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ACADEMIC ENGLISH
ACADEMIC NURSING
Lecturer: Ns.Ira Erwina,M.Kep,Sp.Jiwa BY: The Second Group
1.IRAWATI 8.ARMAYANTI 2.FEBRI WENDARI 9.SILVIA HANDAYANI 3.DIAN
RILAWATI 10.HAFIZATUL AINI 4.RIADHOH 11.ALMIRA GANDHI 5.WISFI
DESRIANTI 12.IRMA SWANA 6.RINI HELDINA 13. YANCE YULIA 7.ARINI
ELHUDA 14 .ILHAM REZKI
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A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph.
It briefly indicates what the paragraph is going to discuss
How to find a topic sentence
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A topic sentence is a complete sentence
Contain at least 1 subject and 1 verb
Usually but not always the first sentence
A Topic Sentence
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3 point about a
topic sentence
1. Must be a
complete
sentence
2. Should be
neither general
nor too specific
3. Should not have
unrelated
controlling ideas
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Supporting Sentence
• Explain or prove the topic sentence
• One of the biggest problems in student writing is that writers
often fail to support their ideas adequately
• They need to use specific details to be through and
convincing
Supporting Sentence
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Strategies for Writing a Conclusion
Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an essay to
write, and many writers feel that they have nothing left to say
after having written the paper. A writer needs to keep in mind that
the conclusion is often what a reader remembers best. Your
conclusion should be the best part of your paper.
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A conclusion should
stress the importance of
the thesis statement,
give the essay a sense
of completeness, and
leave a final impression
on the reader
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Suggestions
Answer the question "So What?"
Show your readers why this paper
was important. Show them that
your paper was meaningful and
useful.
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Synthesize, don't summarize
• Don't simply repeat things that
were in your paper. They have
read it. Show them how the
points you made and the support
and examples you used were not
random, but fit together.
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Give your reader something to think about, perhaps a way to use
your paper in the "real" world. If your introduction went from
general to specific, make your conclusion go from specific to
general. Think globally.
Redirect your readers
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You don't have to give new
information to create a new
meaning. By demonstrating how
your ideas work together, you can
create a new picture. Often the
sum of the paper is worth more
than its parts.
Create a new meaning
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Echoing the introduction:
Echoing your introduction can be a good strategy if it is meant
to bring the reader full-circle. If you begin by describing a
scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your
essay was helpful in creating a new understanding.
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Implicitly restate your
thesis/position
Emphasize the importance of your
subject by placing it in a larger
context.
End on a relevant and powerful
quote or anecdote that serves to
“sum up” your
Some tips on what you can
do in your conclusion:
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• Do not bring in new material.
• Do not weaken your position by apologizing for what you have
already argued.
• Do not end on a “cliff hanger,” leaving the reader feeling
unsatisfied.
Some tips on what NOT to do in your conclusion:
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Reading is not just pronouncing
words—it requires understanding.
Most experienced readers use a
variety of strategies to understand
text.
Predictions encourage active
reading and keep students
interested, whether or not the
predictions are correct. Incorrect
predictions can signal a
misunderstanding that needs to be
revisited.
Difficult Words
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Learning vocabulary is a very important
part of learning a language. The more
words you know, the more you will be
able to understand what you hear and
read; and the better you will be able to
say what you want to when speaking or writing.
Learning the vocab
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• write the words in a notebook (with their
translations or definitions)
• write the words and definitions on small
cards
(advice on how to do this)
• say the words many times (if you have an
electronic dictionary you can hear how the
word is pronounced)
http://esl.fis.edu/learners/advice/voccards.htm
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• put the words into different groups (you
could use a graphic organiser)
• write them in a file for use with a computer
program
• make associations (in pictures or with
other words)
• ask someone to test you
• use the words in your own speaking or
writing
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• Make flashcards with unfamiliar words
• Use new vocabulary words in a sentence
• Make a tape recording of yourself reading the word and the
definition
• List the words in groups of positive, negative and related
words.
Tips for Learning Dificult Vocabulary
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Predict Dificult Words
• Straight definition • Pharaprase •Key word • Foot note •
Affixes, suffixes,
preffixes • Appendix • The meaning of sentence/ implied
meaning
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• Look at the pictures, table of contents, chapter headings,
maps, diagrams, and features. What subjects are in the book?
• Write down predictions about the text. During reading, look
for words or phrases from those predictions.
• While reading, revise the predictions or make new ones.
Make Prediction
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