to additionalmachines over 802.11 links
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PTC
Community Center
ealth Center
802.11Wireless link
Update Server
802.11Wireless link
802.11Wireless link
802.11Wireless link
School
Youth Center
Content is collected via external drivefrom remote sites and delivered to
Content Server during routine maintenance
ontent propagates from additional
machines over 802.11 links
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Internet
Main (Gateway) Drum installationStores locally available content and
serves to connected facilities
PTC
Community Center
Health Center
Cellular Modem
802.11Wireless link
Update ServerExternal contributor
VSAT
802.11Wireless link
802.11Wireless link
802.11Wireless link
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SEPTEMBER OCTOBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 5 week 6 week 7 week 8 week 9 week 10 week 12 w eek 13 week 14 week 15 week 16 week 17 week 18 week 19 week 20
Drum hardware
development
define weeknesses in current
design and engineer solutions
for next iteration
define weeknesses in
current design and
engineer solutions for
next iteration
20 week drum production timeline
bui ld and do cu men t l imi ted numbe r o f pr oto typ es (4 -5 uni ts ) depl oy an d f ie ld te stl im ited depl oy men t ( 4- 5 uni ts) Bu il d a nd doc ume nt lar ge sca le de pl oyme nt (2 5- 50 un its )
NOVEMBER DECEMBER
Note: This timeline is dependant on all materials and equipment be ing available
at the start of production cycle (week2 and week 16). Any delays in
procurement or delivery of components will cause a similar delay in production.
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General configuration of second revision Digital Drum prototype
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Solar PanelsBatteries Charge Controller
Backhaul wireless5Ghz 802.11a
!00 Mbps Ethernet switch
Relays
Local wireless2.4Ghz 802.11b/g
Gateway Computer withcellular modem
2 USB connectorsfor handset charging
Secondary Computer
Microcontroller
12V DC Power
Voltage and Amperage sensors
USB or Serial Communication Relay controls
100 Mbps Ethernet
Switched Power
100 Mbps Ethernet
Electrical and network system block diagram
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Hall EffectSensor
-
+
+12V
Arduino analog in
Arduino GND
8.2K1K VR
100K Pot
LM324
v-
v+
ensor Schematic for battery voltage monitoring and load current monitoring
Voltagespike
protection
Drivercircuit
Arduino Digital I/O
Grayhill 70-ODC5
Arduino ground
Load
Power control and sensor schematic for Digital Drum
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Basic Solar powered "Digital Drum" installation with local and long-distance wirelesslinks, fully self-contained power
Rugged community computer (as we are focusing on the components, I will notestimate the cost of the shell of this unit)
2 pcs OIT LITE vandal-resistant keyboards with P.O.M. keys & integrated touchpad (1)2 pcs WinMate R15I93S-OFA2 Panel PC - (2)1 pc GSM/GPRS/HSDPA cellular modem (usb with external antenna) Such as ZadaCOM3G+ 7.2 (3)1 pcs B&B Electronics EIR205 5 port ethernet switch (4) or Garrettcom S14H-12VDCEthernet switch (5)1 pc Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller (6)1 pc Arduino Ethernet shield (7)2 pcs Bulgin PX0839/IDC IP68 Ethernet connectors (8)2 pcs Bulgin PX0845/A IP68 USB connectors (9)4 pcs Bulgin PX0713 Caps for IP68 connectors (10)
Wireless equipment
1 pc Ubiquiti Bullet 2HP (11)1 pc 7 dbi omni directional antenna w/ Female N connector (12)1 pc Ubiquiti Bullet M5 (13)1 pc 29dbi parabolic antenna w/ female N connector (14)
Solar system
Phocos CX20 Charge controller (15)
3 pcs ~125 W solar modules (or equivalent 350W+) (16)4 pcs 31.6Ah 12V Gel (maintenance-free) deep cycle batteries (Deka 8GU1-DEKA orequivalent 125Ah+) (17)
Misc components
4 pcs 30V 3A schottky diodes - ST Microelectronics 1N5821 or similar (18)20 meters 24 gauge solid copper cat5e or cat6 (19)20 meters 10 gauge (3.25mm - 3.5mm) two conductor copper power leads for solarsystem (20)
32 Amp 2 pole 12-24VDC DIN rail-mount circuit breaker - CHINT NB1-B32-2P orequivalent (21)5 pcs MAX232 (22)1 pc Arduino Screw Shield (23)1 meter DIN rail (35mm standard height) (24)4 Pcs 3-60VDC 3.5A solid state relay - Grayhill 70-ODC5 or equivilent (25)
(1) http://www.oitkeypad.com/pdf/QVPPlastickeyfront.pdf(2) http://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901(3) http://shop.zadako.com/hsdpa_3g_modemy/usb/zadacom_3g_plus_7.2.html
http://www.oitkeypad.com/pdf/QVPPlastickeyfront.pdfhttp://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901http://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901http://shop.zadako.com/hsdpa_3g_modemy/usb/zadacom_3g_plus_7.2.htmlhttp://shop.zadako.com/hsdpa_3g_modemy/usb/zadacom_3g_plus_7.2.htmlhttp://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901http://www.winmate.com.tw/PanelPc/PPcSpec.asp?Prod=03_0581&Typeid=B0108010901&Typeid=B0108010901http://www.oitkeypad.com/pdf/QVPPlastickeyfront.pdf8/8/2019 Access to Information for Youth and their communities in Uganda final
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(4) http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4(5) http://www.garrettcom.com/s14.htm(6) http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDuemilanove(7) http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9026(8) http://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_Ethernet.html
(9) http://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_USB.html(10) http://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer.html(11) http://ubnt.com/bullet(12) http://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110(13) http://ubnt.com/bulletm(14) http://www.mtiwe.com/uploads/product/485.pdf(15) http://www.phocos.com/datasheet_sm_cx.html(16) http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951(17) http://www.eastpenn-deka.com/default.aspx?pageid=443(18) http://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/
?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3d(19) locally sourced(20) locally sourced(21) http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/NB1-63_CircuitBreakers.pdf(22) need to speak to J-M about exact part numbers for this(23) http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9282(24) http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/ers35.pdf(25) http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=GH7019-ND
Costs:1. $200/ea - $4002. $1,150/ea - $2,300 (includes $800/ea base price and $350/ea shipping to
Uganda)3. $2154. $895. $1006. $457. $508. $20/ea - $409. $10/ea - $20
10. $6/ea - $2411. $8012. $6013. $80
14. $8015. $10016. $650/ea - $195017. $100/ea - $40018. $0.50/ea - $219. $20. $21. $1522. $23. $1524. $1025. $10/ea - $40
http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4http://www.garrettcom.com/s14.htmhttp://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDuemilanovehttp://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9026http://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_Ethernet.htmlhttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_USB.htmlhttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer.htmlhttp://ubnt.com/bullethttp://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110http://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110http://ubnt.com/bulletmhttp://www.mtiwe.com/uploads/product/485.pdfhttp://www.phocos.com/datasheet_sm_cx.htmlhttp://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951http://www.eastpenn-deka.com/default.aspx?pageid=443http://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3dhttp://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3dhttp://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/NB1-63_CircuitBreakers.pdfhttp://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9282http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/ers35.pdfhttp://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=GH7019-NDhttp://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=GH7019-NDhttp://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/ers35.pdfhttp://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9282http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/NB1-63_CircuitBreakers.pdfhttp://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3dhttp://mouser.com/ProductDetail/STMicroelectronics/1N5821/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMutXGli8Ay4kOnWbBYZueaHA8JfCq5pWm4%3dhttp://www.eastpenn-deka.com/default.aspx?pageid=443http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9019638&contentId=7036951http://www.phocos.com/datasheet_sm_cx.htmlhttp://www.mtiwe.com/uploads/product/485.pdfhttp://ubnt.com/bulletmhttp://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110http://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/ice-provider-wisp-base-station-and-client-antennas/omnidirectional-antennas/od24-9?&seo=110http://ubnt.com/bullethttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer.htmlhttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_USB.htmlhttp://www.bulgin.co.uk/Products/Buccaneer/Buccaneer_Ethernet.htmlhttp://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=9026http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDuemilanovehttp://www.garrettcom.com/s14.htmhttp://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=4http://www.bb-elec.com/product_multi_family.asp?MultiFamilyId=68&TrailType=Sub&Trail=48/8/2019 Access to Information for Youth and their communities in Uganda final
27/27
Other Potential Keyboard vendors:
Key Tek K-TEK-B420TP http://www.key-tek.cn/en/productsview.asp?id=174iKey PMU-5K-TP2 http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&
http://www.key-tek.cn/en/productsview.asp?id=174http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&http://www.ikey.com/ProductsList/index.aspx?productID=45&menu=1&prodListID=2&http://www.key-tek.cn/en/productsview.asp?id=174