-
Vitamin C.
.
-
Vitamin C
(scurvy)
(cereals) vitamin c ascorbic acid
-
Vitamin C
vitamin c 250 (vinegar) (sulfuric acid) (seawater) (citrus fruit) ascorbic acid no-scurvy (a+scorbutus)
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Vitamin c ascorbic acid 2
reduced form oxidized form
L-ascorbic acid enolic form -
ketolactone (2,3-didehydro-L-threo-hexano-1,4-lactone)
oxidized diketo form (dehydro-L-
ascorbic acid) ascorbic acid L-
ascorbic acid dehydro-L-ascorbic acid
-
ascorbic acid reduced form (L-ascorbic acid) ascorbic acid oxidized (dehydro-L-ascorbic acid) reduced reduced form electron glutathione
-
vitamin c
L-ascorbic acid hydrogen hydroxyl 2 3 ascorbic acid oxidation ascorbic acid antioxidant ascorbic acid electron (electron donor) hydroxylation
-
vitamin c
Vitamin c collagen
collagen (connective tissue)
collagen amino acid proline lysine
collagen ascorbic acid reduce metal site propyl (iron) hydroxylase lysyl (copper) hydroxylase)
-
vitamin c
Vitamin c
collagen ascorbic acid hydroxylation dopamine noradrenaline
ascorbic acid cofactor dopamine--monooxygenase
dopamine hydroxylation (hypochondriasis)
-
vitamin c
Ascorbic acid cofactor carnitine carnitine long-chain fatty acid mitochondria -oxidation
ascorbic acid (fatigue) (lethargy)
-
vitamin c
ascorbic acid cofactor
cholesterol bile acid cholesterol-7--monooxygenase
metabolism tyrosine
amidation peptide hormones
-
vitamin c (nonenzymatic reactions) ascorbic
acid reducing agent ascorbic acid
antioxidant
ascorbic acid reducing agent nonheme iron ferric (Fe3+) ferrous (Fe2+)
ascorbic acid oxidation
plasma membrane, plasma lipids, ocular tissues oxidation phagocyte-derived oxidants
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Absorption and Metabolism of Vitamin C- Vitamin C oxidized form dehydroascorbicacid (DHA) active transport simple diffusion Sodium-Dependent Active Transport Sodium-AscorbateCo-Transporters (SVCTs) Hexose transporters (GLUTs)
- 70-80 30-180 mg
- 50 1,000 mg
- Metabolism Reversible oxidation
- Excretion unmetabolized form
-
disease of vitamin c deficiency
-
(Scurvy)
(460-380 ..)
(Scurvy) Symptoms and signs 4 Hs:
- hemorrhage
- hyperkeratosis
- hypochondriasis
- hematologic abnormalities
-
(Scurvy)Symptoms of scurvy are nonspecific and include the following:Malaise LethargyLoss of appetitePeevishness (ill-tempered)Poor weight gainDiarrheaTachypnea Fever
-
(Scurvy)
Treatment - Vitamin C 250 mg 4 times a day for 1 week
- Infantile scurvy infant formula vitamin c
-
Supplementation
-
Vitamin C Cancers- breast cancer
Holly R. Harris Meta-analysis breast cancer 100 mg breast cancer
(decreased risk of total mortality (0.81; 0.720.92) and showed the suggestion of an association with breast cancer-specific mortality (0.87; 0.751.01))
-
Vitamin C Cancers
- Prostate cancer
Julie Strattona Marshall Godwin Meta-analysis (vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc, selenium and beta-carotene ) Prostate cancer Prostate cancer
-
Vitamin C Cancers- Lung cancer
Jie Luo Meta-analysis Lung cancer 100 mg Lung cancer 7%
(dose-response relationship was found, with the risk of lung cancer decreasing by 7% for every 100 mg/day increase in the intake of vitamin C [summary RR 5 0.93, 95%CI 5 0.880.98])
-
Vitamin C Common cold
S Sasazuki common cold vitamin C randomized controlled trial 5 vitamin C supplementation 50mg (low-dose group) 500 mg (high-dose group) relative risks (95% confidence interval (CI)) common cold 3 0.34 (0.120.97) high-dose common cold
randomized controlled trial 2-9 6 (Anderson et al., 1972; Karlowski et al., 1975; Elwood et al., 1976; Ludvigssonet al., 1977; Pitt and Costrini, 1979; Briggs, 1984) Vitamin C Common cold common cold
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Vitamin C
vitamin C oxidative stress hyperglycemia (accelerate) vitamin c (in vivo ascorbate destruction)
vitamin c (supplementation) glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) vitamin c insulin activity
-
Vitamin C vitamin c
(photolytically generated free radical) (cataracts) (macular degeneration)
vitamin C 150 250 mg vitamin C
case-control vitamin c 300 mg/day 70-75%
vitamin c plasma 90 mol/L 71% clinical trial vitamin c multivitamin mineral supplement
-
Vitamin C
iron-induced oxidative stress Parkinsons Alzheimers disease
vitamin c vitamin c oxidation
Parkinsons Alzheimers disease vitamin c plasma
vitamin C vitamin E (-tocopherol) Alzheimers disease
-
Vitamin C
mechanism vitamin c vitamin c tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor nitric oxide synthase endothelial cell nitric oxide potent vasodilator
vitamin c Nitric oxide bioactivity
-
Vitamin C vitamin c
meta-analysis randomized controlled trial 29 8 vitamin c 500 mg/day
vitamin c 500 mg systolic diastolic vitamin c
-
Vitamin C
vitamin c SBP DBP vitamin c
-
Non-hypertensive trials
SBP
DBP
-
Vitamin c
vitamin c systolic vitamin c
-
Hypertensive trials
SBP
DBP
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Vitamin C Acute care
- Ascorbic acid deficiency
- mild to moderate deficiency, 100 to 250 mg IM/IV/SC or ORALLY once or twice daily
- severe, 1 to 2 g IM/IV/SC per day
- recommended dietary allowance, men, 90 mg/day; women, 75 mg/day; pregnancy, 85 mg/day; lactation, 120 mg/day
- Burn (Severe): 200 to 500 mg/day up to 1 to 2 g/day IM/IV/SC or ORALLY until healing or completion of grafting
- Wound healing: 300 to 500 mg/day IM/IV/SC or ORALLY for a wk to 10 days preoperatively and postoperatively
-
Vitamin c topical
vitamin c 45-67 vitamin c 3% cream dermal papillae cell
Dermal papillae dermal papillae
dermal papillae cell
-
Vitamin c topical
vitamin c 3% cream 4 dermal papillae topical vitamin c
cell baseline topical vitamin c
vitamin c topical vitamin c 4
-
Vitamin C daily requirement
6 (Thai Recommended Daily Intakes Thai RDI) vitamin c 60 mg/day
6-12 (USRDA) 35 mg/day
1-3 (USRDA)
40 mg/day
-
Adverse effects- Adverse effects vitamin C 3 / Osmotic diarrhea, gastrointestinal disturbance, uricosuria, oxaluria, hypoglycemia, allergic skin reaction
- vitamin C (oxalate stone formation), hemochromatosis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Iron overload renal disorder
-
Dietary sources(
) ( ) 3 187, 151 111 100
-
Dietary sources
10
- (116 100 ) (79 100 ) (101 100 ) 31 52 100
- 10-21 10 100
- 40 94 25 77
-
Dietary sources
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References1. Sizer F, Whitney E. Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies. 10th ed. Singapore: Thomson Wadsworth; 2006.
2. Jacob R, Sotoudeh G. Vitamin C Function and Status in Chronic Disease. Nutrition In Clinical Care [serial on the Internet]. (2002, Apr), [cited October 20, 2014]; 5(2): 66-74. Available from: Academic Search Complete.
3. Gibson R. Principles of nutritional assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005.
4. Rolfes S, Whitney E, Pinna K. Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition. 7th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth; 2006.
5. Juraschek S, Guallar E, Appel L, Miller III E. Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition [serial on the Internet]. (2012, May), [cited October 29, 2014]; 95(5): 1079-1088. Available from: CINAHL Plus with Full Text.
6. Sauermann K, Jaspers S, Koop U, Wenck H. Topically applied vitamin C increases the density of dermal papillae in aged human skin. BMC Dermatology [serial on the Internet]. (2004, Sep 29), [cited October 19, 2014]; 4(1): 13. Available from: MEDLINE.
7. Stratton J, Godwin M. The effect of supplemental vitamins and minerals on the development of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fam Pract. 2011 Jun;28(3):243-52.
8. Sasazuki S, Sasaki S, Tsubono Y, Okubo S, Hayashi M, Tsugane S. Effect of vitamin C on common cold: randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jan;60(1):9-17.
9. Harris HR, Orsini N, Wolk A. Vitamin C and survival among women with breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2014 May;50(7):1223-31.
10. Luo J, Shen L, Zheng D. Association between vitamin C intake and lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug 22;4:6161.
11. Micromedex Healthcare Series, (electronic version). Thomson Micromedex, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA. Available at: http://www.thomsonhc.com (cited: 28/10/2014)
