Accelerating Smart Grid Standards Development Keeping the Lights On: Strategies for Compatibility and Interoperability in Electrical Power Networks Dr.

Accelerating Smart Grid Standards Development

Keeping the Lights On:

Strategies for Compatibility and Interoperability in Electrical Power Networks

Dr. David Wollman

Leader, Smart Grid Team - Standards

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

October 27, 2011

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Outline

• Introduction– US Grid and Drivers– NIST Role within Smart Grid

• Accelerating Smart Grid Standards – NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2– Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)– International Coordination

• Research and Standards Acceleration Examples– Phasor Measurement Units– Electric power meters, building control systems, …


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Outline





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North American Electric Grid

US is 22% of world consumption

• 3,200 electric utility companies

• 17,000 power plants• 800 gigawatt peak

demand• 165,000 miles of high-

voltage lines• 6 million miles of

distribution lines• 140 million meters• $1 trillion in assets• $350 billion annual

revenues


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Worldwide Investment in the Grid

• International Energy Agency estimates:– $10 trillion over next 20

years– 50% in generation– 50% in transmission and

distribution– Does not count customer-

side investments• NIST is leading and

accelerating international standards-setting through bilateral and multilateral engagements


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Smart Grid – A National Priority

• “It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization of the Nation's electricity [system]… to achieve…a Smart Grid.” Congress, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

• “We’ll fund a better, smarter electricity grid and train workers to build it…” President Obama

• “To meet the energy challenge and create a 21st century energy economy, we need a 21st century electric grid…” Secretary of Energy Steven Chu

• “A smart electricity grid will revolutionize the way we use energy, but we need standards …” Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke

• New Secretary of Commerce John Bryson – former CEO in energy sector

Smart Grid Enables:• Higher Penetration

of Renewables• Smart Charging of

Electric Vehicles• Consumers to

Control Energy Bills• Efficient Grid

Operations & Reduced Losses

• Reduced Distribution Outages

• Improved System Reliability & Security


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What Will the Smart Grid Look Like?

High use of variable renewables Distributed generation and microgrids

Ubiquitous networked sensors

Smart meters and real time usage data

Dynamic pricingEnergy management systems

Smart appliances

Distributed storage

Bidirectional metering

Electric vehicles


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National Institute of Standards and Technology

• Non-regulatory agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce– Originally National Bureau of Standards (established 1901)

• NIST Laboratories research activities at two main campuses– Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado

$515M for Laboratories; over 2800 employees (3 Nobel prizes), 2600 associates, U.S. National Metrology Institute

Strong partnerships with industry, academia, government Research, calibrations, standard reference materials, data … Physical, Material Measurements, Engineering, IT Labs


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NIST Roles in the Smart Grid

• Measurement research– Metering– Wide area monitoring

(synchrophasors)– Power electronics– Building energy

management– Others …

• Standards (EISA role)– Interoperability– Cybersecurity


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Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy

National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

- Directs U.S. Federal Agencies to use voluntary consensus standards developed by consensus standards bodies, where possible

- Encourages U.S. Gov’t participation in voluntary consensus standards bodies when compatible with missions, authorities, etc.

- Directs NIST to coordinate Federal standards and conformity assessment activities with those of the private sector


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The Energy Independence and Security Act gives NIST “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”

• Congress directed that the framework be “flexible, uniform, and technology neutral”

• Use of these standards is a criteria for federal Smart Grid Investment Grants

• Input to federal and state regulators


The NSTC Subcommittee on Smart Grid Policy’s “A Policy Framework for the 21st Century Grid: Enabling Our Secure Energy Future” recognizes the Federal Government’s role to catalyze the development and adoption of open standards.


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The Energy Independence and Security Act gives NIST “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”

• Congress directed that the framework be “flexible, uniform, and technology neutral”

• Use of these standards is a criteria for federal Smart Grid Investment Grants

• Input to federal and state regulators


Key Federal policy recommendations:

• Enable cost-effective smart grid investments

• Unlock innovation

• Empower and inform consumers

• Secure the grid


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US Government Roles in Smart Grid

Federal

State

FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission

Smart Grid Task Force / National Science &Technology Council

Smart GridSubcommittee

Other FederalAgencies (EPA, …)

Office of Science & Technology Policy; National Economic Council;& Council on Environmental Quality

FERC – NARUCSmart Response Collaborative

Public Utility Commissions


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http://www.energy.gov/index.htm

http://www.fcc.gov/

SGIG Topic Areas

US Smart Grid Investment Grants

Category $ Million

Integrated/Crosscutting 2,150

AMI 818

Distribution 254

Transmission 148

Customer Systems 32

Manufacturing 26

Total 3,429

Geographic Coverage of Selected Projects

18 million smart meters1.2 million in-home display units206,000 smart transformers177,000 load control devices170,000 smart thermostats877 networked phasor measurement units671 automated substations100 PEV charging stations


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http://www.energy.gov/index.htm

Outline





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NIST Three Phase Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability

PHASE 1Identify an initial set of

existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps

2009 2010

PHASE 2Establish Smart Grid

Interoperability Panel (SGIP) public-private forum with

governance for ongoing efforts

SGIP meetings

Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Established Nov 2009

PHASE 3Conformity Framework (includes Testing and

Certification)

NIST Interoperability Framework 1.0 Released Jan 2010

Summer 2009 WorkshopsDraft Framework Sept 2009

Technical information to

support regulators

2011


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NIST Smart Grid Framework and Roadmap 1.0

• Published January 2010– Extensive public input and review– Completed in Less than 1 year

• Smart Grid Vision & Reference Model

• Identified 75 existing standards• 16 Priority Action Plan Projects

are filling key gaps• Companion Cyber Security

Strategy

http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/

Smart Grid Domains

Release 2.0 now open for Public Comment (Federal Register Notice, Oct 25)


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SGIP Stakeholder Categories

18

1 Appliance and consumer electronics providers

2 Commercial and industrial equipment manufacturers and automation vendors

3 Consumers – Residential, commercial, and industrial

4 Electric transportation industry Stakeholders

5 Electric utility companies – Investor Owned Utilities (IOU)

6 Electric utility companies - Municipal (MUNI)

7 Electric utility companies - Rural Electric Association (REA)

8 Electricity and financial market traders (includes aggregators)

9 Independent power producers

10Information and communication technologies (ICT) Infrastructure and Service Providers

11 Information technology (IT) application developers and integrators

12 Power equipment manufacturers and vendors

13 Professional societies, users groups, and industry consortia

14 R&D organizations and academia

15 Relevant Government Agencies

16 Renewable Power Producers

17 Retail Service Providers

18 Standard and specification development organizations (SDOs)

19 State and local regulators

20 Testing and Certification Vendors

21 Transmission Operators and Independent System Operators

22 Venture Capital


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SGIP OrganizationGoverning

Board SGIP

Officers

Priority Action Plan Teams

PAP 2

Domain Expert Working Groups

H2G

TnD

B2G

I2G PEV2G

BnP

SGIP Administrator

PAP 1 PAP 3

PAP …PAP 4 PAP 17

NIST

Standing Committees &Working Groups

Test & Certification Committee (SGTCC)

ArchitectureCommittee

(SGAC)

Cyber Security Working Group

(CSWG)

Coordination Functions

Program Mgmt Office(PMO)

Comm. Marketing Education

(CME)

Bylaws & Operating

Procedures (BOP)

SGIP Membership

Electromagnetic Interoperability Issues


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Energy Usage Information Standard

20

class EnergyUsageInformation

Reading

+ cost: float [0..1]+ ID: string [0..1]+ timeStamp: dateTime [0..1]+ value: float [0..1]

Interv alReading

+ cost: float [0..1]+ endTimeStamp: dateTime [0..1]+ ID: string [0..1]+ timeStamp: dateTime [0..1]+ value: float [0..1]

ReadingQuality

+ quality: string [0..1]

0..*

0..*

Standardizes data elements available to consumers or authorized 3rd party application providers

• Work initiated (SGIP PAP10) - July 2009• Requirements finalized - June 2010• Standard developed and published by

NAESB - December 2010• Follow on Standardization Energy Service

Provider Interface (ESPI) – Oct 2011


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• Permanent Working Group– Over 650 public and private sector

participants

• August 2010 NIST publishes: Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security– Risk assessment guidance for implementers– Recommended security requirements– Privacy recommendations

• Collaborating with: – DOE NESCOR on SEP 1.0 and 1.1

guidance– DOE/NERC/NIST on risk management

document– NERC Task Force on Cybersecurity

Cyber Security Working Group


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NIST & SGIP Activities Going Forward

• Framework Release 2.0 – receive comments, resolve, publish final version

• Smart Grid Interoperability Panel – Executing work program– Process improvements to address utility concerns– Testing and certification programs– Cybersecurity standards and guidelines

• Continuing engagement with FERC and state regulators on standards matters

• Additional outreach and engagement with international standards organizations and government-government interactions


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23

SGIP International Collaboration Objectives• Help provide leadership to the global community of smart grid

interoperability stakeholders.• Coordination with different national Smart Grid efforts to encourage

alignment and minimize issues surrounding harmonization and interoperability.

• Outreach to discover (and coordinate with) people and organizations with smart grid interoperability needs and interests, bring awareness to the SGIP effort and encourage partnership in regions where access to North American meetings may be difficult.

• Leverage resources and expedite work to address common gaps shared across different regions of the world, learn from other Smart Grid successes and failures, and share those experiences through the SGIP.

• Increase international participation in the SGIP in its unique role as a facilitating organization that works with all standards development groups.

• Provide a forum to discuss ways to effectively engage developers of smart grid international standards, irrespective of where such people are located.


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Outreach and Engagement Examples

• George Arnold, National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability, NIST

• Work within Standards Development Organizations– Mix of leadership, technical involvement

• Liaisons examples– IEC Strategy Group 3 – NIST liaison– CEN-CENELEC-ETSI SG-Coordination Group – NIST liaison,

draft white paper completed, focus on architectures– ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Grid – NIST liaison– IEEE – NIST liaison– ISO, ISGAN, etc.

• SGIP membership, Letters of Intent– SGIP International Task Force established to address

international collaboration and cooperation


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Outline





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Real-time Data Management Needs

• Smart Meters• Synchro Phasors• Embedded Sensors• Distributed Generation

Output• Building Automation

Wide Area Situational Awareness• Monitors the health of the electric power grid• Will reduce blackouts and interruptions• Make operation of the grid more efficient• Priority in FERC policy statement


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NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory

• Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provide situational awareness and advance warning for grid operations

• NIST has unique PMU calibration special test service• NIST has provided measurement assistance to manufacturers

and utilities on design, testing and use of PMUs, and has helped to evaluate and improve standards.

• Example: Mandatory testing of PMUs to be used in Brazil


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North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)

• Project sponsored by DOE and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)

• Promoting “better use of measurements and information to improve system performance”

• NIST important contributor, lead of performance requirements team

• NASPI provides input to standards process (IEEE)

Eastern Interconnection

Texas/TRE/ERCOT Interconnection

Western Interconnection

Eastern Interconnection

Western Interconnection

(Quebec Interconnection)

NERC Reliability Regions


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NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory

• North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPInet)• Developed PMU test methods under dynamic conditions (changing

frequency and phase) for inclusion in IEEE C37.118.1 standard • Developing test methods for PMU calibrators, adding capability to test

PMUs with 1588 synchronization capability• Introduction of message transmission of synchrophasor data using IEC

61850 substation automation standard


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NIST Static PMU Calibration SystemFile copy provided by http://www.wll.com

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NIST Dynamic PMU Test System

• Testbed Synchronized to UTC

• Generates signals modulated in amplitude, and frequency / phase

• Generates steps in magnitude, phase, or freq.


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NIST Research: Electric Power Metering

• All electric energy (kilowatt-hours) sold in the U.S. (over $300 Billion/year) is traceable to NIST Electric Power Laboratory

• ANSI C12 standards for electricity metering, typically mandated in the U.S. by state Public Utility Commissions (PUCs)• NIST chair of ANSI C12 main committee (NEMA)

• Project leader of Power & Energy research/calibration service

• Quantum watt: successfully tied electric power to quantum standards (major development effort: DSP-based waveform generator, world’s best voltage amplifier, AC Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard) - uncertainties decreased from 15 to 2 ppm

• Future: three phase power, distorted power


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NIST Research: Building Automation Control

• Addressing the role of the building in the smart grid:– 72% of all electricity is consumed by

building system loads.– NIST building smart grid research is

focused on grid-aware energy management in complex facilities.

– Research leads to information models that enable communication standards for the Smart Grid

– Building systems control strategies for load, generation and storage management

– Net-zero residential building testbed– Islanding strategies for graceful

degradation of building system performance during grid outages

NIST Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed


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Smart Grid Challenges and Opportunities

• Metering– Bidirectional metering, testbeds…

• Sensors and automated control– PMUs, time synchronization, distributed sensors…

• Smart Grid architecture and operations– Research/modeling of grid stability (load/generation)– Microgrids, …

• Power Electronics• Electromagnetic Compatibility/Interference• Energy Efficiency• Integration with Net-Zero Buildings• Cybersecurity• Electric Vehicles/Storage• Communication protocols• Testing and certification activities, many others …


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Contact info

• Dr. David WollmanNIST Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems OfficeU.S. Department of [email protected]

Dr. George ArnoldNational Coordinator for Smart Grid [email protected]


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Accelerating Smart Grid Standards Development Keeping the Lights On: Strategies for Compatibility and Interoperability in Electrical Power Networks Dr.

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