Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI RESEARCH PAPER ACCEPTANCE OF SOLAR PANEL UTILITY COMPANY FOR RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMER IN KARACHI (Year 2012) Presented To: Sir Ali Raza Presented By: Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552-210104 MBA MARKETING PRESTON UNIVERSITY 15- Bangalore Town Shahra-e-Faisal, Karachi - 75530
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Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
RESEARCH PAPER ACCEPTANCE OF SOLAR PANEL UTILITY COMPANY FOR RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMER IN KARACHI (Year 2012)
Presented By: Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen [email protected] 92-3223782642 1552-210104 MBA MARKETING
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Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
RESEARCH PAPER
ACCEPTANCE OF SOLAR PANEL UTILITY COMPANY FOR
RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMER IN KARACHI
(Year 2012)
Presented To:
Sir Ali Raza
Presented By:
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen
1552-210104
MBA MARKETING
PRESTON UNIVERSITY
15- Bangalore Town Shahra-e-Faisal,
Karachi - 75530
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
Table of Contents
Topics
1. Executive Summary
2. Acknowledgment
3. letter of authorization
4. letter of submission
5. Introduction of related research
6. Scope of project
7. object
8. problem identification
9. technical information
10. sampling
Methodology
11. Hypothesis
12. Sample of Questionnaire
13. Questionnaire Presentation Analysis
14. Satisfaction of hypothesis
15. Findings
16. Conclusion
17. recommendation
18.reference
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
ABSTRACT
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of study is to get solution of electricity for residential unit by launching a
new solar utility company(we assume there is no legal bounding by government).The
residential units are bound to purchase electricity by statehold utility company or they rely
on self hold alternative(generator or u.p.s).the new company will give solar panel as
product and services and get monthly bill etc,this is door opening to arrival of other
utility,generating company as competitor of KESC,as the marketing technique,and also
judge the acceptance of this company,the questionnaire are design to check the
awareness level of residential electricity regarding tariff,enery saving and also want to
know their trend to electricity use.
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
Acknowledgements
I owe many individuals my immeasurable gratitude, first and foremost I would like to pay
thanks ALMIGHTY ALLAH for giving me power, courage, and strength to accomplish this
thesis. Mr. ALI RAZA, project advisor of Preston University for his time consuming efforts
in directing both my program of study and the completion of this thesis. All , Faculty
members of Preston University, deserve because of their guidance to me pertaining to the
study structure and data collection sources.
I would also like to thank many individuals who helped me in the completion of this
arduous task, , many of them from NED university and SIEMENS Pakistan, who despite of
their heavy official commitment and busy work schedule provided me with useful
information and statistical data on my research topic.
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
DEDICATION
I dedicate this effort to my
teachers and to my parents.
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
Letter of Approval
Project Title : Acceptance Of Solar Panel Utility Company For The
Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
By : Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen
1552-210104
Supervisor : Sir. Ali Raza
Academic Year : 2011-2012
The Board of Advanced Studies at Preston University has approved this Research Project,
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business
Administration.
Approval Committee:
__________________ ____________________
Sir Ali Raza (Director Academics)
(Supervisor)
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
Letter of Authorization
Date:
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen
1552-210104
Preston University
Dear,
Please refer to your initial proposal for undertaking the study on ―Acceptance Of Solar
Panel Utility Company For The Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi‖. In the view of
subsequent meetings and discussions the initial proposal was finalized. Kindly initiate the
study on the finalized Terms of Reference (TOR).
Sir Ali Raza
Supervisor
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
Letter of Transmittal
Date:
Sir Ali Raza
Project Supervisor
Preston University
Respected Sir,
I am submitting the final project report on ―Acceptance Of Solar Panel Utility Company For
The Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi‖. The report includes problem /
opportunity statement and a literature survey. The theoretical framework is developed out
of the extraction of determinants from the literature review.As per your guidance relevant
inferential statistics is applied.
I am grateful for your guidance and supervision without which this project could not have
been completed.
Yours Sincerely,
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen
1552-210104
Preston University
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
.
INTRODUCTION OF RELATE RESEARCH
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
LITERATURE:
ARTICLE # 01
TITLE OF THE ARTICLE:
A Study into the Acceptability of Alternative
Energy Sources for Urdu Bazaar Karachi By
Arif Hasan and Mansoor Raza with Hira Ilyas Bawahab
(Author‘s Final Draft, January 26, 2011)
ABSTRACT :
This study has been undertaken for understanding the real reasons behind the hesitation
that Karachi commercial markets have in adopting alternative sources of energy to
overcome the long periods of power outages that plague their lives and adversely affect
their businesses. As a result, a number of issues have been identified which are
documented in the study
In the absence of UPS, KESC resorts to load shedding and households, shopkeepers
have alternate power arrangements such as generators and UPS. The use of generators
has widely increased in the recent past due to the increasing incidence of power cuts.
Although generators are a good backup unit that supplies uninterrupted power, and is also
beneficial in emergency situations, its disadvantages outweigh its advantages. It
contributes in a big way to noise and air pollution and also requires maintenance and a
considerable amount of space for storing it. Similarly, a UPS backup power does not last
for long and requires maintenance as well. Besides, it cannot be charged during hours of
constant, uninterrupted load shedding. Hence, it fails to supply power in periods of long
load shedding.
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
The understanding of the existing and potential relationship between various actors in the provision of alternative energy is necessary. Such a study, according to academics and alternative power suppliers, has not been undertaken for urban commercial markets in Karachi.
Therefore, keeping the present electricity situation in view and the economic
consequences of power breakdowns, the authors of the study decided to take one of the
commercial areas of Karachi and study the possibility of solar energy as an option to
generate electricity. For the study the area of Urdu Bazaar was selected, reasons for
which have been discussed in detail in the section ahead. Surveys revealed that currently
most of the shops in the market remain deprived of electricity for about three hours daily
during work hours. The choice of Urdu Bazaar was determined by the fact that it was not
an affluent bazaar like many other retail and wholesale bazaars in Karachi, and thus
provided the researchers with conditions that can be compared with the majority of other
markets in the city.
ORIGINS OF THE PRESENT RESEARCH/PROJECT
The project was taken up to understand the problems of a specific inner city
commercial market with regards to the energy crisis.
The advancement in technology allows us to seek alternative power sources.
An understanding of the mindset of the prospective users towards these
alternatives is necessary before they can become feasible solutions.
Since the privatisation of the Karachi Electric Supply Company (KESC), three years ago, power outages (locally known as load-shedding), in Karachi, have increased causing immense loss to industry and commercial markets. This study seeks to understand the acceptability of alternative energy sources by commercial markets in Karachi. Urdu Bazaar, a commercial market for books in the centre of Karachi, was chosen for the study. The market consists of about 400 shops and retailed storage spaces. The height of the buildings varies between one to four floors. The market was chosen because it was not a high-end retail market and most of its shop owners belonged, both in monitory and cultural terms, to the middle-middle classes. Most of the markets in Karachi belong to this category. A survey of the market was carried out through observations, detailed interviews with the markets‘ union leaders, and a questionnaire served to randomly chosen 100 shopkeepers. The survey revealed the following: 1. A three hour load-shedding during market hours was normal. Sometimes it could
increase to six to seven hours. This lead-shedding adversely affects businesses
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
because fans cannot operate in summer, and lights after dark, or in shops that are not well lit.
2. The shopkeepers have opted for alternatives. These consist of generators and Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) units. The generators are expensive to buy (average cost Rs 37,500 or US$ 436) and expensive to operate, at an average of Rs 5,882 (US$ 69) per month. In addition, their noise and air pollution is damaging to health and visitors do not like coming into the shop when they are operative. 3. The UPS on the other hand is cheaper at Rs 20,000 (US$ 233), with a running cost of
Rs 1,000 (US$ 11.6) per month. However, it does not store enough energy to meet the long hours of load-shedding and also consumes a considerable amount of energy from the grid. In addition, its acid batteries cause immense air pollution which is difficult to tolerate for a long period of time.
4. Ninety per cent of the shopkeepers surveyed are willing to adopt a solar energy option because they understand its environmental and sustainability advantages.
5. The shopkeepers identified four packages that could meet their needs. One of the packages consists of two energy saver bulbs and one fan. This was made the basis for a cost analysis by the authors.
Seven solar energy companies were then contacted and asked to provide the
technical details of their product and its cost. Two well respected engineers were
also contacted so that the authors could understand the technology and the details
of what the companies were proposing.
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
LITERATURE:
ARTICLE # 02
TITLE OF THE ARTICLE:
The barriers to energy efficiency in China: Assessing household electricity savings and
consumer behavior in Liaoning Province
a b s t r a c t
This article investigates the barriers to energy efficiency at the residentialsector within one
province in China and explores patterns ofhousehold electricity consumption.The article
presents the result sofa survey questionnaire distributed to more than 600 households in
Liaoning Province,fieldresear chat various Liaoning government agencies,and researchi
nterviews of Liaoning government to fficials to determine the efficacy of the irenergy
efficiency efforts in China.It then investigates the extent that electricity consumers have
taken advantage of energy efficiency opportunities relating to more efficient lights,
waterheaters,appliances,air-conditioners and heaters,and better energy-efficiency
labels.The article also assesses the degree that electricity users have become more
aware about electricity prices and their levels of consumption,and touches on the
connection between rising levels of income and electricity use.It concludes by providing
recommendations for how to improve efforts to promote conservation and reduce
electricity load grow thin Liaoning Province and beyond
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
LITERATURE:
ARTICLE # 03
TITLE OF THE ARTICLE:
HE WASTED SOLAR SOLUTION
By NajmaSadeque
Pakistan Renewable Energy Society (PRES)
THE MOST embittering aspect of the mass misery over electricity is that the crippling shortages never had to happen.Pakistan could have adopted solar energy years ago if government priorities had focused less on protectionist privatisation and more on people. The number of solar-electrified homes inBangladesh recently numbered a million. This year, half a million more solar systems will be installed. The cost inBangladesh for a small home to run four energy-saver lights, a TV and a fan is $300 (Rs26,700), repayable in installments. Solar power systems have been installed inBangladesh‘s prime minister‘s office and even its central bank. Why can‘tPakistan take similar steps?
Pakistan‘s per capita energy consumption is below half the average for developing countries, 1/8 of the world average, 1/25 of developed nations and 1/60 of the average American. InKarachialone, during the month of June this year, there is a shortfall of 600 megawatts against a demand of 1,787 megawatts.
Japan, the world‘s third largest economy, generates 30 per cent of its power from nuclear plants. But after an earthquake and tsunami crippled the Fukishima nuclear plant, they have scrapped future nuclear reactors to plan for 10 million solar-powered homes instead. While militarily beating a bloody path to the fossil fuel fields of the world, the US s nevertheless planning a giant solar plant in theArizonadesert to serve the country. It recently awarded two billion dollars to two solar companies.SaudiArabiais going further, recognising that even its vast oil reserves are finite, and gearing to produce and export a full quarter of the world‘s solar electricity needs.
Solar system companies entered our markets a decade ago, yet progress remains sluggish.
The earth receives more free energy from the sun in one hour than what the whole world uses in a year. So it‘s clearly absurd to throw money after finite fossil fuels. KESC
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
produces 55 per cent ofKarachi‘s electricity and its market is spread over 6,000 square kilometres. Not only are the distribution lines old and falling apart, it is unable to meet demand or contend with theft of 40 per cent of the electricity by the kunda mafia.
A basic uninterruptible power supply (UPS) unit averages Rs20,000 and a small generator costs Rs37,500, with monthly running costs of Rs1,000 and Rs6,000 respectively. A solar fan and two energy-saver lights supported by a solar panel cost Rs26,000 — the minimum need for a shop operating on direct current. Nothing could be cheaper or cleaner. Unfortunately, most people cannot afford the start-up costs.
Narrowly viewing solar panels as a revenue source, the government overtaxes them at 30 per cent, thereby foolishly stifling commerce which could ultimately fetch far more revenue. A survey showed that, encouragingly, 90 per cent of shopkeepers favoured solar power. What stalled them were fears of KESC retaliating for ‗taking away its market‘ (even though it simply cannot serve all of it) and disconnecting them from the grid.
To derive maximum energy, solar panel brackets need be connected to tracking devices to move with the angle of the sun. This requires more space, and of course, cost. But then, it yields 40 per cent more energy. For the moment, solar systems could supplement KESC supply until independent stand-alone systems, which could avoid conflict with KESC, are affordable. But the state could catalyse the process by introducing solar power into its offices and for street lights.
Those who lose the most from lack of electricity are the masses — workers dependent on running factories and offices, home-based, piece-wage women workers and other poor people who constitute the overwhelming majority. Their minimum need is a solar lamp with a panel, which costs Rs5,000. Industries, companies and contractors could assist their workers with acquiring these.
If long-term loans can be extended for houses and cars, why can‘t they also be extended for much smaller loans for solar systems? The government considers solar power prohibitively expensive, yet thinks nothing of pursuing multi-billion dollar dams and other white elephants.
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
LITERATURE:
ARTICLE # 01
Solar energy can resolve Karachi power crisis Pakrealestatetimes May 30, 2011 Turning Karachi into a solar city will help resolve the energy crisis and the concept of running major urban cities on solar energy is gaining popularity with every passing day, reveals a recently conducted study. The concept of ‗Solar Cities‘ was introduced a decade ago and now several countries including the USA, China, Australia and even Turkey are successfully running many cities on clean solar energy.
The region of Nevarra, Spain, is generating 70 per cent of its electricity through solar and wind energy. This experience could be successfully adopted in Pakistan. Karachi could be turned into a Solar City to get rid of the power outages for good.
Making Karachi a solar city would beat load shedding and provide many other benefits. The solar energy would help in reducing pollution. One of the greatest advantages of solar energy of course is that there is no carbon dioxide, methane or other emissions that warm the atmosphere. Solar energy is not a finite resource as fossil fuels are. As long as the sun is up there, it will constantly produce all the energy we can use.
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
LITERATURE:
Title of Thesis SOLAR RADIATION STUDIES AT KARACHI PAKISTAN
Author(s) Firoz Ahmad
Institute/University/Department Details University Of Karachi/ Department Of Physics
Abstract Solar radiation studies have been carried out to work out the feasibility of possible and efficient utilization of Solar Energy at Karachi, Pakistan.From the analysis of the monthly average daily and hourly global solar radiation data, the prospects of solar energy utilization are very bright.
Karachi receives about 19.50 MJm-2d-l of solar isolation with an annual total of 7000 MJm-2 .The influx of global solar radiation is very consistent and has a variation of only 22.8% in the last 27 years. Except for the monsoon months, solar radiation incidence is very encouraging, from the application point of view. Correlation equation of the first and second order polynomials have been developed for Karachi, to estimate the monthly average daily diffuse solar radiation, employing relative sunshine hours and clearness index. The diffuse radiation shows a peak value during monsoon months, while average diffuse to global ratio is 0.32 and diffuse to extraterrestrial ratio is 0.19, throughout the year.
The results from these correlations are in agreement with the results from Page's equation.Stanhill and Iqbal overestimates, while Liu and Jordan underestimate the diffuse radiation value.Monhly average hourly diffuse radiation have also been studied and analysed. Monthly average of hourly and daily global solar radiation incident on an inclined, south facing surface has been computed from solar radiation data. The Hourly and daily values of solar insulation on inclined surfaces are then compared. The difference between the results obtained is very small. Annual and monthly average of solar radiation are also evaluated from hourly values besides averages for the heating and cooling seasons .
Monthly and annual variations of global solar radiation incident on inclined surface for various off south orientation and inclinations have also been computed. From the results, west of south orientation is not recommended at all, for Karachi, as far as solar energy income is concerned.
Estimation of monthly average daily global solar radiation on horizontal surface via six
different correlations and its comparison with the measured data recommends Angstrom's
equation and Frere et al.relation to be the best for use. The regression constants 'a' and 'b'
show year to year fluctuations with an average value of a=0.326 and b=0.405,in
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
agreement with the predictions of Modi and Sukhatme.The sum (a+b) however remain
fairly constant, through the years. These prediction formulae are then subjected to
statistical tests in order to establish the superiority of one correlation over the other.
Correlation equations have also been developed for Karachi, to obtain the monthly
average daily global, beam and diffuse solar radiation from the fraction of possible bright
sunshine hours. The global, beam and diffuse radiation obtained via these correlations are
then compared with the measured data with fine agreement. Diffuse and beam radiation
can also be estimated even in the absence of global solar radiation
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
SCOPE OF PROJECT
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
SCOPE OF PROJECT:
It will be helpful to arrival of new competitors in energy sector specially electricity
distribution.
It will be helpful to green Karachi.
To play a part to solve energy crises in pakistan
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
PROJECT OBJECTIVE:
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
PROJECT OBJECTIVE:
To open a door as the distribution of electricity be privatized at small scale. The parties
that distribute electricity in their respective limited areas will ensure billing and its payment
Private parties be allowed to generate and distribute electricity independently of WAPDA
and KESC. This will create an environment of competition forcing WAPDA and KESC to
provide cheaper electricity and better service to the customers.
For this purpose first easy step to launch a electricity utility company which sell the solar
panel and provide services regarding it and collect monthly bill.
The questionnaire are designed to get mentally approach ,awareness of residential
electricity consumer and also their trend of electricity use.
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:
1) We all hate the constant power cuts and load shedding,there is a need of solar
alternative to our home energy needs.so there should be a company that scale such
power generation system to our home,we get clean,renewable and dependendable energy
that never takes a break.it also promises no maintenance
2)IT is quite strange that the KESC, being the sole supplier of electricity to Karachi, has
been monopolising in the power sector, though electricity is so essential for every
business and economy of the country.
The KESC must have a competitor in the market which is the only to way to force the utility
service to put its house in order. There should be open up competition for companies
which are interested in electricity distribution business in Karachi. Just like cable
operators, new power companies can use same poles, but maintain different lines in
Karachi
Such a policy has proved a huge success in telecommunications sector in which there was
rampant corruption, mismanagement, and inefficiency before four to five cellular
companies were given licence. The result was better and more efficient service by a new-
look PTCL which offers better rates for subscribers with more reliable and courteous
customer services After a fierce competition in the telecommunications sector, Pakistan
has now almost 100 million telephone connections while previously it had only two million
lines. The telecommunications sector is now generating billions of dollars for the country,
and healthy profit for the companies, with much lower calling rates for public. Through
competition in electricity supply, per unit rate would come down to one rupee.
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
TECHNICAL INFORMATION:
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
TECHNICAL INFORMATION:
Unbearable energy outages, high tariffs and heavy expenses on generators and
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) had left consumers with no option but to turn to
alternative energy, particularly solar panels.
Many solar products being imported into the country include solar street lights, solar garden lights, solar generators, solar heaters, solar water heaters and solar water collectors for industry.
Sunshine in Pakistan remains for approximately 10 hours a day, which is enough to produce 1,000 watts per square metre. Producing electricity from the sun is very easy. Solar-powered tube wells, water pumps and vacuum tube collectors of Germany can be installed with an investment of Rs400,000 to Rs500,000. adding the technology might be costly and unaffordable for the consumers, but it would give life-time savings and benefits to them.
two types of solar panels were being sold in the market, one was large solar panel and the other was a smaller one to power lights and fans. UPS increased the electricity bill by up to 40 per cent per month by charging batteries adding rising prices of fuel and electricity and load-shedding forced him to install solar panels.
Solar Power Systems – Grid-Tied (On Grid)
Most people install grid-tied solar power systems -most often in cities, suburbs and industrial areas where access to utility-generated power is available. You can supplement
Acceptance of Solar Panel Utility Company For Residential Electricity Consumer In Karachi
Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen 1552210104 PRESTON UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS KARACHI
your solar powered electricity with utility-generated energy if you use more electricity than the solar power system supplies.
The function will be:
Solar panel charge the number of batteries in day time,in case of utility failure the battery
work as ups.At night the chrge batteries will be active in case of electric failure.We put our
selected load to battery not all of the residential load.We can use solar panel battery
source on peak load time 5-8 etc
In solar system the things you need is depend on what you want to do. If you want to turn
on just lights, bulbs or lamps. So then what you need is listed under here.
Price of solar panel in pakistan.
http://solarkarachi.webs.com/
Power System Solar Panel Charge Controller Battery Inverter Fuse Prices
DC System 25w 10 Amp. 12v 32Ah N/A 5 Amp. 20 700,- RS