Academic Calendar B. Tech. - Samalkha Group of Institutions · Academic Calendar (Session August ... viva-voce 1 I.C. Engine & Gas ... the paper setter will set 8 questions in all,

1

Academic Calendar (Session August – December 2014)

B. Tech. S. No. Details Date

1. Revision Exercise before 1st sessional Exams - 3rd – 4th October, 2014 (Thursday to Saturday)

2. 1st Sessional Exams (One and half Units) - 7th -10th October, 2014 (Tuesday to Friday)

3. 1st Sessonal Result - 15th October, 2014 (Wednesday)

4. Revision Exercise before 2nd sessional Exams - 7th to 8th November, 2014 (Thursday to Saturday)

5. 2nd Sessional Exams (Next one & half Units) - 10th – 13th November, 2014 (Monday to Thursday)

6. 2nd Sessonal Result - 18th November, 2014 (Tuesday)

7. 3rd Sessional (In class Room)(Full Syllabus) - 01st – 4th December, 2014 (Monday to Thursday)

M. Tech. (CSE, ECE, EEE, CE & ME) S. No. Details Date

1. 1st Sessional Examination - 17-18th October, 2014 (Friday-Saturday)

2. 2nd Sessional Examination - 28-29th November, 2014 (Friday-Saturday)

BBA & MBA S. No. Details Date

1. 1st Sessional Examination - 7th-14th October,2014 (Tuesday to Tuesday)

2. 2nd Sessional Examination - 10th – 17th November, 2014 (Monday to Monday)

Fresher’s Party Schedule

S. No. Department Venue Date

1. C. S. E. SH1/A2 Block 20th September, 2014 (Saturday)

2. E. C. E. & E. E. E. SH1/A2 Block 27th September, 2014 (Saturday)

3. M. B. A. and B. B. A. SH1/A2 Block 18th October, 2014 (Saturday)

4. M. E. & M.E. (Auto) SH1/A2 Block 15th November, 2014 (Saturday)

5. C. E. and Aero. Engg. SH1/A2 Block 22nd November, 2014 (Saturday)

List of Pending Holidays in Session 2014-15 (Odd Semester)

S. No. Name of Holiday Date Day of the week

1 Raksha Bandhan 10th August SUNDAY

2 Independence Day 15th August FRIDAY

2

3 Janmashtmi 18th August MONDAY

4 Mahatma Gandhi Birthday 2nd October THURSDAY

5 Dusshera 3rd October FRIDAY

6 Id-ul-Zuha(Bakrid) 6th October MONDAY

7 Diwali 23rd October THURSDAY

8 Vishwa Karma Day 24th October FRIDAY

9 Haryana Day 1st November SATURDAY

10 Guru Nanak Birthday 6th November THURSDAY

11 Christmas Day 25th December THURSDAY

3

2014

EDITED BY: Mech. Engg. Deptt

SGI SAMALKHA

HELPING HAND FOR ME 5th SEM

4

TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENT

PAGE NO Scheme of Examination 3

I.C. Engine & Gas Turbine Syllabus 4-5

I.C. Engine & Gas Turbine Lecture Plan 6-8

I.C. Engine & Gas Turbine Assignments 9-16

Fluid Machines Syllabus 17

Fluid Machines Lecture Plan 18-20

Fluid Machines Assignments 21-31

Heat Transfer Syllabus 32

Heat Transfer Lecture Plan 33-34

Heat Transfer Assignments 35-42

Industrial Engineering Syllabus 43

Industrial Engineering Lecture Plan 44-46

Industrial Engineering Assignments 47-54

Machine Design – 1Syllabus 55

Machine Design – 1Lecture Plan 56-58

Machine Design – 1 Assignments 59-67

Steam Generation & Power Syllabus 68

Steam Generation & Power Lecture Plan 69-78

Steam Generation & Power Assignments 73-83

LABS CURRICULUM Thermal Engineering (PR) 79 Fluid Machines (PR) Heat Transfer (PR) Industrial Engineering(pr)

80

81

82

5

6

MECHANICAL ENGINNERING

B.TECH 5TH

SEMESTER

(SCHEME OF EXAMINATION) Scheme of Examination

B. Tech 5th

Sem (Mechanical Engineering)

Teaching Schedule Examination Schedule (Marks)

Duration

S. Subjects Name Code

(Hrs) Total of Exam

No

Marks (Hrs)

L T P/D Total Sessional Theory Practical/

viva-voce

1 I.C. Engine & Gas Turbine ME 301 E 3 1 ---- 4 50 100 ---- 150 3

2 Fluid Machines ME 303 E 50 100 ---- 150 3

3 Heat Transfer ME 305 E 50 100 ---- 150 3

4 Industrial Engineering ME 307 E 3 1 ---- 4 50 100 ---- 150 3

5 Machine Design – 1 ME 309 E 2 -- 5 7 50 100 ---- 150 3

6 Steam Generation & Power ME 311 E 3 1 ---- 4 25 100 ---- 125 3

7 Thermal Engineering (PR) ME 313 E - - 2 2 25 ---- 25 50 3

8 Fluid Machines (PR) ME 315 E - - 2 2 25 ---- 25 50 3

9 Heat Transfer (PR) ME 317 E - - 2 2 25 ---- 25 50 3

10 Industrial Engineering ME 319 E - - 2 2 25 ---- 25 50 3

11 Machine Design – I

ME 321 E - - ---- ---- ----- ---- 25 25 3

(Viva-voce)

Total 17 5 13 35 425 600 125 1150

Note: Students will be allowed to use Non-Programmable scientific calculator. However, sharing of calculator will not be permitted.

Duration of theory as well as practical exams time is three hrs for all courses.

7

B. Tech. (Fifth semester) Mechanical engineering

I.C.ENGINE AND GAS TURBINES

ME 301 E L T P/D Total Theory: 100 Marks 3 1 - 4 Sessional: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours

NOTE: In the semester examination, the paper setter will set 8 questions in all, at least

two questions from each unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions,

selecting at least one from each unit.

UNIT 1 Heat engines; Internal and external combustion engines; Classification of I.C. Engines; Cycle

of operations in four strokes and two-stroke IC engines; Wankle Engine.

Assumptions made in air standard cycles; Otto cycle; Diesel cycle; Dual combustion cycle;

Comparison of Otto, diesel and dual combustion cycles; Sterling and Ericsson cycles; Air

standard efficiency, Specific work output. Specific weight; Work ratio; Mean effective

pressure; Deviation of actual engine cycle from ideal cycle.

UNIT II Mixture requirements for various operating conditions in S.I. Engines; Elementary carburetor,

Calculation of fuel air ratio; The complete carburetor; Requirements of a diesel injection

system; Type of injection system; Petrol injection; Requirements of ignition system; Types of

ignition systems, ignition timing; Spark plugs.

S.I. engines; Ignition limits; Stages of combustion in S. I. Engines; Ignition lag; Velocity of

flame propagation; Detonation; Effects of engine variables on detonation; Theories of

detonation; Octane rating of fuels; Pre-ignition; S.I. engine combustion chambers. Stages of

combustion in C.I. Engines; Delay period; Variables affecting delay period; Knock in C.I.

Engines; Cetane rating; C.I. Engine combustion chambers.

UNIT III Functions of a lubricating system, Types of lubrication system; Mist, Wet sump and dry

sump systems; Properties of lubricating oil; SAE rating of lubricants; Engine performance

and lubrication; Necessity of engine cooling; Disadvantages of overcooling; Cooling

systems; Air-cooling, Water-cooling; Radiators.

Performance parameters; BHP, IHP, Mechanical efficiency; Brake mean effective pressure

and indicative mean effective pressure, Torque, Volumetric efficiency; Specific fuel

consumption (BSFG, ISFC); Thermal efficiency; Heat balance; Basic engine measurements;

Fuel and air consumption, Brake power, Indicated power and friction power, Heat lost to

coolant and exhaust gases; Performance curves;

UNIT IV Pollutants from S.I. and C.I. Engines; Methods of emission control, Alternative fuels for

I.C. Engines; The current scenario on the pollution front.

Working of a single stage reciprocating air compressor; Calculation of work input;

Volumetric efficiency; Isothermal efficiency; Advantages of multi stage compression; Two

stage compressor with inter-cooling; Perfect inter cooling; Optimum intercooler pressure;

Rotary air compressors and their applications; Isentropic efficiency.

Brayton cycle; Components of a gas turbine plant; Open and closed types of gas turbine

plants; Optimum pressure ratio; Improvements of the basic gas turbine cycle; Multi stage

compression with inter-cooling; Multi stage expansion with reheating between stages;

8

Exhaust gas heat exchanger; Application of gas turbines.

9

Recommended books Internal combustion engine by Ramalingam scitech publication

Internal combustion engine by Ganeshan TMG Internal combustion engine by Mathur & Sharma

Heat power engineering by Dr. V.P. Vasandhani & Dr. D.S. Kumar

NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two

question from each unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions, at

least one from each unit.

10

LECTURE SCHEDULE FOR I. C ENGINES AND GAS TURBINES

S.No TOPICS No. Of

Lectures

References

1. INTRODUCTION Heat engines; internal& external combustion engines; Classification

of I.C. engines Cycle of operations in four strokes &twostroke

I.C.engines; Wankel engine.

2

1

1

T1, T2

2. AIR STANDARD CYCLES Assumptions made in air standard cycles; Otto cycle;Diesel cycle

dual combustion cycle

Comparison Of Otto; diesel&dual combution cycle.

Sterling&Ericsson cycles;air standard efficiency,

Specific work output, specific weight, work ratio,mean effective

pressure, deviation of actual engine cycle from ideal cycle

5

1

1

1

2

T1, T2

3. CARBURETION FUEL INJECTION&IGNITION SYSTEMS

Mixture requirements for various operating condtions in S.I.

Engines

Elementary carburetor, calculation of fuel air ratio

The complete carburetor; requirements of a diesel injection system

Types of injection system; petrol injection requirements of ignition

system

Types of ignition systems, ignition timing; sprak plug

5

1

1

1

1

T1,

11

4. COMBUSTION IN I.C. ENGINES S.I.engines,ignition limits, stages of combustion in S.I. Engines

Ignition lag; velocity of flame propogation detonation

Effect of engine variables on detonation ,theories of detonation

Octane rating of fuels; preignition; S.I. engine

Combustion chambers

Stages of combustion in C.I. Engines, delay period

Variables affecting delay period; knock in C.I. Engines; Cetane

rating; C.I.engine combustion chambers

7

1

1

1

4

T1, T2

5. LUBRICATION&COOLING SYSTEMS Fuctions ofa lubricating system, types of lubrication system

Wet sump &dry sumpsystems mist properties of lubricating oil

SAEratingof lubricants; engine performance&lubrication

Necessity of engine cooling; disadvantages of overcooling;

coolingsystems; air cooling water cooling radiators

4

1

1

2

T1

6. ENGINE TESTING & PERFORMANCE Performance parameters; BHP;IHP; mechanical efficiency

Brake mean effective pressure&indicative mean effective

pressure, torque volumetric efficiency

Specific fuel consumption (BSFC,ISFC) Thermal efficiency; heat

balance

Basic engine measurements; fuel&air consumption

Brake power,indicated power&friction power, heat loos to coolant

&exhaust gases; performance curves

5

1

1

1

2

T2

7. AIR POLLUTION FROM I.C.ENGINE& ITS REMEDIES

Pollutants from S.I.& C.I. Engines;methods of emission control

Alternative fuels for I.C. engines; the current scenario on the

pollution front

2

2

T1

12

8. AIR COMPRESSORS Working of a single stage reciprocating air compressor calculation

of work input

Volumetric efficiency; isothermal efficiency; advantage of

multistage compression

Two stage compression with intercooling; perfect

Intercooling; optimum intercooler pressure; rotary air compressors

&their applications; isentropic efficiency

4

1

1

2

R1

9. GAS TURBINES Brayton cycle; components of a gas turbine plant

Open &closedtypes of gas turbine plants optimum pressure ratio

Improvements of the basic gas turbine cycle multistage

compression with intercooling

Multistage expansion with reheating between stages

Exhaust gas heat exchanger applications of gas turbines

5

1

1

1

2

R1

Note: T- Text Book

R- Refrence Book

Text Book 1.Internal Combustion Engines (By Mathur& Sharma)

2.I nternal Combustion Engines (By Ganesan, McGraw Hill)

Refrence Book 1.Heat power Engineering (By Dr. V.P. Vansandani&Dr. D.S. Kumar)

2.Internal Combustion Engines (By Ramalingam, Scitech Publican)

13

ASSIGNMENT 1

Q1Derive the terms compression ratio and pressure ratio. Derive the expression evaluate

efficiency work done of an otto cycle using above term. (BT-5/D07)

Q2) With the help of neat sketches,explain the actual sequence of events in the cylinder of a

petrol engine working on four stroke cycle. (BT-5/D06)

Q3)a) Derive an expression for the mean effective pressure of the otto cycle.

b) what is the difference between actual cycle and air standard cycle. (BT-5/D09)

Q4) what are the main advantage and disadvantage of the CI engine as compare to SI engine .

in this light discuss the field of application of the two engine. (BT-5/D11)

Q5) explain with suitable sketch the working of four stoke SI engine. (BT-5/D06)

Q6) Discuss the difference between ideal and actual valve timing of a petrol engine. (BT-

5/D09)

14

ASSIGNMENT 2

Q1) Derive an expression for the efficiency and mean effective pressure of a diesel cycle.

(BT-5/D08)

Q2)a)what is the function of carburettor in a SI engine ? (BT-5/D09)

b) Describ a battery ignition system with the help of neat sketch ? what are main

disadvantages of a battery ignition system ? How these can be overcome ? (BT-5/D06)

Q3)a) Discuse with the help of suitbale sketch the following (BT-5/D14)

i) wet sump lubrication system

ii) Dir sump lubrication system

b) what is a function of a radiator ? explain the construction of typical radiator.

Q4)Derive an expression for the efficiency and mean effective pressure of a diesel cycle

(BT-5/D07)

Q5) what is the function of a carburettor in a SI engine ? briefly explain with neat sketch the

operation of a simple float tyope carburettor? (BT-5/D04)

Q6) Describ a battery ignition system with the help of neat sketch ? (BT-5/D10)

15

ASSIGNMENT 3

Q1) ) Discuse with the help of suitbal sketch the following (BT-5/D04)

i) wet sump lubrication system ii) Dir sump lubrication system

Q2) What are the various type of abnormal combustion in an I.C. engine (BT-5/D09)

Q3) Describe the phenomenon in a diesel engine and dicuss the influence of ignition delay on

knocking in a diesel engine(BT-5/D08)

Q4) Explain the effect on the performance for any three operating condition on s.i engine

(BT-5/D07)

Q5) Derive an expression for the volumetric Efficience of a reciprocating (BT-5/D02)

Q6) what is the need of cooling system in a i.c engine explain forced circulation

Cooling system (BT-5/D05)

16

ASSIGNMENT 4

Q1) Compare the variable factor or characteristics of SI & ci engines.factors or variable

should be twenty in number. (BT-5/D07)

Q2) With a neat sketch explain the working of a fuel injector. (BT-5/D08)

Q3) With a neat sketch explain the working of a simple carburetor. (BT-5/D14)

Q4) what is the function of a radiator? Explain the construction of a typical radiator. (BT-

5/D15)

Q5) Derive an expression for the efficiency on a dual combustion cycle. (BT-5/D09)

Q6) (a) Define the following terms (BT-5/D10)

(b) Octane ratio of fuel, pre-ignition delay period, variable effecting delay period, knock in CI

engine, ocetane rating

17

ASSIGNMENT 5

Q1) Explain with neat sketch the “thermo-syphon” cooling. (BT-5/D07)

Q2) What is effect of following on engine friction : (BT-5/D08)

Stroke/bore ratio 2) CR 3)oil viscosity 4) engine load 5) cooling water temperature

Q3) Find the power required to compress and deliver2 kg of air per minute from 100n/m and

20 degree to deliver pressure of 7000 n/m when compression is carried out in a single stage

compressor b) three stage compressor. (BT-5/D10)

Q4) What are the different types of lubrication system used used in CI engine ? discuss the

merits and demerits of charge lubrication(BT-5/D11)

Q5) List the various properties of a lubricating oil and the significance of charge lubrication.

(BT-5/D12)

Q6) List the various property of a lubricating oil and the significance of each property in

selecting an oil. (BT-5/D14)

18

ASSIGNMENT 6

Q1) Derive an expression for the volumetric efficiency of a single stage reciprocating

compreesor in terms of the clearance fraction polytropic index of compressor and the pressure

ratio. (BT-5/D08)

Q2) Derive the expression for efficiency and specific work output for a single gas turbine

cycle in terms of pressure ratio. (BT-5/D10)

Q3) Estimate the work required for a two stage reciprocating single acting air compressor to

compress 2.8 m3 of air per min at 1.05 bar and 10 degree Celsius to a final pressure of 35 bar .

the intermediate receiver cools the air to 30 degree and 5.6 bar pressure. (BT-5/D11)

Q4) During a trial on a four cylinder petrol engine runing at 3000 rpm the brake load was

267N when all cylinder were working . when each cylinder was cut in turn and speed

returned to 3000rpm , the brake reading were 178 n, 187 n, 182 n , and 182 n. determine 1)

friction power 2) indicated power 3) mechanical efficiency. (BT-5/D12)

Q5) Derive the expression for the pressure ratio for maximum power for a brayton cycle?

(BT-5/D14)

Q6) Prove that the condition for maximum work required for a two stage reciprocating

compressor is p2 = p1p3 (BT-5/D14)

19

ASSIGNMENT 7

Q1) Explain with neat sketch and TS diagram of the closed and open cycle gas turbine cycle.

(BT-5/D08)

Q2) A gas turbine cycle takes in air at 25 celsius and atmospheric pressure . the compression

ratio is 4 . the compression efficiency is 75 percent . the inlet temperature to turbine is limited

to 750 celsius what turbine efficiency would give over all cycle efficiency zero percent?

(BT-5/D07)

Q3)a) explain the method of emission control

b) Derive an expression for a volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor

(BT-5/D10)

Q4) Mention different type of cooling system in an engine? (BT-5/D14)

Q5) Explain constructional detail and working of rotary compressor. ( BT-5/D09)

Q6) explain note on alternate fuel ( BT-5/D07)

20

ASSIGNMENT 8

Q1)a)explain the mixture requirement of single stage reciprocating compressor

b) pollution from IC engine (BT-5/D09)

Q2)a) lubrication system used in IC engine (BT-5/D06)

b) octane rating of fuel

Q3)Explain : (BT-5/D11)

a) wankle engine

b) method of emission control

c) knocking in CI engine

Q4) Explain (BT-5/D07)

a) pollution from IC engine

b) working of single stage reciprocating compressor

Q5) Explain (BT-5/D14)

a)current scenario of pollution from automobiles

b)alternate fuel

Q6) Air enters the compressor of a gas turbine plant operating on brayton cycle at 101 kpa,,

27 celsius . the pressure ratio in the cycle is 6. Calculate the maximum temperature in the

cycle and the cycle efficiency. (BT-5/D09)

21

22

B. Tech. (Fifth semester) Mechanical engineering FLUID MACHINES






UNIT I Impact of jet stationary and moving flat and curved plates, Force on series of

vanes, Radial vanes, Vortex motion, Free and forced vortex , jet propulsion of ships

Units and dimensions; Dimensional homogeneity; Dimensional analysis’ methods; Ray Leigh

and Buckingham methods, Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis

Dimensionless numbers, Similitude laws.

UNIT II Introduction; Development of hydraulic turbines; Components of hydropower plant;

Classification of turbines; Surge tank and its type.

Pelton turbine, Its components, Number and dimension of buckets, Speed ratio, Jet ratio,

Energy conversion, Condition for maximum efficiency; Design considerations. Governing

etc.

Francis turbine, its components, working principles. Draft tube, Types of draft tube, Design

considerations; Outward vs. Inward flow reaction turbines, Introduction to Deriaz turbine,

Evolution of axial flow turbines, Kaplan turbine, Operation at off-design loads, Governing

etc.

Unit quantities, Specific speed, Runway speed, Characteristics of turbines,

UNIT III Introduction, Classification, Components, Principle of working, various heads, Energy

conversion, Euler’s head and its variation with vane shapes. Effect of finite number of vanes,

Losses and efficiencies, Minimum starting speed, Limitation of suction lift, Net Positive

Suction Head (NPSH); Multistage pumps, Specific speed and performance.

Working principles, Classification, Components, Discharge, Discharge slip, Power input,

Indicator diagram, Effect of friction, Acceleration and pipe friction, Maximum speed,

Air vessels, Comparison with centrifugal pumps. Model testing of pumps.

UNIT IV Cavitations and its effects, Cavitation parameters, Detection and Prevention of cavitations.

Model testing of turbine

Propeller pump, Jet pump, Airlift pump, Gear pump, Screw pump, Vane pump, Radial piston

pump, Submersible pump, Pump problems

Hydraulic accumulators, Hydraulic intensifier, Hydraulic lift, Hydraulic crane. Hydraulic

coupling, Torque converter, Hydraulic ram. Recommended books

Fluid mechanics and machinery by S.K.Aggarwal TMG Fluid mechanics & fluid power engineering by D.S kumar, Katson publisher

Fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machine by S.S rattan, Khanna publisher

Introduction to fluid mechanics and machinery by Som and Bishwas, TMH

23

LECTURE SCHEDULE OF FLUID MACHINES

Sl.

No. TOPICS

No. of

Lectures References

1. PRINCIPLES OF HYDRAULIC MACHINES a. Impact of jets on stationary and moving, flat

and curved plates

b. Force on series of vanes, radial vanes, vortex

motion, free and forced vortex, jet propulsion

of ships

4

2

2

T1,T2

2.

HYDRAULIC TURBINES

a. Introduction, development of hydraulic

turbines, components of hydro power plant.

b. Classification of turbines, Euler’s equation and

degree of reaction.

c. Losses and efficiency of turbunes, surge tank

and its types.

3

1

1

1

T1,T2

3. IMPULSE TURBINES Pelton turbine and its components, number and

dimension of buckets speed ratio, jet ratio, energy

conversion, condition for maximum efficiency,

design considerations, governing etc.

4

T2,T3

5. PERFORMANCE OF TURBINES

a. Unit quantities, pacific speed, run away speed,

characteristics of turbines.

b. Cavitation and its effects, cavitation

parameters, Detection and prevention of

cavitations.

4

2

2

T1,T2,R3

24

6. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

a. Introduction, classification, components,

principle of working, various heads, energy

conversion.

b. Euler’s head and its variation with vane shapes,

effect of finite number of vanes, losses and

efficiencies.

c. Minimum starting speed, limitation of suction

lift, Net positive suction head, multistage

pumps, specific speed and performance.

5

1

2

2

T1,T2

7. RECIPROCATING PUMPS

a. Working principle, classification, components,

and discharge slip.

b. Power input, indicator diagram, effect of

friction, acceleration and pipe friction,

maximum speed.

c. Air vessels, comparison with centrifugal pumps.

4

1

2

1

T1,T2

8. DIMENSIONAL ANLYSIS AND MODEL TESTING

a. Units and dimensions, dimensional

Homogenity, dimensional analysis

method, Rayleigh and Buckingham methods.

b. Application and limitations of dimensional

Analysis, dimensionless numbers, similitude

laws,

Model testing of turbines and pumps.

4

2

2

T1

9. OTHER HYDRAULIC PUMPS

a. Propeller pump, jet pumps, airlift pump, gear pump,

screw pump, vane pump, radial piston pump,

submersible pump, pump problems.

2

T1 ,T2

25

10. HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

a. Hydraulic accumulators, hydraulic intensifier,

hydraulic lift, hydraulic crane, hydraulic coupling,

Torque converter, hydraulic ram.

3

T1, T2

Note: T- Text Book; R- Reference Book.

Text Book:-

1. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines – R K Bansal

2. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines – S S Rattan

Reference Books:

1. Fluid Mechanics and Machineries – S K Aggarwal

2. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power engineering – D S Kumar

3. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Machinery – Som and Biswas

26

ASSIGNMENT 1

Q1. Find an expression for the efficiency of a series of moving curved vanes when a jet of

water is striking the vanes at one of its tips. Prove that maximum efficiency is obtained

when velocity of jet is twice the velocity of vane and value of the maximum efficiency is

50% (BT- 5/D08)

Q2. A jet of water having a velocity of 45 m/s impinges without shock of vanes moving at 15

m/s. The direction of motion of the vanes is inclined at 200 to that of jet. The relative velocity

at outlet is o.9 of that at inlet and the absolute velocity of water at exit is to be normal to the

motion of the vanes find (i) vane angels at inlet and exit (ii) work done on vanes per kg of

water and (iii) Hydraulic Efficiency. BT-5/ D09

Q.3 A jet propelled boat discharges water thought a jet of area 240 cm2 the water of being

drawn from inlet openings facing the direction of motion. Total drag is estimated to 21.2 u2.

Where u is the speed of boat in m/s. If the boat moves at 64 .8 Km /h determine

(i) Relatives velocity of jet.

(ii)Energy supplied by the jet.

(iii) Power of motor required to work the pumps and

(iv) Efficiency of propulsion.

Take efficiency of pump set as 80% and density of water 1020 kg/m3 BT-5/D11

Q4.(a) A jet of water moving with a velocity of 22 m/sec strikes a curved vane tangentially at

one end and leaves at an angle of 1200 to the direction on motion of the vane. The nozzle

angle is 180 and the vane velocity is 10m/sec. calculate

(i) Vane angle at inlet and outlet.

(ii)Work done per second per unit mass of water

(b) A jet of water diameter 75mm moving with a velocity of a 25 m/sec strike a fixed plate in

such a way that angle between the jet and plate is 600. Find the force exerted by the jet on the

plate.

(i) In the direction normal to the plate.

(ii) In the direction of jet. BT-5/D06

Q5. (a) A stationary curved vane having an inlet angle of zero degree and an outlet angle of

250 receives water at velocity of 50m/sec. determine the component of force in the direction

of jet velocity and normal to it. Also determine resultant force in magnitude and direction per

unit weight of flow.

(b) A jet of water of diameter 50mm strikes a fixed plate in such a way that angle between

the plate and jet is 300. The force exerted in the direction of the jet is 1471.5 N. Determine

rate of flow of water. BT-5/D05

27

Q6. A jet propelled ship provided with four jets of water sails at a steady speed of 5m/s when

the velocity of jet relative to water is 10m/s. the efficiency of pump operating the jet is

estimated to be 85% and the frictional resistance of pipe work equals 2m of water. If the

propelling force equals 9.8KN, calculate the power required to drive the pump and overall

efficiency of the system for the following two cases;

(i) Water enters the ship from bow is ejected from astern

(ii) Water enters the ship at amid-ship and is ejected from astern. Take engine efficiency

45%. Find jet diameter also. BT-5/DX

28

ASSIGNMENT 2

Q1. What do you mean by dimensionless number? Define and explain various types of

dimensionless numbers. Also derive expression for any two numbers out of these.

Q2. The discharge Q of a centrifugal pump depends on the mass density of the fluid (Ρ), the

speed of pump (N), the diameter of the impeller (D) the manometric head (Hm) and the

viscosity of fluid is (u). Show that

Q= ND3 Φ [(gu/N

2D

2), (u/ℓND

2)] BT-5/D11

Q3. (a)Define the following dimensionless number:

(i)Froude’s number

(ii)Weber’s number

(b) Explain Buckingham π theorem. BT-5/D06

Q4 (a) define the following dimensionless number:

(i)Euler’s number

(ii)Mach’s number

(b) Using Buckingham π theorem, show that the velocity through a circular orifice is given by

V =√ 2gH Φ [(D/H), (µ/ρvH)]

Where

H is the head causing the flow

D is the diameter of the orifice

µ is the coefficient of velocity

ρ is the mass density and g is acceleration due to gravity. BT-5/DO5

Q5. (a)What are the guidelines is selecting the repeating variables?

(b) With Reynolds numbers as the criterion of similarity, obtain the scale ratios for velocity,

discharge, time acceleration and force.

29

ASSIGNMENT 3

Q1. A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed to develop 9100 kW. The net available head is

5.6 m. if the speed ratio is 2 .09, flow ratio is o.68, overall efficiency is 86% and the dia. of

the bosh is 1/3 the dia. of the runner, find the diameter of the runner, its speed and the specific

speed of the turbine. BT-5 /DO8

Q2. (A) Explain with sketch the various components of a hydro power plant.

(b) Find an expression for the hydraulic efficiency of a pelton wheel. Find also the condition

for maximum efficiency. BT-5/DO9

Q3. (a) Draw a schematic diagram of Francis turbine and explain briefly its construction and

working.

(b) Explain the operating or constant speed characteristic curves for hydraulic turbines.

(c) How is specific speed of a turbine? BT-5/D11

Q4. (a) Describe various component of a Hydro-power plant with neat sketch .

(b)A pelton wheel is to be designed for the following specification

Shaft power = 11772 Kw, Head =380 m, Speed =750 r. p m, overall efficiency=86%

Jet diameter is not to exceed one – sixth of wheel diameter Determine:

(i) The wheel Diameter

(ii) Diameter of jet

(iii) No. of jet required,

Take Kvi=0.985 and, Kui=0.45. (BT-5/D06)

Q5. (a) What is the draft? Explain its function .also explain different type of draft tube with

Neat sketch.

(b) The internal and external diameters of an outward flow reaction turbine are 2 m and 2.75

m respectively .the turbine is running at 250 rpm. The rate of flow of water thought the

turbine is 5m3/sec. the width of the runner is constant a inlet and outlet and equal to 250 mm.

the head of the turbine is 150m. Neglecting thickness of the vane and taking discharge radial

at outlet, determine:

(i) Vane angle at inlet and outlet

(ii) Velocity of flow at inlet and outlet. (BT-5/D05)

Q6. (a) Classify hydraulic turbines on different basis.

30

(b) a single jet pelton turbine is required to drive a generator to develop the 10MW. The

available head at nozzle is 762m. assume generator efficiency 95%, turbine efficiency 87%,

coefficient of velocity 0.97, mean bucket velocity 0.46 of jet velocity, outlet angle of the

bucket 150 and the friction of the bucket reduce the relative velocity by 15%. Find: diameter

of jet, rate of flow of water through the turbine and force exerted by the jet on the buckets.

BT-5/DX

31

ASSIGNMENT 4

Q1. Derive an expression for the work done per second per unit weight in a reaction turbine.

Also find the expression for hydraulic efficiency for the reaction turbine. BT-5 /DO8

Q2. (a) Explain with sketch the various component of a hydro power plant.

(b). Find an expression for the hydraulic efficiency of a pelton wheel. Find also the condition

for maximum efficiency. BT-5/DO9

Q3. The propeller reaction turbine of runner diameter 4.5m is running at 48 rpm. The guide

blade angle at inlet is 1450 and the runner blade angle at outlet is 250 to the direction of vane.

The axial flow area of water through the runner is 30m2. If the runner blade angle at the inlet

is radial determine

(i) Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine.

(ii) Discharge through the turbine and

(iii) Power developed by the runner BT-5/D11

Q4. (a) What is a specific speed of the turbine? Derive an expression for the specific speed of

turbine.

(b) A Francis’s turbine as is inner diameter of wheel 0.6 times the outer diameter. Water

enters the turbine at 120 to the tangent of the wheel. Blade angles are radial at the inlet. The

velocity of flow is constant through the turbine head is 2.5m/sec. the speed of the runner is

280rpm. The width of the wheel at the inlet is 10 cm. 5% of area of flow is blocked by the

runner blade diameter determine,

(i) Inner and outer diameter of wheel

(ii) Working head. (BT-5/D06)

Q5. (a) What is the working principle of Francis turbine? Explain its various components

(b) A pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1 m and is running at 1000 rpm. The

net head on the pelton wheel is 700m. if the side clearance angle is 150. And the discharge

through the nozzle is 0.1 m3/sec, find;

(i) Power available at the nozzle

(ii) Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. (BT-5/D05)

Q6. (a) Assuming constant velocity of flow through then modern Francis turbine having

radial vane at inlet derive a relation of hydraulic efficiency in term of guide blade angle.

32

(b) A Kaplan turbine produces of 60MW under a net head of 25m with an overall efficiency

of 90%. Taking the value of speed ratio as 1.6, flow rate ratio 0.5, ad hub diameter as 0.35

times the outer diameter; find the diameter and speed of the turbine. BT-5/DX

ASSIGNMENT 5

Q1. (a) A centrifugal pump raised the head of water by 30m. Its speed is 1000 rpm. And

discharge 220 liters per second. The outlet angle of the backward curved vanes is 300 and the

velocity of flow at outlet is 2.8 m/s. if the hydraulic efficiency of the pump is 79%, find the

diameter and the width of impeller at the outlet.

(b) Discuss the of finite number of vanes on Euler’s head of a centrifugal pump. BT-5/DO9

Q2. (a) Derive an expression for the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal pump?

(b) A three stage centrifugal pump has impeller 400mm in diameters and 20mm wide. The

vane angle at outlet is 450 and the area occupied by assumed 8% of the total area. If pump

delivers 3.6m3 of water per minute when running at 920 rpm determine:

(i) Power of the pump

(ii) Manometric head and

(iii)Specific speed

Assume mechanical efficiency as 88% and manometric efficiency as 77%. BT-5/D11

Q3. (a) Compare centrifugal and reciprocating pumps.

(b) A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger diameter of 250 mm and stroke of 450

mm and it is driven with S.H.M. at 60 rpm. The diameter of delivery pipe is 60m. And 100

mm respectively. Determine the power saved in overcoming friction in the delivery pipe by

fitting an air vessel on the delivery side of the pump. Assume friction factor =0.01

(BT-5/D06)

Q4. A single acting reciprocating pump is to raise a liquid of density 1200kg/m3 through a

vertical height of 11.5m, from 2.5 below pump axis to 9 m above it. The plumber which use

with stroke 2.25 mm. the suction and delivery pipes are 75mm diameter and 3.5 m and 13.5

mm long respectively. There is a large air vessel placed on the delivery pipe near the pump

axis. But there is no air vessel on the suction pipe. If the separation takes place at 8.829N/cm2

below atmospheric pressure, find

(i) Maximum speed, with which the pump can run without separation taking place, and

(ii) Power required to derive the pump, if f= 0.02. Neglect slip for the pump. (BT-5/D05)

Q5. (a) Discuss closed, semi closed and open impeller with their application.

(b) A centrifugal pump impeller runs at 950rpm. Its external and internal diameter is 500mm

and 250mm respectively. The angle of backward curved vanes at outlet is 300. The radial

velocity of flow through out impellor is constant at 2m/s. find angle of vanes at inlet, the

33

velocity and the direction of water at outlet, and manometric head neglecting losses within

the impeller. ` (BT-5/D05)

ASSIGNMENT 6

Q1. Explain the working of the following hydraulic machines with neat sketch:

(i) Torque convertor

(ii) Jet pump

(iii) Airlift pump

(iv) Hydraulic intensifier.

BT-5 /DO8

Q2 (a) what is NPSH? Discuss its importance.

(b) Discuss the effect of acceleration head and pipe friction on indicator diagram.

(c) What is an air vessel? BT-5/DO9

Q3. (a) Show from the first principles that work saved in a single acting reciprocating pump,

by filling an air vessel is, 84.4%.

(b) Define indicator diagram. Prove that work done by reciprocating pump is proportional to

the area of indicator diagram. BT-5/D11

Q4. (a) A double acting reciprocating pump, running at 40r.p.m.is discharging 1.0m3of

water/minutes. The pump has a stroke of 400 mm. The diameter of the piston is 200mm.The

delivery and suction heads are 20 m and 5m respectively. Find the slip of pump and the

power required to drive the pump.

(b) A Centrifugal pump work against ahead of 8m and pumps 1500 liter/sec. It rotates at 180

r.p.m. Diameter of the impeller at the outlet is1.3m and the area at the outer periphery

is0.3.Assume the ratio of the external to the internal diameter to be 2 and vane angle at the

outlet 300, find

(i) Hydraulic Efficiency.

(ii) Power Required

(iii) Minimum starting speed (BT-5/D06)

Q5. A centrifugal pump having outer diameter equal to two times of inner diameter and

running at 1000 r.p.m. works against a total head of 40 m. the velocity of flow through the

impeller is constant and equal to 2.5 m/sec. the vanes are set back angle of 400 at outlet. If the

outer diameter of the impeller is 500 mm and width at outlet is 50 mm determine:

(i) Vane angle at inlet

34

(ii) Manometric efficiency

(iii) Work done by impeller on water/sea. (BT-5/D05)

Q6 (a) Enumerate the salient point of difference between the centrifugal and reciprocating

pumps.

(b) A single acting reciprocating pump has a diameter of 50 cm and stroke 50 cm. it takes its

supply of water from sump 3.5 m below the pump axis through a pipe 10 m long and 20 cm

diameter. If separation occurs at 2.5 m of water absolute, find (i) speed at which separation

may take place at the beginning of suction stroke (ii) change in speed of pump if an air vessel

is fitted on the suction side 2.5 m above the sump water level. Take ƒ = 0.01 and barometric

head = 10.3 m of water. BT-5/DX

35

ASSIGNMENT 7

Q1. A centrifugal pump lifts water under a static head of 36 m of water of which 4 m is

suction lift. Suction and delivery pipes are both 150 mm in diameter .the head loss in suction

pipe is 1.8 m and in delivery pipe 7 m. The impeller is 380 mm in diameter and 25 mm wide

at mouth and revolves at 1200 rpm. Its exit blade angle is 350 .if the manometric efficiency of

the pump is 82%, determine the discharge and the pressure at the suction and delivery

branches of the pump. BT-5/DO9

Q2 (a) what is cavitations? Define Thomson cavitation number.

What are the various methods to prevent cavitation?

(b) Why model testing of turbines is performed? Explain. BT-5/DO9

Q3 (a) enlist the factor responsible for the cavitation in water turbines; suggest few methods

to avoid it.

(b) Enumerate different laws on which models of fluid machines are designed for dynamic

similarity. Where are they used? BT-5/D11

Q4. (a) Explain the torque convertor with neat sketch.

(b) Explain various methods to prevent cavitation. BT-5/DO6

Q5. An accumulator is loaded with 40 KN weight. The ram has a diameter of 30 cm and

stroke of 6 m. its friction may be taken as 5%. It takes two minutes to fall through its full

stroke. Find the total work supplied and power delivered to the hydraulic appliance by the

accumulator when 7.5 liters/sec is being delivered by a pump, while the accumulator

descends with the stated velocity. BT-5/DO5

Q6 (a) A Francis turbine is working under a head of 100m and develops 20 MW while

running at 200 r.p.m. estimate the maximum length of straight conical draft tube when it is 1

m sink below the tail race. Cavitation should be avoided.

(b) A model of Francis turbine 1/5 of full size develops 3 kW at 306 r.p.m. under a head of

5.7 m. if (i) the efficiency of model and size turbine are same (ii) the efficiency of model

turbine is 76% and scale effect is considered. BT-5/DX

36

ASSIGNMENT 8

Q1. Write a short note on the following.

(i) Model testing of turbines.

(ii) Cavitation and its prevention

(iii) Differentiate impulse and reaction turbine.

(iv) Different types of efficiency of turbine. BT-5/D08

Q2. (a) Explain with the help of neat sketch, the working of an air lift pump.

(b) Explain with sketch the working of a torque convertor. BT-5/D09

Q3. Write a short note on the following.

(i) Hydraulic ram

(ii) Jet pump

(iii) Torque convertor. BT-5/D11

Q4. (a)The efficiency of the hydraulic crane, which is supplying water under a pressure of

70N/cm2 for lifting a weight through a height 10 m is 60%. If the diameter of the ram is 150

mm and velocity ratio is 6, find:-

(i) The weight lifted by the crane.

(ii) The volume of water required in liters to lift the weight.

(b)Write a short note on submersible pump. BT-5/D06

Q5. (a) Explain hydraulic coupling with neat sketch.

(b) The water is supplied at the rate of 3000liters/minutes from a height of 4m to a hydraulic

ram, which raises 300liters/ min. BT-5/D05

Q6. Discuss construction and working of the following with neat sketch:

(a) Gear pump

(b) Hydraulic intensifier. BT-5/DX

37


HEAT - TRANSFER






UNIT I Definition of heat; Modes of Heat Transfer; Basic Laws of heat transfer, Electrical Analogy

of heat conduction; Conduction through composite Walls; Overall heat transfer coefficient.

The general conduction equation in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates Steady

one dimensional heat conduction without internal heat generation; The plane slab; The

cylindrical shell; The spherical shell; Critical thickness of insulation; Variable thermal

conductivity, Steady one dimensional heat conduction with uniform internal heat generation

the plane slab; Cylindrical and spherical systems; Fins of uniform cross section; Governing

equation; Temperature distribution and heat dissipation rate; Efficiency and effectiveness of

fins.

UNIT II Free and forced convection; Newton’s law of cooling, Convective heat transfer Coefficient;

Nusselt number; Dimensional analysis of free and forced convection; Analytical solution to

forced convection problems; The concept of boundary layer; Hydrodynamic and thermal

boundary layer; Momentum and Energy equations for boundary layer; Exact solution for

laminar flow over an isothermal plate using similarity transformation; The integral approach;

Integral momentum and energy equations; Solution of forced convection over a flat plate

using the integral method. Analysis of free convection; governing equations for velocity and

temperature fields. Relation between fluid friction and heat transfer, Reynolds analogy

Dimensionless numbers; Reynolds, Prandtl Nusselt , Grashoff and Stanton Numbers and their

significance, Heat transfer with change of phase; Nusselt theory of laminar film

Condensation.

UNIT III Theories of thermal radiation; Absorption, Reflection and transmission, Monochromatic and

total emissive power; Black body concept; Planck’s distribution law; Stefan Boltzman law;

Wien’s displacement law; Lambert’s cosine law; Kirchoff’s law; Shape factor; Heat transfer

between black surfaces.

UNIT IV Introduction; Classification of heat exchangers; Logarithmic mean temperature

Difference;Area calculation for parallel and counterflow heat exchangers; Effectiveness of

heat exchangers; N T U method of heat exchanger design; Applications of heat exchangers. Reference and Text books:

A Text book of Heat Transfer by S.P Sukhatme, university press

Heat transfer by Holman, TMG Heat and Mass transfer by D.S Kumar

38

LECTURE SCHEDULE OF HEAT TRANSFER

Sl.

No. TOPICS

No. of

Lectures Reference

1. INTRODUCTION

• Definition of heat, modes of heat transfer, basic laws of heat transfer.

• Electrical analogy of heat conduction, Conduction through composite walls, overall heat transfer coefficient.

4

2

2

T1,T2

2.

CONDUCTION

• The general conduction equation in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates.

• Steady one dimensional heat conduction without internal heat generation: the plane slab, the cylindrical shell, and the spherical shell, critical thickness of insulation.

• Variable thermal conductivity, Steady one-dimensional heat conduction with uniform internal heat generation: the plane slab, cylindrical and spherical systems.

• Fins of uniform cross section, Governing equation, temperature distribution and heat dissipation rate, Efficiency and effectiveness of fins.

11

2

3

3

3

T1,T2,R1

39

3. CONVECTION

• Free and forced convection, Newton’s Law of Cooling, Convective heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, Dimensional analysis of free and forced convection, analytical solution to forced convection problems.

• The concept of boundary layer, Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer, momentum and energy equations for boundary layer.

• Exact solution for laminar flow over an isothermal plate using similarity transformation. The integral approach, internal momentum and energy equation.

• Solution of forced convection over a flat plate using the integral method, analysis of free convection, governing equation for velocity and temperature fields, relation between fluid friction and heat transfer, Reynolds analogy.

• Dimensionless numbers Reynolds, Prandtl, Nusselt, Grashoff’s and Stanton numbers and their significance, Heat transfer with change of phase, Nusselt theory of laminar film condensation.

15

4

4

2

3

2

T1,T2,R2

4. RADIATION

• Theories of thermal radiation, absorption, reflection and transmission, Monochromatic and total emissive power

• Black body concept, Planck’s distribution law, and Stefan -Boltzman law.

• Wien’s displacement law, Lambert’s cosine law, Kirchoff’s law, Shape factor, Heat transfer between black surfaces.

4

1

1

2

T1,T2,R1

40

5. HEAT EXCHANGERS

• Introduction: classification of heat exchangers

• Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference, area calculation for parallel and counter flow heat exchangers.

• Effectiveness of heat exchangers, NTU Method of heat exchangers design, applications of heat exchangers.

5

1

2

2

T1,T2

ASSIGNMENT-1

Q1. (a) What is Fourier’s law? Discuss heat conduction through a composite wall.

(b) Explain forced convection heat transfer under turbulent flow condition. (BT-4/M09)

Q2. (a) Drive a relationship for heat conduction through a sphere.

(b) Mention the variables with dimensional formula which affects heat flow by

convection. (BT-4/M09).

Q3) Derive the general heat conduction equation in rectangular Cartesian co-ordinates.

Simplify the equation for a solid medium which is isotropic. (BT-5/D07)

Q4. Explain the concept of Critical Insulation thickness. Obtain the value of critical insulation

radius for a cylinder to be coated with insulation.

Q5. Derive the general heat conduction equation in cylindrical co-ordinate system. Deduce it

to a single co-ordinate system i.e. radial direction, steady state and no heat generation.

(BT-5/D07)

Q6. Derive the expression for the effectiveness and efficiency of the fin. What is the relation

between effectiveness and efficiency of a insulated fin. (BT-5/DX)

41

ASSIGNMENT-2

Q1. one end of a long rod 35 mm in diameter is inserted into a furnace with the other end

projecting in the outside air. After the steady state is reached the temperature of the rod is

measured at two points 180 mm apart and found to be 1800

C and 1450C. the atmospheric air

temperature is 250C. if the heat transfer co-efficient is 65 W/m

20C, calculate the thermal

conductivity of the rod. Assume that end of the fin is insulated. (BT-5/DX)

Q2. Derive the general heat conduction equation in spherical coordinate system. Deduce this

equation in one – dimensional radiator, steady state & no heat generation is given by

(t-t1) / (t2-t1) = (1/ r- 1/r1) / (1/r2 – 1/ r1 ) (BT-5/D08)

Where t is the temp. at radius r. t1, t2 and r1 , r2 are the temp. and radii at inner and outer

surfaces.

Q3. The rate of heat generation in a slab of thickness 160 mm (K= 180 W/m0C) is 1.2*10

6

W/m3. If the temp. of surfaces of each side is 120

0C, determine the following:

(i) Temp. at mid and quarter planes.

(ii) the heat flow rate and temp. gradients at the mid and quarter planes. (BT-5/D08)

Q4. (a) What do you mean by Fins or Spines? Write down some common applications of fine

surfaces.

(b) Explain the Newtonian heating or cooling process in unsteady state heat conduction. (B4//MRX)

Q5. A wire of 6.5 mm diameter at a temperature of 600C is to be insulated by a material

having K= .174 W/m0K, convective heat transfer co-efficient h0=8.722 W/m

2 0K. The

ambient temp. is 200 C. for maximum heat loss, what is the minimum thickness of insulation

42

and heat loss per meter length? Also find the percentage increase in the heat dissipation too.

(BT-7/J03)

Q6. Show that the solution for the temperature distribution along a finite fin with no heat loss

from the end can be expressed as:

(T-Te) / (T0-Te) = [cosh m(L-x)] / [cosh mL]

Where T0 is the temp. at the base of fin and Te is the temp. of the surrounding fluid.

(TB7/599)

ASSIGNMENT-3

Q1. With the help of dimensional analysis drive an expression for the heat transfer co-

efficient by forced convection over flat plate. (TB7/599)

Q2. Air at 100 C and at a pressure 100 kpa is flowing over a plate at a velocity of 3 m/s. if the

plate is 30 cm wide and at 600C calculate the following quantities at x= 30 cm.

(i) Boundary layer thickness.

(ii) Local friction coefficient.

(iii) Local convection heat transfer co-efficient.

ρ=1.373 kg/m3, µ = 19*10

-6 kg/m-s, Cp= 1.6 kj/kg-k, Pr= 0.7 (TB7/599)

Q3. (a) Explain dimensional analysis for forced convection. Explain the advantages and

limitations of dimensional analysis.

(b) A spherical heater of 20 cm diameter and at 600 C is immersed in a tank of water at 20

0 C.

Determine the value of convective heat transfer coefficient. (BT-5/D06)

Q4. Calculate the average shear stress and the overall drag coefficient for a flat surface past

which air at 250 C blows with 1.5 m/s velocity. The flat surface has a sharp leading edge and

its total length equals 0.5 m. compare the average shear with shear stress at the trailing edge.

At what point on the surface average shear stress becomes equal to shear stress? For air at 250

C, kinematic viscosity = 15.53*10-6

m2/s., density = 1.183 kg/m

3. (BT-5/D07)

Q5. Explain the concept of Reynolds Analogy.

43

Q6. Derive the relationship between Nusslet Number, Prandtl Number and Grashoff Number

for natural convection from a Vertical Plate. (BT-5/D/06)

ASSIGNMENT-4

Q1. Define the following terms:

(i) Nusselt number

(ii) Reynold’s number

(iii) Prandtl number

Using Buckingham’s pi theorem obtain a relation between these three terms for forced

convection heat transfer from a horizontal flat plate. (BT-5/D07)

Q2. for free convection prove the following relation

Nu = CPrm

CTn

Where C, m, n are constants.

Q3. Air at 200 C is flowing over a flat plate which is 200 mm wide and 500 mm long. The

plate is maintained at 1000 C. find the heat loss per hour from the plate if the air is flowing

parallel to 500 mm side with 2 m/s velocity. What will be the effect on heat transfer if the

flow is parallel to 200 mm side ?

The properties of air at (100+20)/2 = 600C are:

γ = 18.97 * 10-6

m2/s, k= 0.025 W/m

0C and Pr=0.7 (BT-5/DX)

44

Q4. Explain Newtonian heating or cooling process in unsteady state heat conduction.

(BT-4/MRX)

Q5. Derive the momentum equation for hydrodynamic boundary layer over a flat plate.

(BT-5/D08)

ASSIGNMENT-5

Q1. (a) Define and prove the Stefan- Boltzman law of radiation.

(b) Prove that the total emissive power of a diffused surface is equal to Π-times the intensity

of radiation.

E= Π. I (BT7/J03)

Q2. Explain different theories of thermal radiation. (BT7/J05)

Q3. Explain the concept of Shape factor used in calculating heat exchange by radiations. (BT-

5/D06)

Q4. Define the term total emissive power and intensity of radiation. Derive a relation between

them, clearly stating the assumption made. (BT-5/D05)

Q5. Define the terms:

(i) Black body radiation

(ii) Radiation shape factor

(iii) Monochromatic absorptivity (BT-5/D07)

45

ASSIGNMENT-6

Q1. A circular horizontal disk is vertically above a point source of relation at a distance ‘L’

from the plate. Obtain an expression for the shape factor for radiation from the point source,

intercepted by the disk. (BT-5/D06)

Q2. Explain: (i) Kirchhoff law of radiation

(ii) Lambert’s Cosine law (BT-5/D08)

Q3. Calculate the following for an industrial furnace in the form a black body and emitting

radiation at 25000 C.

(i) Monochromatic emissive power at 1.2 µm length.

(ii) Wavelength at which the emission is maximum.

(iii) Maximum emissive power

(iv) Total emissive power

46

(v) Total emissive power of the furnace if it is assumed as a real surface of emissivity equals

to 0.9 (BT-5/D08)

Q4. Assuming the sun to radiate as a black body, calculate its temperature from the data given

below:

Average radiation energy flux incident upon the earth’s atmosphere (solar constant) = 1380

W/m2. Radius of the sun is 7*10

8 m. distance between the sun and earth = 15*10

10 m.

(BT-5/D08)

Q5. Assume the sum to a black body emitting radiation with maximum intensity at γ = 0.49

µm. Calculate the following:

(i) Surface temperature of the earth.

(ii) Heat flux at the surface of fin. (BT-5/D09)

ASSIGNMENT-7

Q1. (a) Derive the expression for the LMTD of a counter flow heat exchanger. (BT-5/D09)

Q2. Oil (Cp = 3.6 KJ/kg 0C) at 100

0C flows at the rate of 30000 kg.h and enters into a

parallel flow heat exchanger. Cooling water (Cp = 4.2 KJ/kg 0C) enters the heat exchanger at

100 C at the rate of 50000 kg/h. the heat transfer area is 10 m

2 and U = 1000 W/m

2 0C.

Calculate the following:

(i) The outlet temperature of oil and water.

(ii) The maximum possible outlet temperature of water. (BT-5/D09)

Q3.The flow rate of hot and cold water streams running through a parallel flow heat

exchanger at 0.2 kg/sec. and 0.5 kg/sec. resp. the inlet temperature of hot and cold side are

750C and 20

0C resp. The exit temperature of hot water is 45

0C. If the individual heat transfer

coefficients on both the sides are 650 W/m2 0C, calculate the area of the heat exchanger.

47

(BT-5/D07)

Q4. Prove that the effectiveness of a counter flow heat exchanger is given by

ε = [1-e-NTU (1-R)

] / [1-Re-NTU (1-R)

] (BT-5/D08)

Q5. Write short note on NTU method for heat exchanger. (TB7/599)

ASSIGNMENT-8

Q1. How the heat exchangers are classified? Derive an expression for the LMTD for a

parallel flow heat exchanger.

(b) An oil cooler for a lubrication system has to cool 1000 kg/hr of oil (Cp = 2.09 KJ/kg 0C)

from 800C to 40

0C by cooling water flow of 1000 kg/hr at 30

0C. Give your choice for a

parallel flow or counter flow heat exchanger, with reasons. Calculate the surface area of the

heat exchanger. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 23 W/m2 0C. Take Cp of water =

4.18n kj/kg0C. (BT-5D06)

Q2. Exhaust gases (Cp = 1.12 KJ/kg 0C) flowing through a tubular heat exchanger at the rate

of 1200 kg/hr are cooled from 4000C to 120

0C. The cooling is affected by water (Cp= 4.18

KJ/kg 0C) that enters the system at 10

0C at the rate of 1500 kg/hr. if the overall heat transfer

48

coefficient is 500 kj/m2-hr-deg.,what heat exchanger area is required to handle the load for

counter flow arrangement? (BT-5/D07)

Q3. Hot gases having (Cp = 2500 J/kg 0C), T=600

0C flow through a parallel flow heat

exchanger at the rate of 30 kg/s. the gases are cooled by a cold stream of coolant which enters

at 1000C @ 30 kg/s, with a specific heat of (Cp = 4200 J/kg

0C). the total heat transfer area is

50 m2 and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 1500 W/m

2C. calculate the exit temperatures

of both the hot and cold streams.

(BT-5/D06)

Q4. Writ shotr notes on :

(i) Heat exchanger effectiveness

(ii) Application of heat exchanger. (BT-5/D07)

Q5. In a counter flow double pipe heat exchanger water is heated from 250C to 65

0C by an oil

with a specific heat of 1.45 KJ/kg 0K and mass flow rate of 1.9 kg/sec. The oil is cooled from

2300C to 160

0C. (BT7 / J03)


INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING






UNIT I Introduction to work study; Method study; Basic procedure; Recording techniques (charts

and diagrams); Elemental breakdown; Micro-motion studies; Therbligs; SIMO-chart;

49

Principles of motion –economy.

Introduction; Objectives; technique; (time) information recording; methods of timings; Time

study allowances; Work sampling technique; Performance rating and its determination

PMTS; M. T. M.; Work factor.

UNIT II Principles of organization, Importance and characteristics of organization, Organization

theories; Classical Organization theory; Neo-Classical organization theory, Modern

organization theory; Types of organization, Military or line organization, Functional

organization, Line and staff organization, Committees.

Objectives of PPC; Functions of PPC; Preplanning and planning; Routing; Estimating;

scheduling-master schedule; Daily schedule; Gantt chart; Dispatching –centralized vs.

decentralized; Control; Follow up and progress reporting.

Introduction; Product development; Product characteristics; Role of product development;

3Ss – Standardization; Simplification and Specialization.

UNIT III Introduction, Objectives and importance of sales forecasting, Types of forecasting, Methods

of sales forecasting-Collective opinion method, Delphi technique, economic indicator

method; Regression analysis, Moving average method, Time series analysis.

Introduction, Functions of inventory; Types of inventory; Control importance and functions,

Inventory costs, Factors affecting inventory control, Various inventory control models. A. B.

C. analysis, Lead-time calculations.

UNIT IV Introduction; Objectives; Concept and life cycle of a product and V.E.; Steps in VE.,

Methodology and techniques, Fast diagram, Matrix method.

Various concepts in industrial engineering

a) WAGES AND INCENTIVES; -Concept; Types; Plans; Desirable characteristics.

b) ERGONOMICS; - its importance; Man-machine work place system; Human factors

considerations in system design.

c) SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT; - its definition, Concept, Objectives,

Applications, benefits, Some successful cases in Indian Industries.

d) JIT; - Its definition, Concept, Importance, Misconception, Relevance, Applications,

Elements of JIT (brief description).

e) MRP;-Introduction, Objectives, factors, Guide lines, Techniques Elements of MRP

system, Mechanics of MRP, MRP-II

f) TIME MANAGEMENT;-Introduction, Steps of time management, Ways for

saving time, Key for time saves. Reference and Text books:

Production planning and control by S.Elion

Modren production Management by S.S Buffa

Lecture schedule for industrial engineering

Sr. NO. Topics Covered No.of

lectures

required

References

1 METHOD STUDY:

50

1.1 Introduction to work study, 1 R2

1.2 Method study, Basic procedure, Recording

techniques (charts and diagrams),

2 R2

1.3 Elemental breakdown, Micro- motion studies.

Therbligs, SIMO-chart,.Principles of motion-

economy.

2(Total=5) T1,R2,R1

2 WORK MEASUREMENT:

2.1 Introduction, Objectives,technique, 1 T1,R2,R1,R3

2.2 Time information recording, methods of timings,

Time study allowances,

2 T1,R2,R1,R3

2.3 Work sampling technique, Performance rating

and its determination PMTS,M.T.M; work factor.

2(Total=5)

3 FACTORY ORGANISATION: T1,R2,R1,R4

3.1 Principles of organization, Importance and

characteristics of Organization

1 T1,R2,R1,R4

3.2 Organization theories-Classical Organization

theory, Neo-Classical organization theory,

modern organization theory.

2 T1,R2,R1,R4

3.3 Types of organization-military or line

organization.

1 T1,R2,R1,R4

3.4 Functional ,line &staff organization, Committees. (Total=4) T1,R2,R1,R4

4 (A) PRODUCTION PLANNING AND

CONTROL:

T1,R2,R1,R4

4.1 Objectives of PPC, Functions of PPC. 1 T1,R2,R1,R4

Preplanning and planning, routing; estimating.

4.2 Scheduling-master schedule, daily schedule,

Gantt chart.

1 T1,R2,R1,R4

4.3 Despatching-centralised vs. decentralized 1 T1,R2,R1,R4

4.4 Control follow-up and progress reporting Total=3 T1,R2,R1,R4

(B) Product Design&development: T1,R2,R1,R4

4.5 Introduction, product development. 1 T1,R2,R1,R4

51

4.6 Product characteristics, roleof product

development

1

4.7 3S’s – standardization, simplification and

specialization

1(Total=3) T1,R2,R1,R4

5 SALES FORECASTING

T1,R2,R1,R4

5.1 Introduction, objective and importance of sales

forecasting

T1,R2,R1,R4

5.2 Types of forecasting, method of sales

forecasting, collective opinion method, Delphi

technique, economic indicator method, regression

analysis, moving average method, time series

analysis

3(Total=3)

6 INVENTORY CONTROL

T1,R2,R1,R4

6.1 Introduction, functions of inventory, types of

inventory

1 T1,R2,R1,R4

Inventory control – importance and functions

6.2 Inventory costs, factors affecting inventory

control

1 T1,R2,R1,R4

6.3 Various inventory control models, ABC analysis,

lead time calculation

1(total=3) T1,R2,R1,R4

7 VALUE ENGINEERING

7.1 Introduction, objectives, concept and life-cycle of

product and V.E,

1 T1,R2,R1,R4

7.2 Steps in value engineering, methodology and

techniques, fast diagram, matrix method

1(Total=2) T1,R2,R1,R4

8 VARIOUS CONCEPTS IN INDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING

T1,R2,R1,R4

(A) Wages and incentives- concept, types, plans,

desirable characteristics

2 T1,R2,R1,R4

(B) Ergonomics – its importance, man machine

work place system, human factor considerations

in system design.

2 T1,R2,R1,R4

(C) Supply Chain Management – its definition,

concept objectives, application, benefits, some

2 T1,R2,R1,R4

52

successful cases in Indian industries,

(D) JIT – its definition, concept, importance,

misconception, relevance, applications, elements

of JIT (brief description)

2 T1,R2,R1,R4

(E) MRP – introduction, objectives, factors,

guidelines, techniques, elements of MRP systems,

mechanics of MRP, MRP-II,

2 T1,R2,R1,R4

(F) Time management – introductions, steps of

time management, ways of saving time, key for

time saves

2(Total=12) T1,R2,R1,R4

Textbook (T)

1 Operation Management Monks Pub: McGrahill

References(R)

1 Industrial Engineering& Management Banga&Sharma Pub: Khanna

2 Industrial Engineering &Managment S K Sharma Pub: Dhanpat Rai

3 Industrial Engineering &Management O P Khanna Pub: Kataria&sons

4 Industrial Engineering B Kumar Pub: Khanna

53

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1

Q1. (a) What is the method study? Discuss its objectives and techniques.

(b) Discuss the procedure of calculating standard time of a job. BT-5/DX

Q2. (a) Explain SIMO chart.

(b) What is performance rating? How is it can be determined? BT-5/D09

Q3. (a) Describe the systematic procedure of work study .explaining all steps.

(b) Differentiate between method study and work measurement. BT-5/D07

Q4. (a) Describes the working of work sampling technique with examples.

(b) What are the objectives of time study? What are allowances? BT-5/D08

Q.5 (a) defines micro motion study. What is its significance?

(b) Describe various allowances in time study. BT -5 D07

Q.6 Defines industrial engineering. Trace out the contribution of Taylor, and gillbreth and

three other Pointer of the field of industrial engineering and management. TB-6/599

54

ASSIGNMENT NO. 2

Q1. (a) Describe the working of work sampling technique with example

(b) Discuss principles of motion economy. BT-5/DX

Q2. (a) explain the basic procedure of method study.

(b) What are the objectives of time study? What are allowances? BT-5/D09

Q3. (a) Discuss the following:

(i) Time study allowances

(ii) PMTS

(iii) MTM BT -5/D07

Q4. (a) Write brief notes on the following:

(i) Two handed process charts

(ii) String diagram

(iii) Flow diagram. BT -5/D08

Q5. (a) Write briefly on the following:

(i) Line and staff organization.

(ii) Principles of motion economy. BT-5/D07

Q6. Scribe the important of control functions in PPC gives their importance in production

system. Also describe various types of production. TB6/599

55

ASSIGNMENT NO. 3

Q1. Explains the various organization theories. BT-5/D09

Q2. Explain various types of organization .state their merits, determine and areas of

application.

BT-5/DX

Q3. Describes centralized and decentralized system for organizations.

(b) Explain briefly the significance of standard direction. BT-5/D07

Q4. What do you understand by the term organization structure? Compare between line and

functional type of organizations.

(b) Compare and discuss the functioning of centralized and decentralized dispatching in a tool

manufacturing plant. BT-5/D07

Q5. What are the objectives of an organization? Discuss the important and principles of

organization.

(b) Compare line and staff organization .discuss their suitability.

BT-5/D08

Q6. (a) What are the various elements of production and design? Explain

(b) How will you allocate overhead expenses by different methods? Describe the function of

inventory control. TB6/599

56

ASSIGNMENT NO. 4

Q1.(a) Explain the functions of production planning and control.

(b) Describe the various product characteristics. BT-5/D09

Q2. (a) Discuss briefly the functions of production planning and control. Differentiate

between loading and scheduling.

(b) Compare and discuss the functioning of centralized and decentralized dispatching in a toy

manufacturing plant. BT-5/D06

Q3. In an organization, 1200 gears are used every month to make an engine assembly. The

carrying cost is 8% and ordering cost is Rs. 500. If each gear cost Rs 500, then calculate

EOQ, order interval and number of orders. BT-5/D07

Q4.An item is produced at the rate of 50 items per day. The demand occurs at the rate of 25

items per day. If set up cost is Rs. 100 per set up and holding cost is rate 0.01 per unit item

per day. Find the economic lot size for one run, assuming that shortage is not permitted. Find

cycle time and minimum total cost per run. Derive the formula used.

Q5. (a) Briefly describe the role of scheduling in production planning and how does master

schedule help an organization?

(b) Compare standardization and simplification. BT-5/DX

57

ASSIGNMENT NO. 5

Q1. (a) Describe collective opinion method of sales forecasting.

(b) The quarterly sales of 3 years is given below. Calculate quarterly sales for the 4th

year by

time series analysis method.

year quarter Sales in (1000)

1

1

2

3

4

25

40

47

34

2

1

2

3

4

31

45

55

39

3

1

2

3

4

42

52

60

49

BT-5/D09

Q2. What is the importance of sales forecasting? Explain the following:

(i) Method of least squares

(ii) Moving average method

(b) A firm producing paints, plans to use simple exponential smoothing to forecast weekly

demand and has collected data for 15 weeks as shown below:

Week no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Actual demand 30 35 20 15 10 10 15

Week no. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Actual demand 20 30 35 30 10 12 20 30

BT-5/D06

Q3. Compute the 3σ limits for a chart for number of defectives which the analyst wants to

maintain at the last station of this assembly line. TB-6/599

Q4. For the data given below, calculate the sales forecast for the year 2007, using time- series

method:

Year 2004 2005 2006

Quarter 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

58

Sales in million 9.2 10.4 15.6 5.6 10 12.4 16 8.3 14 15.7 20.7 8.3

ASSIGNMENT NO. 6

Q1. (a) What are the objective of inventory control? What type of cost has to be considered

in controlling inventory?

(b) What is economic lot size? Develop the relation for economic lot size when there is a

shortage and zero lead time. BT-5/D06

Q2. (a) Describe the relevant cost factors affecting inventory control.

(b) A dealer gets a product at Rs. 80 per unit. The holding cost is 9% per annum of the

amount invested. The dealer has to supply 9600 unit per year, the ordering cost is Rs 40.

Determine how much should be ordered in a lot and after what time intervals. BT-5/D09

Q3.write brief notes on the following:

(a) Different wages plans.

(b) JIT and its significance. BT-5/D07

Q4. Discuss the importance of sales forecasting. What is the importance of moving average

method? TB-6/599

Q5. Explain ABC analysis used in inventory control.

The following data is available for a company where inventory model with planned shortage

are valid.

Annual requirement = 2000 unit per year

Cost of the unit= Rs. 50

Ordering/ procurement cost= Rs.25 per order.

Inventory carrying cost= Rs. 10 per order

Back order cost= Rs 30 unit per year.

Calculate

(i) Minimum cost order quantity

(ii) Maximum number of back order units

(iii) Maximum inventory level

(iv) Time between orders

59

ASSIGNMENT NO. 7

Q1. (a) What is value engineering? Discuss the step in value engineering

(b) Discuss desirable characteristic of an ideal wages and incentive plan. BT-5/D09

Q2. (a) “Value engineering is a powerful cost reduction tool” justify.

(b)Define standardization specialization, simplification and diversification. Discuss the

factors which affect simplification and diversification. BT-5/D06

Q3. (a)Describe the concept of MRP and MRP-II.

(b) Describe ABC analysis for inventory management. BT-5/D07

Q4. (a) “Value analysis is a remedial process while value engineering is a preventive process”

discuss.

(b)Discuss the various concepts in industrial engineering.

60

ASSIGNMENT NO. 8

Q1. (a)What is supply chain management? Discuss the objectives, benefits and area of

applications of supply chain management.

(b) Describe the steps in time management. BT-5/D09

Q2. Write short notes on any THREE of the following:

(i) Wages and incentives

(ii) Supply chain management

(iii) JIT

(iv) MRP BT-5/D06

Q3. Write short notes on any four of the following:

(i) Wages and incentives


(iii) Material requirement planning

(iv) Ergonomics

(v) Steps of time management BT-5/D09

Q4. Write short notes on any THREE of the following:

(i) Economic indicators


(iii) Operation process charts

(iv) Routing.

(v) Importance of value engineering BT-5/D07

61

B. Tech. (Fifth semester) Mechanical engineering ME 309 E Machine Design- 1

L T P/D Total Theory: 100 Marks

2 - 5 7 Sessional: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours NOTE: In the semester examination, the paper setter will set 8 questions in all, at least


selecting at least one from each unit. UNIT I

Properties: Chemical, Physical, Mechanical and Dimensional; Ferrous metals, Non-ferrous

metals, Plastics, Composite materials etc.; Selection of Engineering Materials.

Design methodology; Design criterion based on fracture; Deformation and elastic stability

design stresses; Factor of safety; Significant stress and significant strength; Stresses-

concentration; Causes and mitigation; Endurance limit; Effect of concentration; Notch

sensitivity; Size and surface finish; Goodman diagram; Gerber’s parabola and Soderberg line.

UNIT II Supports and retainment of rotating assemblies; manufacturing considerations of design,

design of castings and weldments.

Riveted joints for boiler shell according to I. B. R.; riveted structural joint; and riveted joint

with eccentric loading; Types of welded joints; strength of welds under axial load; Welds

under eccentric loading; Designation of various types of bolts and nuts, Design of bolted

joints, Bolts of uniform strength, Bolted joints with eccentric loads, Design of Keys, Cotter

joint and knuckle joints.

UNIT III Design of shafts subjected to pure torsion; Pure bending load; Combined bending and torsion;

Combined torsion; Bending and axial loads.

Introduction, hand and foot levers, cranked lever, lever for a lever safety valve, Bell crank

lever. Miscellaneous levers.

UNIT IV Types of shaft couplings, Design of sleeve or muff coupling; Flange coupling and bush type

flexible couplings.

Introduction, Design of circular, oval shaped and square flanged pipe joints.

Function, types of power screws, stresses in screws, design calculations.

References and text books: Design of machine element By Bhandari Machine design by Malvee and Hartmann, CBS

publication Machine design by Sharma and Aggarwal PSG Design Data Book by PSG College of Engg PSG Publication

Machine Design an integrated Approch Robert l Norton, prentice hall Fundamental of machine component design R.C Juvinnal, Johan wiley& sons

62

63

Lecture Schedule for Machine Design-I

Unit

Topic

Lecture Schedule Lecture

Periods)

Reference

I

Engineering

Materials

1.Physical Properties of materials

2.Ferrous metals: Physical and Chemical Properties

3.Non ferrous &Plastics: Composition &properties

1

1

(2)

T1

R1

II

Concepts of

Design

&

Endurance

Strength

1.Design methodology: Design criteria based on

fracture, Deformation, and elastic stability; design

stress, Factor of Safety ;Significant stress and strength

2.Stress concentration; Causes and mitigation

Endurance Limit, effect of stress concentration,

Notch sensitivity, size and surface finish.

3.Goodman diagram; Gerber parabola, Sodeberg line

1

1

1

(3)

T2,R5

T1

T1

III,

Manufacturing

&

Assembly

Considerations

1.Manufacturing considerations in design.

2.Supports and retainment of rotating assemblies

Design of castings and weldments

1

-

T1

T2

IV,

Design of joints

1.Rivetted joints: according to I.B.R

2.Rivetted structural and eccentric loading joints

3.types of welded joints, strength under axial load,

Welds under eccentric loading

4.designation of various types of bolts and nuts,

Design of bolted joints

5.Bolts of uniform strength, joints with eccentric

1

1

1

1

1

1

T2/R3

T2/R3

T1/R3

T2

T2

T2/R3

64

loading

6.Design of cotter and keys

7.Knuckle joint

1

(7)

T2/R3

V,

Shafts

and

Keys

1.Design of shafts subjected to pure Torsion

2.Shaft subjected to pure bending, bending and

torsion

3.shaft subjected to combined bending, torsion and

Axial load

1

2

-

(3)

T1/R3

T2/R3

T2

VI

Levers

1.Introduction, hand and foot levers, cranked levers

2.levers for safety valve, bell crank lever

1

1

(2)

T2/R3

VII

Couplings

1. Types of shaft coupling, Sleeve & muff couplings

2. Flange & Bush type coupling

1

1

(2)

T1/R3

VIII

Pipe Joints

1.Introduction, Design of circular flanged joints

2.Design of oval shaped flanges

1

1

(2)

T2/R3

IX

Power Screws

1.Functions, Types of Power screws; Stresses in Screws

2.Design calculations

1

1

(2)

T1

65

TEXT BOOKS AUTHOR

T1 Design of Machine Elements Bhandari

T2 Machine Design Sharma and Aggarwal

Reference

R1 PSG Design Data Book PSG Publications, Coimbatore

R2 Machine Design Robert L Norton

R3 Machine Design R.S.Khurmi

R4 Machine Design R.C.Juvinall

R5 Machine Design Maleev & Hartman

66

MACHINE DESIGN (ME-309 E)

ASSIGNMENT – 1

1. (a) What is the meant by endurance strength of a material? How do the size and surface

condition of a component and type of load affect such strength? (BT-5/D06)

(b) Write Soderberg’s equation and state its application to different type of loading.

2. (a) Discuss the effect of silicon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus on cast iron.

(b) Select suitable material for the following parts stating the special property which

makes it most suitable for use in manufacturing. (BT-5/D07)

3. Bush bearing dies cams, helical spring, turbine blade, ball bearing.

(a) Draw stress strain diagram for ductile material and define proportional limit, elastic

limit and ultimate tensile strength.

(b) What is the effect of strain rate on tensile strength of steel? (BT-5/D08)

4. (a) What is the Aluminum Alloys? Discuss the composition and uses of various

Aluminum Alloys.

(b) Explain in detail the factors to be considered for the selection of materials of design of

machine elements. (BT-5/D09)

5. (a) Define Mechanical property of an engineering material. Explain six mechanical

properties giving one example of the material possessing the properties.

(b)Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of plastic material over metallic

materials. (BT-5/D10)

6. Design the longitudinal and circumferential joints of a boiler whose inner diameter is 1.8

m and the pressure of steam is 20 bar (2.1 N/mm2). The tensile strength of the plate

material is 400 N/mm2. (BT-5/D11)

67

ASSIGNMENT – 2

1. (a) Write brief notes with design aspects on hot Forging and extrusion.

(b) Discuss the general design process and identity its main phases on a block

diagram. (BT-5/D10)

2. (a) What is the importance of factor of safety and on what parameters does it depends.

Explain clearly.

(b) What do you mean by stress concentration? How is it accounted for the design of

machine element? (BT-5/D06)

3. (a) Write Soderberg’s equation and state its application to different types of loading.

(b) Write short note on the type of bearing metals. (BT-5/D05)

4. Design and make dimensioned sketches for a triple riveted butt joint suitable for a 3 m

diameter steam generator having working pressure of 1.4 MPa gauge. the joint is to be

for the longitudinal seams of the generator and the permissible stresses in tension and

shear are 83 and 74 MPa respectively. The efficiency of the joint should not be less

than 85%.

A knuckle joint connects two parts of a rod subjected to an axial load of 120 KN

meter. Determine all the salient dimensions of the joint if the safe working stresses

are:

Tension = 55 MN/m2

Compression = 80 MN/m2,

and

Shear = 40 MN/m2

(BT-5/D11)

5. Design the longitudinal joint for a boiler whose diameter is 2.4 meters and is

subjected to a pressure of a 1 N/mm2.the longitudinal joint is a triple riveted butt joint

with an efficiency of about 85%. The pitch is the outer rows of the rivets are to be

double than in the inner rows and the width of the cover plates are unequal. The

allowable stresses are:

i. σ = 77 MPA; τ = 56 MPA; σ = 120MPA.

ii. Assume that the resistance of rivets in double shear is 1.875 times that

of single shear. Draw the complete. (BT-5/D09)

6. Design an oval flanged pipe joint for pipes of internal diameter 180 cm subjected to a

fluid pressure of 9 N/mm2. The maximum tensile stress is not to exceed 70 N/mm

2.

The material of the pipe is cast iron. The test pressure for the pipe joint is 25 N/mm2.

(BT-5/D07)

68

ASSIGNMENT – 3

1. (a)What precautions should be observed while designing a weldment?

(b)Design a knuckle joint for a tie rod of a circular to sustain a maximum pull of 75

KN The ultimate strength of the material of the rod against tearing is 410 MPa. The

ultimate tensile and shearing strength of the pin material are 510 MPa and 390 MPa

respectively. Determine the tie rod section and pin section. Take factor of safety =6.

(BT-5/D07)

2. A vertical column carries a bracket to it. Two vertical rows of rivets each

containing three rivets are provided. The centre distance between the vertical rows of

the rivets is 48 mm and the centre distance between the horizontal rows (two rivets in

each horizontal row) is 65 mm. the bracket carries a vertical load of 500 KN at a

distance of 150 mm from the centerline of vertical rows. Calculate the diameter of

rivet, if permissible shearing stress is 140 MPa. (BT-5/D07)

3. (a)Explain the basic principles of support and retainment of rotating machine parts.

(b)What are the Housing Design Considerations? Explain. (BT-5/D09)

4. Draw two neat views of the joint to scale. (BT-5/D10)

5. Design a cottered joint to safely resist a load of 70 kN which acts along the axis of the

rods connected by the cotter. The material of the cotter and rods will permit the

following safe stresses:

a. ƒt = 55 N/mm2 , ƒc = 85 N/mm

2 , ƒs = 43 N/mm

2 . (BT-5/D08)

6. Design a cotter joint to connect two mild steel rods a pull of 30 kN The maximum

permissible stresses are 55 MPa in tension: 40 MPa in shear and 70 MPa in crushing

.Draw a neat sketch of joint. (BT-5/D11)

69

ASSIGNMENT – 4

1. A knuckle joint is required to carry an axial load of 30 KN Design the joint and show

the dimensions on sketch. Assume following values of permissible stresses, 80 MPa

intension, 60 MPa in shear and 150 MPa in crushing. (BT-5/D06)

2. A double riveted butt joint, in which the pitch of the rivets in the outer rows is twice

that in the inner rows, connects two 16 mm thick plates with two cover plates each 12

mm thick. The diameter of rivets is 22 mm .Determine the pitches of the rivets in the

two rows if the working stresses are not to exceed the following limits:

Tensile stress in plates = 100 MPa;

Shear stress in rivets = 75 MPa; and

Bearing stress in rivets and plates = 150 MPa. (BT-5/D09)

3. (a) 125 *95*10 mm angle is welded to a frame by two 10 mm filled welds . A load of

20 KN is applied normal to the gravity axis at a distance of 300 mm from the C.G of

welds .Find maximum shear stress in the welds, assuming each weld to be 100 mm

long and parallel to the axis of the angle.

(b)Design the bolts required for a steam engine cylinder head. The diameter of the

cylinder is 400 mm and the pressure is 0.16 N/mm2. Assume permissible stresses as

follows.

ƒt = 35 MPa, ƒs = 25 MPa, ƒe = 45 MPa. (BT-5/D11)

4. A steel shaft 800 mm long transmitting 15 Kw at 400 r.p.m. supported at two bearings

at the two ends. A gear wheel having teeth and 500 mm pitch circle diameter is

mounted at 200 mm foe the left hand side bearing and receives power from a pinion

mesh with it. The axis of pinion and gear lie in the horizontal plane .pulley of 300 mm

diameter is mounted at 200 mm from right side bearing and is used for transmitting

power by a belt. The drive is inclined at 30° to the vertical in the forward direction.

Belt lap angle is 180° degrees. The coefficient of friction between and pulley is 0.3.

Design and sketch the arrangement of the assuming the values of safe stresses as

ƒs= 55 N/mm2

,

ƒt = 80 N/mm2.

Take torsion and bending factor 1.5 and 1.2 respectively. (BT-5/D10)

5. A solid shaft transmitting 15 Kw at 300 r.p.m. is supported on two bearings 750 mm

apart. The shaft carries two 200 gears keyed to it. One of the gears having 32 teeth of 4

mm module is located 100 mm to the left of the right hand bearing. This gear rotates

anticlockwise and delivers power horizontally to the right when viewed from the left

hand bearing. The another gear having 80 teeth of 3 mm module is located 150 mm to

the right of the left hand bearing and receives power in a vertical direction from

below. The combined shock and fatigue factors for the torsion and bending may be

taken as 1.2 and 1.5 respectively. Design the shaft from strength consideration. (BT-

5/D08)

6. A steel shaft 800 mm long transmitting 15 kW at 400 r.p.m. is supported at two

bearing at the two ends. A gear wheel having 80 teeth and 500 mm pitch circle

70

diameter is mounted at 200 mm from the left hand side bearing and receives power

from a pinion meshing with it. The axis of pinion and gear lie in the horizontal plane.

A pulley of 300 mm diameter is mounted at 200 mm from right hand side bearing and

is used for transmitting power by a belt. The belt drive is inclined at 30° to the vertical

in forward direction. The belt lap angle is 180° degrees. The coefficient of friction

between belt and shaft assuming the values of safe stress as:

τ = 55 MPa; σt = 80 MPa

Take torsion and bending factor 1.5 and 2 respectively. (BT-5/D07)

71

ASSIGNMENT – 5

1. A lever loaded safety value has diameter of 75 mm and the blow off pressure of the

boiler is 1.45 N/mm2. The weight on the lever is not to exceed 900 N. designs and

prepare the drawing of the lever, fulcrum and pivot of the lever. The material of the

lever and fulcrum is mild steel and the weights are of cast iron. Choose the suitable

stresses of the material. (BT-5/D05)

2. Design longitudinal joint for a boiler to have a steam pressure of 20 atmospheres. The

inner diameter of boiler shell may be 1600 mm. A triple riveted butt joint is

recommended with pitch in the outer row as two times the pitch in the inner rows. use

a factor of safety of 5 and ultimate strength in tension490 MPa , shear 375 MPa,

crusting 750 MPa. (BT-5/D08)

3. Design a bushed pin type of flexible coupling for connects motor and centrifugal

pump shafts. the details of the duty from the pump are:

a. Power to be transmitted = 20 kw

b. Speed in rev/min = 1200

The diameter of the pump and motor shafts are 55 and respectively. Take the bearing

pressure on the rubber 0-36 N/mm2 and the working shear stress in the material pins

as 20 N/mm2. (BT-5/D10)

4. The 8 cm diameter shafts are connected by means of a flange protective type. The

flanges are connected by four bolts of 16 diameters, arranged symmetrically along a

pitch circle of 24 cm meter. The shaft transmits 130 h.p at 250 r.p.m. design the with

the following permissible stresses:

Shear stress for shaft, bolt and key material = 500 kgf/cm

Crushing stress for bolt and key material = 1500 kgf/cm

Shear stress for cast iron = 80 kgf/cm (BT-5/D09)

5. Design a cast iron protective flange coupling to connect two shafts in order to transmit

7.5 kW at 720 r.p.m. the following permissible stresses may be used:

Permissible shear stress for shaft, bolt and key material = 33 MPa

Permissible crushing stress for bolt and key material = 60 MPa.

Permissible shear stress for cast iron = 15 MPa. (BT-5/D06)

6. (a) What are the causes of failure of shaft, explain?

(b) A machine shaft, supported on bearings having their centers 800 mm apart,

transmits 180 kW at 750 r.p.m. A gear of 200 mm diameter and 20° tooth profile is

located 250 mm to the right of left hand bearing and a 450 mm dia .pulley is mounted

at 200 mm to right of right hand bearing. The gear is driven by a pinion with a

downward tangential force while the horizontal belt having 180° angle of contact. The

pulley weighs 1000 N and tension ratio is 3. Find the diameter of shaft if allowable

shear stress of material is 65 MPa. (BT-5/D07)

72

ASSIGNMENT – 6

1. (a) Why are levers usually tapered? The taper is usually provided in which dimension

(b)Why is a boss generally needed at the fulcrum of the levers, explain.

i. View a neat sketch of the coupling and explain the mechanism of

power transmission from one shaft to another shaft.

ii. Select proper bolt material no of bolt and a suitable factor of

safety. (BT-5/D08)

2. A Lever safety valve is loaded with a dead weight of 200 N, acting at 1 meter from the

valve axis. The valve is subjected to a pressure of a 1mPa and its area is 2000

mm2.Assume the leaver to be rectangular section . Design the leaver, permissible

stresses are 60 MPa in tension, 80 MPa in compression and 40 MPa in shear. (BT-

5/D10)

3. A pipe of 300 mm internal diameter is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.25 MPa and

is joined by a circular flange joint. Calculate the pipe thickness by taking the permissible

tensile stress in the pipe to be 20 MPa. Also calculate the size of flanges and number and

size of bolts required. Take permissible bending stress in flanges to be 20MPa and foe

bolts in tension to be 25 MPa. (BT-5/D09)

4. Design a simple screw jack foe lifting a load of 10 KN and a maximum lift of 0.25 m.

the elastic limit of the screw may be taken as 240 N/mm2 in tension and compressor 150

N/mm2 in shear. (BT-5/D07)

5. The material for nut is to be phosphor for which the elastic strengths may be taken as

128 N/mm2 tension and 115 N/mm

2 in compression and 105 N/mm

2. The bearing

pressure between the thread of screw and 17.5 N/mm2. The coefficient of friction

between nut and is 0.13. (BT-5/D11)

6. An overhang hollow shaft carries a 900 mm diameter pulley, whose centre is 250 mm

from the centre of the nearest bearing. The weight of the pulley is 600 N and the angle of

lap is 180°. The pulley is driven by a motor vertically below it. If permissible tension of

the belt is 2650 N and if coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley surface is

0.3, estimate diameter of the shaft, when the inter diameter is 0.6 of the external. Neglect

centrifugal tension and assume permissible tensile and shear stresses in the as 84 MPa

and 68 MPa respectively. (BT-5/D10)

73

ASSIGNMENT – 7

1. A circular cantilever beam of 50mm diameter and of the length 200 mm is welded to a

support by means of a fillet weld to withstand a point load of 40 KN at its free end.

Determine the size of the weld if the permissible shear stress in the weld is limited to

100 Nmm2.

(BT-5/D05)

2. What are locating points? State their design principles.

(a) Design a fig to drill two through, two blind and one inclined hole in a

prismatic component.

(b) What are the causes of failure of shift? Explain.

(c) design a bushed pin type flexible flange coupling for the following duty:

(d) Power to be transmitted = 100 KW

(e) Rotational speed of shaft = 150 r.p.m(BT-5/D09)

3. Material of flange cast iron, material for shaft and key forged steel, material for bush

rubber. Assume suitable values of stresses. (BT-5/D10)

4. Show that the efficiency of self locking screws is less than fifty percent. (BT-5/D11)

5. Design a screw jack suitable for a maximum load of 50 KN and having lift of 225 mm

with ground clearance of 40 cm.

The safe stresses for steel screw in tension, shear and compression are 95, 63, 118,

MPa respectively. The corresponding values for phosphor bronze nut are 62, 47, and

56 MPa. Allowable bearing pressure between screw and nut is 15 MPa. (BT-5/D08)

6. A rigid coupling is used to connect a 45 kW, 1440 r.p.m. electric motor to a centrifugal

pump. The starting torque the motor is 225% of the rated torque. There are 8 bolts their pitch

circle diameter is 150 mm. the bolt are made of steel 45C (Syt = 380 N/mm2 ) and the factor

of safety is 2 determine the diameter of the bolts. (BT-5/D06)

74

ASSIGNMENT – 8

1. (a) What are important rules for good casting design? Explain with the help of figures.

(b) Discuss the fundamental requirement of support and retainment of rotating machining

parts. (BT-5/D07)

2. Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of the material over metallic material

a. Shaving blade.

b. Valve of a safety valve.

c. Steam pipe.

d. Water pipe .

e. Gears of a lathe.

f. Explain the principles of support and retainment of machine parts. (BT-5/D11)

3. Write short notes on

(i) Types of leavers.

(ii) Classification of engineering material. (BT-5/D10)

4. Write short notes on

1. Leavers and their usefulness in machines.

2. Designing pipe joints. (BT-5/D08)

5. How linear and angular measurement can be measured with the help of slip gauges and

angle blocks? Explain them. (BT-5/D09)

6. Design an oval flanged pipe joint for a pipe having 5 cm bore .it is subjected to an internal

fluid pressure of 8 N/mm2. The maximum tensile stress in the pipe material is nit to exceed 20

N/mm2 and in the bolts 60 N/mm

2. Sketch the designed joint. (BT-5/D06)

75

B. Tech. (Fifth semester) Mechanical engineering STEAM GENERATION & POWER


3 1 - 4 Sessional: 25 marks

Duration of Exam: 03 hours NOTE: In the semester examination, the paper setter will set 8 questions in all, at least


selecting at least one from each unit. UNIT I

Introduction; classification of boilers; comparison of fire tube and water tube boiler; their

advantages; description of boiler; Lancashire; locomotive; Babcock; Wilcox etc.; boiler

mountings; stop valve; safety valve; blow off valve; feed check etc.; water level indicator;

fusible plug; pressure gauge; boiler accessories; feed pump; feed water heater; preheater;

superheater; economizer; natural draught chimney design; artificial draught; stream jet

draught; mechanical draught; calculation of boiler efficiency and equivalent evaporation(no

numerical problem)

UNIT II Carnot cycle; simple and modified Rankine cycle; effect of operating parameters on rankine

cycle performance; effect of superheating; effect of maximum pressure; effect of exhaust

pressure; reheating and regenerative Rankine cycle; types of feed water heater; reheat factor;

binary vapour cycle.

Simple steam engine, compound engine; function of various components.

UNIT III Function of steam nozzle; shape of nozzle for subsonics and supersonics flow of stream;

variation of velocity; area of specific volume; steady state energy equation; continuity

equation; nozzle efficiency; critical pressure ratio for maximum discharge; physical

explanation of critical pressure; super saturated flow of steam; design of steam nozzle.

Advantage of steam condensation; component of steam condensing plant; types of

condensers; air leakage in condensers; Dalton’s law of partial pressure; vacuum efficiency;

calculation of cooling water requirement; air expansion pump.

UNIT IV

Introduction; classification of steam turbine; impulse turbine; working principal;

compounding of impulse turbine; velocity diagram; calculation of power output and

efficiency; maximum efficiency of a single stage impulse turbine; design of impulse turbine

blade section; impulse reaction turbine; working principle; degree of reaction; parsons

turbine; velocity diagram; calculation of power output; efficiency of blade height; condition

of maximum efficiency; internal losses in steam turbine; governing of steam turbine. Text Books :

1. Thermal Engineering – P L Ballaney, Khanna Publishers 2. Thermodynamics and Heat Engines vol II – R Yadav, Central Publishing House

76

Reference

Books : 1. Applied

Thermodynami

cs for

Engineering

Technologists

– T D Eastop

and A

McConkey,

Pearson

Education

2. Heat

Engineering –

V P Vasandani

and D S

Kumar,

Metropolitan

Book Co Pvt

Ltd

Lecture

schedule of

steam

generation

and power

S.No. Topics Refrence

1 Steam Boiler:

Introduction; Classification of boilers, comparison of

fire tube and

water tube boilers, their advantages, Description of

boilers: Lancashire,

Locomotive, Babcock, Wilcox etc., Boilers

mountings, Stop valve, Safety valve, Blow-off valve,

Feed check etc., Water level indicator, Fusible plug,

Pressure gauge, Boiler accessories: Feed pump, feed

water heater, Pre- heater, super heater, Economizer,

Natural draught chimney design, Artificial draught,

steam jet draught, Mechanical draught, Calculation of

Boiler efficiency and evaporation (no numerical

problems).

R1

77

Reference

Books : R1.

Applied

Thermodynami

cs for

Engineering

Technologists

– T D Eastop

and A

McConkey,

Pearson

Education

R2. Heat

Engineering –

V P Vasandani

and D S

Kumar,

Metropolitan

Book Co Pvt

Ltd

2 Vapour power cycle:

Carnot cycle, simple and modified Rankine cycle,

Effect of operating parameters on Rankine cycle

performance, Effect of superheating, effect of

maximum pressure, effect of exhaust pressure,

Reheating and regenerative Rankine cycle, types of

feed water heater, reheat factor, binary Vapour cycle.

R2

3 Steam Engines:

Simple steam engines, Compound steam engine,

Functions of various components

R1

5

Steam turbine:

Introduction, Classification of steam turbine, Impulse

turbine, working principle, compounding of impulse

turbine, velocity diagram, calculation of power output

and efficiency, Maximum efficiency of a single stage

impulse turbine, Design of impulse turbine blade

section, Impulse reaction turbine: working principle,

degree of reaction, Parsons turbine, Velocity diagram,

calculation of power output, efficiency of blade height,

condition of maximum efficiency, Internal loses in

steam turbine, governing of steam turbine.

R1

6 Steam condenser:

Advantages of steam condensation, Components of

steam condensing plant, types of condensers, air

leakage in condensers, Dalton’s law of partial pressure,

vacuum efficiency, Calculation of cooling water

requirement and air pump capacity, Air expansion

pump.

R1

78

ASSSIGNMENT 1

Q 1 (a) Give the construction and working of the Babcock and Wilcox boiler.

(b) What do you understand by Boiler mountings and accessories? List different mountings

and accessories generally used in a boiler. BT-5/D06

Q 2 (a) Explain working of Lancashire boiler by a neat diagrammatic sketch showing the path

of hot flue gases.

(b) Define and differentiate between mountings and accessories? Give three examples of

each. BT-5/DO7

Q3 (a) define the Boiler mountings and accessories: explain the working of one mounting and

one accessory.

(b) With the help of neat sketch explain the working of Lancashire boiler. BT-5/DO7

Q 4 (a) Discuss how the steam generators are classified. Give examples of each

classification.

(b) With the help of neat sketch, explain the working of locomotive steam boiler. How is it

different from a boiler used for locomotives? BT-5/D08

Q 5(a) what are steam Boiler? Explain Locomotive Boiler with diagram.

(b) Differentiate between Water tube Boiler and fire tube boiler. BT-5/D06

Q 6 (a) Different between fire tube and water tube boiler.

(b) Discuss working of fusible plug and feed check valve. BT-5/D05

79

ASSSIGNMENT 2

Q 1 (a) what is the function of a fusible plug and where is it located in a boiler?

(b) What is Boiler draught? Differentiate between natural and artificial draught.

BT-5/DXQ 2

(a) Explain following with diagram:

(i) Water Lever indicator

(ii) Dead Weight Safety Valve

(iii) Spring Loaded safety valve

(iv) Blow off Cock. BT-5/D06

Q 3 (a) what do you understand by the term ‘Boiler draught’?

List different types of draught used in usual practice.

(b) Define the term Boiler efficiency and Equivalent evaporation. ME-311

Q 4 A turbine rotor disc is 0.6 m diameter at the blade ring. And is keyed to a 50 mm

diameter shaft. if the minimum thickness is 9.5 mm, what should be the thickness at the shaft

for a uniform stress of 200N mm2 at 10,000 rpm ? Density = 7700 kg/m

3. BT-4/M09.

Q 5 (a) calculate the height of chimney required to produce a draught equivalent to 1.7 cm of

water if the flue gas temperature is 2700c and ambient temperature is 22

0 c and minimum

amount of air per kg of fuel is 17 kg.

(b) What do understand by chimney draught? How is it classified? BT-5/D11

Q 6 (a) explain binary vapors cycle.

(b) The cylinder of steam engine is 300 mm in diameter and piston stroke is 580 mm. the

steam at admission is at 10 bar and 3000c .it expands isentropic ally to 0.7 bar and then

reduced at constant volume to a condenser at 0.28 bar. Determine:

(I) the modified ranking efficiency,

(ii) The new stroke if the same amount of steam from the original condition is expanded

isentropic ally to condenser pressure and

(iii) The new ranking efficiency. BT-5/D05

80

ASSSIGNMENT 3

Q 1 (a) describe the ranking cycle using superheated steam show in what respect cycle differs

from the Carnot cycle between the same temperature limit.

(b) What are super saturation and its effects in nozzle? BT-5/D05

Q 2 if a ring of mean radius R is acted upon by equal and opposite pulls P along a diameter ,

find expressions for the maximum bending moment and the deflection along the line of P.

BT-4/M09

Q 3 (a) list different limitations of Carnot cycle when steam is used as working medium.

(b) State the methods of increasing the thermal efficiency of a ranking cycle.

ME-311

Q 4 (a) a turbine is supplied with steam at a pressure of 32 bar & 4100 c. the steam then

expands to a pressure of 0.08 bar isentropic ally. Find the dryness fraction at the end of

expansion & thermal efficiency of the cycle considers pump work.

(b) Explain the working of a binary vapor cycle. BT-5/DX

Q 5 (a) what are the advantages of compound steam engine over single stage steam engine?

(b) The steam is supplied at a pressure of 8.4 bar and cut off accurse at 0.35 of the stroke .the

back pressure is 1.25 bar .if the diagram factor is 0.75,determine the actual mean effective

pressure. Neglect clearance. BT-5/D06

Q 6 Define the reheat factor and efficiency of a modified ranking cycle. A steam power plant

is supplied with dry saturated steam at a pressure of 12 bar and exhausts into a condenser at

0.1 bar. Calculate the ranking efficiency by using

(i)steam table. And(ii) Mollies chart. BT-5/D07

81

ASSSIGNMENT 4

Q 1 (a) in a regenerative cycle the inlet conditions are 40 bar & 4000 c. Steam is bled at 10

bar in regenerative heating using close feed water heater. The exit pressure is 0.8 bars.

Neglecting pump work, determine efficiency of the cycle.

(b) List the advantages of reheating. BT-5/DX

Q 2 (a) discuss the methods of governing a simple steam engine.

(b) The steam is supplied to a three stage turbine at 30 bar and 3500 c. the steam leaves the

first stage at 7 bar; second stage at 1 bar and finally at 0.1 bar .if each stage has an efficiency

of 0.7,determine the following:

(i) Ranking efficiency.

(ii) The final condition of steam.

(ii) Reheat factor.

(iv) Overall thermal efficiency. BT-5/D08

Q 3 (a) what is Delton, s law partial pressure?

In a surface condenser, the vacuum maintained is 700 mm of hg. The barometer

treads 754 mm. if the temperature of condensate is 180 c, determine:

(i) Mass of air/kg of steam

(ii) (ii) Vacuum efficiency. BT-5/D05

Q 4 (a) a 5 cm. by 3 cm .by 0.5 cm. angle is used as a cantilever of length 50 cm. With the 3

cm. horizontal. A load of 1000N is applied at the free end. Determine the position of neutral

axis and maximum stress set up. BT-4/M09

Q 5 (a) explain Carnot cycle with diagram.

(b) Compare Carnot cycle and ranking cycle. BT-5/D06

Q 6 (a) Derive an expression for the mass flow rate of steam thigh a nozzle.

(b) dry saturated steam enters a nozzle at a pressure of 10 bar and with an initial velocity of

90 m/s. the outlet pressure is 6 bar and the outlet velocity is 435 m/s. the heat loss from the

nozzle is 9 kHz/kg of steam flow .calculate the dryness fraction and the area at the exit, if the

Area inlet is 1256 mm2. BT-5/D07

82

ASSSIGNMENT 5

Q 1 (a) Estimate the mass flow rate of steam in a nozzle with the following data: inlet

pressure and temperature = 13 bar and 2500c; back pressure = 1.0 bar: throat diameter = 12

mm.

(b) What is the physical significance of critical pressure of a nozzle? BT-5/D11

Q 2 (a) define critical pressure ratio for the nozzle of the steam turbine .obtain analytically its

value in terms of the index of expansion. State the assumptions made.

(b) Sketch shape of the nozzle when inlet velocity is

(i) Subsonic (ii) sonic. Also justify your answer. ME-311

Q 3 (a) Foe different Mach Numbers sketch the shape of nozzle.

(b) Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 11 bars enters a convergent – divergent nozzle

and leaves at a pressure of 2 bar. If the flow is adiabatic & frictionless: determine (I) the exit

velocity of steam and (ii) ratio of area at exit and at throat .take n = 1.135.

BT-5/DX

Q 4 (a) Prove that maximum flow rate per unit area through a nozzle occurs when the ratio

of pressure at throat to inlet pressure is equal to

{2/(n+1)}n/(n-1)

where n= isentropic index of expansion.

(b) Explain supersaturated floe in steam nozzle and degree of super saturation and degree of

under cooling. BT-5/D08

Q 5 (a) A closed coiled helical spring is to have a stiffness of 900 N/m compression with a

maximum load of 45 n and maximum shearing stress of 120 N/mm2. The solid’ length of the

spring is 45 mm. find the wire diameter, mean coil radius and number of coils. G=40,000

N/mm2. BT-4 /M09

Q 6 (a) draw the inlet and the outlet velocity triangles for an impulse turbine. And derive an

expression for power produced by the turbine and axial thrust on the wheel.

(b) In a de level turbine, the steam enters wheel through a nozzle with a velocity of 500m/s

and at an angle of 200 to the direction of motion of the blade. The blade speed is 200 m/s and

the exit angle of the moving blade is 250. Find the inlet angle of the moving blade, exit

velocity of steam and its direction and work done per kg of steam.

BT-5/D07

83

ASSSIGNMENT 6

Q 1 (a) derive an expression for the mass flow rate of steam discharged through

a nozzle?

(b) With the help of mathematical equation discuss the shape of nozzle for

Different value of match number at inlet of the nozzle. BT-5/D11

Q2 steam having pressure of 10.5 bars and 0.95 dry is expanded through a convergent –

divergent nozzle and pressure of steam leaving the nozzle is 0.85 bars. Find the velocity at the

throat for maximum discharge. ME-311

Q 3 (a) explain the phenomenon of super saturated flow through the nozzle.

(b) Define the term vacuum efficiency. Why is vacuum mainta ined the

Condenser of a steam power plant? BT-5/DX

Q 4 (a) discuss the merits and demerits of surface condenser and jet condenser. Which type is

recommended for large plants?

(b) Write short notes on the following:

(I) Delton’s law of partial pressure.

(ii) Vacuum efficiency. BT -5/D08

Q 5 (a) A straight length of steel bar, 1.5 m. long and 2 cm. × 0.5 cm. section is compressed

longitudinally until it buckles. Assuming Euler’s formula to apply to this case ,estimate the

maximum central deflection before the steel passes the yield point of 320 MPA take E = 210

GPA. BT-4/M09

Q 6 (a) define balding efficiency .stage efficiency and nozzle efficiency.

(b) Draw and explain Rankin cycle. BT-5/D05

84

ASSSIGNMENT 7

Q 1 (a) Derive the expression for maximum blade efficiency in a single stage steam turbine.

(b) What do you mean by compounding of steam turbine? Also explain velocity

compounded steam turbine. ME -311

Q 2 (a) what do you mean by compounding of steam turbine? Discuss pressure velocity

compounded steam turbine.(b) What do you understand by ‘governing of steam turbine’?

Describe any one method. BT -5/DX

Q 3 (a) A steel tube has a mean diameter of 120 mm. and a thickness of 2 mm. calculate the

torque which can be transmitted by the tube with a factor of safety 3 if the criterion of failure

is (a) maximum stress(b) maximum shear strain energy and (c) maximum shear strain

energy. The elastic limit of steel in tension is 225 MN/m2 and poisons ratio v is 0.3.

BT-4/M09

Q 4 (a) in an impulse steam the mean diameter of the blades is 1.05 m and speed is 3000 rpm.

The nozzle angle is 200, the ratio of blade sped of steam speed is 0.42 and the ratio of relative

velocity at outlet from the blades to that at inlet is 0.84. The outlet angle of blade is to be

made 30 less then inlet. The mass of steam flowing through the turbine per second is 10.0 kg.

Calculate: (i) blade angle (ii) relative velocity of steam entering the blades (iii) power

developed & blade efficiency (iv) tangential force on the blades. BT-5/D11

Q 5 (a) draw and explain tandem type compound engine.

(b) a compound steam engine is to develop 260 KW when taking steam is 150 m/min. the

cut off in the H.P cylinder is to be 0.4 and the cylinder volume is 3.7.allow a diagram factor

of 0.83 for the combined cards and determine suitable dimensions’ of cylinders. If the

diagrams factor for the H.P. cylinder alone is 0.85, determine the separate powers developed

in the two cylinders when the L.P cut off is arranged to give equal initial loads on piston.

Assume hyperbolic and neglect clearance effects. BT-5/D05

Q 6 (a) Define the condenser efficiency: vacuum efficiency used is a steam condenser.

(b) The vacuum at the extraction pipe in a condenser is 710 mm of mercury and the

temperature is 35.820C .The barometer reads 760 mm of mercury .the air leakage into the

condenser is 4 kg per 10,000 kg of steam .determine

85

(i) The volume of air to be dealt with by the dry air pump per kg of steam entering the

condenser, and

(ii) The mass of water vapours associated with this air take R = 287 J/KG-K for air. BT-

5/D07

ASSSIGNMENT 8

Q 1 (a) Attempt any two of the following:

(i) Binary vapors power cycle.

(ii) Air –extraction pumps. BT-5/D07

Q 2 writes short notes for the following:

(i) Natural and artificial draught

(ii) Governing of steam turbine

(ii) Compare force draught and induced draught. BT-5/D05

Q 3 (a) write short notes on :

(i) Asymmetric bending

(ii) Leaf springs. BT-4/M09

Q 4 (a) what do you understand by governing of steam turbine? Explain throttle governing?

(b) Discuss the features of parson’s turbine. What is its working principle? BT-5/D11

Q 5 A reaction turbine running at 360 rpm consumes 5 kg of steam per second. The leakage is

10%. The discharge blade tip angle for both moving and fixed blades is 200. The axial

velocity of flow is 0.75 times the blade velocity .the power developed by a certain pair is 4.8

KW.where the pressure is 2 bar and dryness fraction is 0.95. Find the drum diameter and

blades height. BT-5/D08

Q 6 A certain stage of a parson’s turbine consists of one row of fixed blades & one row of

moving blades. The details of the turbine are as below:

The mean diameter of the blades = 68 cm

RPM of the turbine = 3000

The mass of steam passing per second = 13.5 kg

86

Steam velocity at exit from fixed blades = 143.7 m/s

The blade outlet angle = 200

Calculate (i) the power developed in the stage (ii) gross stage efficiency. BT-5/DX

B. Tech. (Fifth semester) Mechanical engineering ME 313 E Thermal Engineering (Practical)


- - 2 2 Sessional: 25 marks


List of Experiments 1. To make a trial on single cylinder 4-stroke Diesel Engine to calculate B. H. P., S.F.C. and

to draw its characteristics curves.

2. To make a trial on 4-stroke high-speed diesel engine and to draw its Heat Balance Sheet. 3. To make a trial on Wiley’s jeep Engine at constant speed to calculate B. H. P., S. F. C.

Thermal efficiency and to draw its characteristic Curves.

4. To make Morse Test to calculate IHP of the multi cylinder petrol engine and to determine

its mechanical efficiency.

5. To calculate the isothermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency of a 2 stage reciprocating

air compressor.

6. To find out the efficiency of an air Blower.

7. To make a trial on the Boiler to calculate equivalent evaporation and efficiency of the

boiler.

8. To study the following models;

a) Gas Turbine b.) Wankle Engine.

9. To study

a. Lubrication and cooling systems employed in various I. C. Engines in the Lab

b. Braking system of automobile in the lab

10. To study a Carburetor.

11. To study (I) the Fuel Injection System of a C. I. Engine. (II) Battery Ignition system of a

S. I. Engine

12. To study Cooling Tower.

13. To study multi Cylinder four strokes vertical Diesel Engine test RIG With Hydraulic

Dynamometer. Note: Total Ten experiments must be performed. At least eight experiments should be

performed from the above list. Remaining two experiments may either be performed

from the above list or outside the list.

87

B. Tech. (Fifth semester) Mechanical engineering ME 315 E Fluid Machines (Practical)




List of Experiments 1. To study and perform lest on the Pelton wheel and to plot curves Q, P Vs N at full, three

fourth gate opening. 2. To study and perform test in the Francis Turbine and to plot curves Q, P Vs N at full,

three- fourth gate opening.

3. To study and perform test on the Kaplan Turbine and to plot curves Q, P Vs N at full,

three- fourth half opening.

4. To study and perform test on Centrifugal Pump and to plot curves η, Power Vs Q 5. To study and perform test on a Hydraulic Ram and to find its Rankine, Aubussion η. 6. To study and perform test on a Reciprocating pump and to plot the P and ηVs H 7. To study and perform test on a Gear Pump and to plot the curves Q.P Vs Pressure rise. 8. Study and perform test on a Torque Convertor and to plot the curves η& Np.

88

B. Tech. (Fifth semester) Mechanical engineering ME 317 E Heat Transfer (Practical)




List of Experiments 1. Determination of thermal conductivity of a metal rod

2. Determination of thermal conductivity of an insulating powder

3. Determination of thermal conductivity of a liquid using Guard plate method 4. Determination of thermal resistance of a composite wall

5. Temperature distribution of a pin fin in free-convection

6. Temperature distribution of a pin fin in forced-convection

7. Forced convection heat transfer from a cylindrical surface

8. Determination of Electiveness of a Heat exchanger

9. Determination of Stefan-Boltzman constant

10. Performance of Solar still

11. Determination of critical heat flux

12. Performance of solar water heater

13. Measurement of solar radiation using solar integrator.

Note: Total Ten experiments must be performed. At least eight experiments should be



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Industrial Engineering (Practical) ME 319 E

L T P/D Total Theory: 25 Marks - - 2 2 Sessional: 25 marks


List of Experiments 1. To study various Rating Factor systems and find standard time for making small sand

mould. 2. To study various plat layouts and suggest improvements in existing Machines Shop

layout.

3. To study and draw organizational structure of a near by industry and suggest changes.

4. To draw X and R charts for a given sample of products to check their acceptance.

5. To draw p chart for a given product lot and verify its acceptance

6. Draw a flow process chart with time estimates for a simple welding process.

7. Draw a two handed process chart for a simple process of a job preparation on a lathe.

8. To study various purchase procedures and draw organizational structure of college

purchase department.

9. A case study on ABC/VED analysis.

10. A case study on Quality Improvement Techniques (e.g. Hostel Mess/ Workshop /

Canteen etc.)

11. A market survey and analysis.

12. A “preliminary project report” preparation for any small-scale unit.

Note: Total Ten experiments must be performed. At least eight experiments should be



Academic Calendar B. Tech. - Samalkha Group of Institutions · Academic Calendar (Session August ... viva-voce 1 I.C. Engine & Gas ... the paper setter will set 8 questions in all,

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