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ACADs (08-006) Covered
KeywordsDirect radiation levels, gross beta activity, Cs-137, primary pathways, critical pathways, operating report, dose patterns, weather patterns, population distribution, land use.
Description
Supporting MaterialRadiological Environmental Monitoring Program Instructor Handout
1.1.8.3.2 1.2.1.9 3.1.1.7 3.1.1.14 3.2.4.1 3.2.4.4 3.3.10.8 3.3.15.1
3.3.15.2 3.3.15.5 4.2.7.26
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HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 2 of 52
TP-2TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Enabling Objectives
• Objectives of REMP• REMP Requirements Document• Two Primary Pathways• Parameters of Critical Pathway Analysis• Importance of Preoperational Monitoring• Direct Radiation Measurements• Local, Perimeter, & Remote Stations
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TP-3TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Enabling Objectives
• Categories of Food Products• Water Sampling Technique• Categories of Fish• Quality Control Samples• Purpose of Land Use Survey• Predominant Fission/Activation Product• Results Report
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TP-4TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
REMP Objectives
• Determine Plant Effects on People• Determine Trends of Radioactivity in the
Environment• Provide Assurance to the Public• Meet Regulatory Requirements• Provide for Monitoring during Emergencies
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TP-5TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
REMP Bases
• 10 CFR 50, Appendix A, General Design Criterion 64 - Monitor Plant Environs for Radioactivity.
• 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, Appropriate Monitoring to Evaluate Doses.
• NRC Generic Letter 89-01 – Programmatic Controls in Tech Specs & ODCM
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TP-6TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
REMP Descriptions
• FSAR – General Monitoring Program• Plant Technical Specifications – Administrative
Controls.• Plant Offsite Dose Calculation Manual
(ODCM) – Specific Requirements for the Monitoring Programs
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TP-7TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Critical Pathways
• Airborne Pathways
• Waterborne Pathways
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TP-8TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Airborne Pathways
• Direct (Air)1. Direct Radiation2. Inhalation
• Indirect (Ground or Terrestrial)1. Materials Deposited on Ground2. Materials Deposited on Plants and Ingested.
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TP-9TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Waterborne Pathway
• Ingestion of Water
• Ingestion of Fish or other Aquatic Animals or Plants
• Direct Exposure at the Shoreline
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TP-10TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Pathways for Exposure
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TP-11TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Parameters for aCritical Pathway Analysis
• Dose Projections
• Weather Patterns
• Population Distribution
• Land Use
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TP-12TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Air-Related PathwaysDose Conc. LLDmRem/yr
1. Air pCi/m3 pCi/m3 I-131 0.05 0.0024 0.0100Noble Gas 0.43
2. Milk pCi/L pCi/LI-131 0.09 0.05 0.50
3. Vegetables pCi/Kg pCi/KgI-131 0.62 0.21 1-8Sr-90 1.00 0.11 8Sr-89 0.70 1.00 40
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HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 13 of 52
TP-13TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
RankingAir-Related Pathways
Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr)
Sr Iodine Noble Gases
1. Vegetation(1.7) Milk (>1)(1.0 Sr-90) (Conservative(0.7 Sr-89) Assumptions)
2. Vegetation (0.62) Direct (0.43)3. Inhalation (0.05)
Milk (0.09) (Actual Location)
4.
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TP-14TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Dose Distribution – SQN% of Total Monitors
Rank Dose Sector 1-10 Miles >10 Miles 1 19.1 SSW LM, PM 2 15.4 NNE LM, PM RM 3 13.9 NE LM 4 9.0 N LM, PM 5 9.0 SW PM RM 6 6.6 S 7 5.0 SSE 8 4.7 ENE 9 3.4 SE 10 3.0 NNW 11 2.5 WSW PM 12 2.3 E 13 2.2 ESE RM 14 1.5 W PM 15 1.4 NW 16 0.9 WNW RM
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TP-15TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Dose DistributionTimes Population - SQN
% of TotalRank Dose Sector Monitors, 1-10 Miles 1 19 SSW LM, PM 2 15 WSW PM 3 12 SW PM 4 9 NW 5 9 W PM 6 6 WNW 7 5 S 8 3 NNW 9 3 SSE 10 2 N LM 11 2 NNE LM 12 2 SE 13 1 ESE 14 1 NE LM 15 1 ENE 16 1 E
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TP-16TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Water-Related Pathways
Annual DosemRem/yr Concentration LLD
1. Water pCi/L pCi/LMF&AP 0.0023 0.0920 5-10I-131 0.0051 0.0036 1-8H-3 0.0001 2.0000 330Sr-90 0.0022 0.0004 2
2. Fish pCi/g pCi/gMF&AP 0.3800 2.0000 0.01-0.10I-131 0.0210 0.0020 0.02Sr-90 0.0055 0.0001 0.10
MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products
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TP-17TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
RankingWater-Related Pathways
Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr)
Iodine Sr MF&AP1. 2. Fish
(0.38)3. Fish
Ingestion (0.021)4. Water Water Water
Ingestion (0.0051) Ingestion (0.0022) Ingestion
Fish (0.0055) (0.0023)
MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products
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TP-18TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
PreoperationalMonitoring Program
• Establish Background Radiation Levels
• Identify Fluctuations in Background Data
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TP-19TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Background Fluctuations
• Seasonal
• Annual
• Random
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TP-20TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Gross Beta in Air
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TP-21TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
ThermoluminescentDosimeter
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TP-22TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Direct RadiationMonitoring
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TP-23TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Atmospheric MonitoringStations
• Local Monitors (LM) – On or Adjacent to the Site Boundary
• Perimeter Monitors (PM) – 3-10 Miles from the Site
• Remote Monitors (RM) – > 10 Miles from the Site
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TP-24TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Air Monitor Station
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TP-25TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Original Air Filter
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TP-26TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Air FlowMeasuring Equipment
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TP-27TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Present Air SampleCollector
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TP-28TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Air Filter Assembly
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TP-29TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Rainwater Collection Tray
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TP-30TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
One Type ofSoil Sampler
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TP-31TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Typical Food Products - 1
• Fresh Leafy Vegetables1. Lettuce2. Cabbage3. Greens
• Other Vegetables1. Tomatoes2. Green Beans3. Corn
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TP-32TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Typical Food Products - 2
• Tubers1. Potatoes2. Turnips
• Fruits1. Apples2. Peaches
• Meat/Poultry1. Beef2. Chicken
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TP-33TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Water Sampling Station
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TP-34TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Fish Samples
• Commercial Species1. Catfish2. Smallmouth Buffalo
• Game Species1. Bass2. Crappie
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TP-35TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Electrofishing
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TP-36TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Sample Analyses
• Gross Beta – Low Background Counter• I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-
Gamma Coincidence Counting• Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct.• Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting
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TP-37TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Liquid ScintillationCounting
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TP-38TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Sample Analyses
• Gross Beta – Low Background Counter• I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-Gamma
Coincidence Counting• Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct.• Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting• Gamma – Gamma Spectroscopy
1. Marinelli Beaker2. “Cottage Cheese” Type Container, Various
• Charcoal Cartridge – High Resolution Gamma
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TP-39TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Marinelli Beakers
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TP-40TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Counting Solid Samples
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TP-41TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Quality Control Program
• Equipment Checks• Laboratory Cross Check Program with Outside
Laboratory• Split Samples with AL, TN, & EPA• Quality Control Samples• Supervisors Review Trends/Problems
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TP-42TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Quality Control Samples
• Blank Samples• Duplicate Samples• Split Samples• Analytical Knowns• Blind Spikes• Internal Cross-Checks
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TP-43TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Land Use Survey
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TP-44TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
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TP-45TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
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TP-46TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Direct Radiation LevelsSequoyah Nuclear Plant
Four Quarter Moving Average
10
15
20
25
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Calendar Year
Ave
rag
e E
xpo
sure
/ m
R /
Qtr
On-Site
Off-Site
Initial SQNP operation in July, 1980
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TP-47TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
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TP-48TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Cs-137 in Soil
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TP-49TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
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TP-50TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
• Site/Plant Descriptions• Monitoring Program Description• Assessment/Evaluation of Plant Impacts• Monitoring Program Modifications• Missed Samples/Analyses
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TP-51TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
• Analytical Procedures• Nominal Lower Limits of Detection (LLD)• Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program• Land Use Survey Results• Data Tables
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TP-52TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Summary - Analysis
• Critical Pathway Analysis Includes Dose Projections
Based on:
1. Dose Projections
2. Weather Patterns
3. Population Distribution
4. Land Use
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TP-53TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Summary - REMP
• REMP Sampling1. Direct Radiation2. Atmospheric Media3. Terrestrial Media4. Waterborne Media
• Quality Assurance/Quality Control• Land Use Survey• Annual Report to NRC