AC Sunbury: A new light yellow-fleshed medium early table potato cultivar with resistance to golden cyst nematode

Amer J of Potato Res (2002) 79:397-402 397

AC Sunbury: A New Light Yellow-fleshed Medium Early Table Potato Cultivar

with Resistance to Golden Cyst Nematode

Agnes Murphy", Richard Tam 1, Henry De Jong 2, Walter Arsenault 3, and George C. C. Tai I

~Agriculture and Agri Food Canada, Potato Research Centre, PO Box 20280, Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z7. ~Retired.

3Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Crops and Livestock Research Centre, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6. *Corresponding Author: Tel: 506-452-3260; Fax: 506-452-3316; Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

AC Sunbury is an a t tract ive , r o u n d / o v a l , m e d i u m

early table potato wi th l ight ye l l ow f lesh and very good

culinary qna]ity, especial ly w h e n baked. It produces yie lds

comparable to Jemseg or Superior at 80 days and is resis-

tant to the golden cyst n e m a t o d e R o l and to in fec t ion by

PVY ~ It was bred at the Potato Research Centre, Agricul-

ture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, and released

in 2001.

RESUMEN

AC Sunbury es una atractiva papa comercia l semio-

valada y de maduraci6n medianamente precoz con pulpa

de color amari l lo claro y m u y buena cual idad culinaria,

e spec ia lmente cuando se hornea. Sus rendimientos a los

80 dlas son s imilares a las variedades Jemseg o Superior y

es r e s i s t e n t e al n e m a t o d o dorado del qu i s t e Rol y a la

infecci6n por PVY. Fue mult ipl icado en el Centro de Inves-

t igaciSn de la Papa Fredericton, AAFC en ingl4s, y liber-

ado en el afio 2001.

INTRODUCTION

AC Sunbury is adapted as a medium early, light yellow-

fleshed cultivar in Eastern Canada and Quebec. The round-oval

Accepted for publication August 7, 2002. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS: PVY resistance, culinary quality.

shallow-eyed tubers have a very good appearance and culinary

quality, especially when baked This cultivar was named after a

county in New Brunswick, Canada. Stmbury County was estab-

lished in 1765 as a county of Nova Scotia 19 years before New

Brunswick became a province. At that time, it comprised much

of what is now western New Bnmswick. Today, Stmbury County

is located in central New Brunswick along the St. John River

near where this cultivar was evaluated for the early market.

AC Sm~bury was bred and selected within the potato-breed-

ing program of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) at the

Fredericton, NB, Potato Research Centre. Tested as selection

F80054, it was registered for certification in Canada in 2001 and

released as a public cultivar, registration number 5297 (Figure 1).

AC Sunbury was selected from the progeny of a cross,

made in 1978, between Raritan (female parent) and Y66-13-636.

Raritan was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Research Station and later released by Rutgers University for

development and introduction in New Jersey. It is able to pro-

duce tubers of high specific gravity under relatively high tem-

peratures and has good table qualities (Campbell and Young

1970).Y66-13-636 (also known as Agitato) is a yellow-fleshed

selection developed by the late Dr. Wiersema in Wageningen,

the Netherlands (Swie~yfisld et al. 1997). Y66-13-636 was specif-

ically developed to be used as a parent for disease resistance; it

has extreme resistance to PVY, PVA, and PVX and is also resis-

tant to the golden cyst nematode (GIobodera rostochiensis

pathotype Rol). The PVY resistance of Y66-13-636 can be traced

back to Solanum stoloniferam; its nematode and PVX resis-

tance has been derived from the Andigena clone CPC1673.

The pedigree of AC Sunbury is shown in Figure 2.

398 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH Vol. 79

FIGURE 1. Composite photograph of AC Sunbury depicting tubers, light sprout, flowers, leaf, and whole plant.

2002 MURPHY, et al.: AC SUNBURY 399

A C S u n b u r y - -

(F80054)

FIGURE 2. Pedigree of AC Sunbury.

- - Rar i tan

Y 6 6 - 1 3 - 6 3 6

cr

F45019

S S R B P 8 3 4 C ( 2 9 )

Y 6 2 - 2 - 2 2 1

A m a r y l

1441-8

gamJx l in

C r a i g ' s D e f i a n c e

w8oo(2)

- - B e a

- - 189

Sask ia

N - 1 3 3

~ 1242-6

Ka tahd in

U S D A 40568

U S D A 24642

," Epicure

Pepo

S S R B P 6 4 2 ( 2 )

~ - - SSRB'P636(2)

N - 1 0 7

t R o d e Eers te l ing

Herald

i C P C 1 6 7 3 - 2 0

' Furore

Description

PLANTS: Growth habit: vines are medium in size, erect

with little branching. Stems: anthocyanin coloration is absent,

wings are inconspicuous and nodal swelling is absent. Leaves:

yellowish green. Pubescence: very little on lower leaf surfaces.

Leaf type: open. Terminal leaflet: medium ovate, tip acmninate,

base cordate and moderately asymmetrical. Primary leaflets:

medium ovate, 3.5 pairs, tip acuminate, base cordate and mod-

erately asymmetrical. Secondary] leaflets: 6-8 in number. Peti-

oles and midribs: pubescence almost absent on rachis,

anthocyanin colouration absent on rachis and petioles.

INFLORESCENCE: medium profuse flowering with low

numbers of flowers per inflorescence. Buds: anthocyanin col-

oration absent. Calyx: anthocyanin coloration absent. Corolla:

medium size, white with an inconspicuous star. Stamens: broad

cone shape, bright yellow anthers. Stigma: capitate, medium

green.

FERTILITY: meditml pollen shed and quality; low frequency

of open pollinated berries in the field. Productive when used as

a female in controlled pollinations.

TUBERS: Shape: typically oval. The mean width to length is

0.80, the mean thickness to length is 0.65, and the mean thick-

ness to width is 0.81. Skin: light yellow. Eyes: shallow, pink eyes

predominantly apical in distribution. Flesh: light yenow. Sprouts:

ovoid, with very slight pubescence. Pink at the base. The sprout

tip is medium open with little pubescence and green. There is

low frequency of root initials and medium protrusion of

lenticels. Lateral shoots: medium to long. Dormancy: medium.

MATURITY: the haulm maturity is medium early.

Disease Resis tance

AC Sunbury is resistant to the golden cyst nematode (G.

rostochiensis Rol) and to infection by PVY ~ It is moderately sus-

ceptible to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and is suscep-

400 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH Vol. 79

TABLE 1--Summary of disease reactions for AC Sunbury

compared with check cultivars.

Disease AC Sunbury Russet Burbank I Shepody 1

Common Scab MS ~ R S Early Blight S R MS Fusarium Dry Rot S S R Late Blight VS S S Verticillium Wilt * S MS MS Cyst Nematode (Rol) R S S PLRV S S MS PVY" R S VS Wart S S S

Results compiled from several research studies conducted by plant pathologists identified in the Acknowledgements section. S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, VS = very susceptible, R = resistant lRusset Burbank and Shepody were chosen for comparison because these cultivars are frequently used as checks in disease resistance eval- uations and are widely grown. ~Moderate scab has been observed on occasion but it appears to be the exception. ~Verticillium wilt caused as caused by V. dahliae

t ible to PLRV, war t (Synchytrium endobioticum), verticil l innl

wi l t (V.dahliae), dry r o t (Fusarium sambucinum f.6), and

a l ternar ia early blight (A. solani). AC Sunbury is very suscepti-

ble to late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Summary provided

in Table 1.

TABLE 2--Yields of AC Sunbury and the Jemseg and Superior checks in early harvest trials.

AC Sunbury exhibi ted typical foliage and tube r s y m p t o m

express ion in a bacter ia l ring rot (Clavibacter michiganensis

ssp. sepedonicus) tes t in 1986 conduc t ed in NB.

Yield

In Ear ly Regiona l Tria ls in t he Mar i t ime p r o v i n c e s har-

ves t ed at a b o u t 80 days, AC Sunbu ry p r o d u c e d a m a r k e t a b l e

yield of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 97% of J e m s e g a n d 101% of Supe r io r

(Table 2). AC Sunbury has per formed well at several locat ions in

Quebec. In Early Regional Trials in Quebec at several si tes (12

locat ion years) f rom 1988 to 1990, AC Sunbury ranked th i rd out

of 11 for yield, first in yield of dry ma t t e r pe r h a and first in culi-

nary quality. Other entr ies in these tr ials included the cult ivars

Atlantic, Conestoga, Jemseg, Noriand, and Superior. (Consei l

des p roduc t ions v6g6tales de Qu6bec 1990). In early table s tock

trials conduc t ed by the New Brunswick Depar tmen t of Agricul-

tu re a n d Rura l Deve lopmen t and the New Brunswick P o t a t o

Agency in 1998 and 1999, AC Sunbury yields were comparable to

the c h e c k s (Moore 1998, 1999). AC Sunbu ry r e s p o n d e d posi-

t ively to g r e e n sp rou t ing in a t r ia l c o n d u c t e d in NB in 2001.

Emergence , average weight of tube r s and yield were increased

in the green-sprouted t r ea tmen t s at 63, 73, and 89 DAP (unpub-

l ished data).

AC Sunbury has also been eva lua ted in a maincrop trial in

the At lan t ic p r o v i n c e s at four l oca t i ons in 1987 (Table 3). In

t h e s e t r ia ls , AC S u n b u r y p ro -

duced a m e a n marke tab le yield

80% tha t of Kennebec. AC Sunbury Jemseg Superior

Yield t/ha Yield t/ha Yield t/ha

Year Location D a y s I Total Mk ~ Total Mk 2 Total Mk 2

1986 NB.lemseg 74 11.8 8.1 11.1 7.5 9.4 4.8 1989 NB-Jemseg 78 21.7 18.4 25.8 23.3 25.5 20.2 1990 NB~iemseg 83 12.5 10.1 14.5 12.7 11.5 8.6 MEAN NB~iemseg 15.4 12.2 17.1 14.5 15.5 11.2

1986 NS-Kentvffie 79 20.9 17.1 23.2 19.4 21.3 17.3 1989 NS-Kentville 84 25.9 21.9 24.3 22.2 28.1 25.2 1990 NS-Kentville 154 * 25.1 24.0 28.2 27.5 33.1 31.5 MEAN NS-Kentville 24.0 21.0 25.2 25.2 27.5 24.7

1986 PE-Charlottetown 81 31.7 30.2 26.2 24.3 31.4 27.8 1989 PE-Charlottetown 83 38.9 30.4 35.1 30.2 37.3 28.5 1990 PE-Charlottetown 80 29.8 28.5 28.2 26.6 24.2 22.0 MEAN PE-Charlottetown 33.5 29.7 29.9 27.1 31.0 26.1

OVERALL MEAN 24.3 20.9 24.1 21.5 24.7 20.7

1 Days = Number of days from planting to harvest. 2MK = Marketable - For early harvest Canada No. 1 (47.6-88.9 m) + Large (88.9-114.3 mm). a Plots matured at approximately 100 days but due to labour shortage remained in the ground until 154 days.

SpecO~ic Gravity and Cooking Quality

In Ear ly Regional Trials in

t h e M a r i t i m e p r o v i n c e s , t h e

m e a n specific gravity of AC Sun-

bury was higher than ei ther Jem-

seg o r S u p e r i o r (Tab le 4). In

these trials, samples for boi l ing

quali ty are only t aken f rom the

J e m s e g loca t ion . AC S u n b u r y

h a s p r o d u c e d a sl ightly h i g h e r

m e a n boil score than ei ther Jem-

seg o r S u p e r i o r a t t h a t loca-

t ion . (Table 2). In the 1990 trial,

and in o t h e r u n p u b l i s h e d data,

the relatively mealy bake quality

2002 MURPHY, eta/.: AC SUNBURY 401

TABLE 3--Yield, specific gravity, boil and bake scores o f AC Sunbury and the Kennebec check in a maincrop trial in 1987.

AC Sunbu_ry Kennebec

Yield t/ha Yield t/ha

Location Days ~ Total MK ~ S.G} BL ~ BK ~ Total MI~-' S.G? BL 4 B K ~

NB-Grand Falls 127 49.5 41.4 1.077 62.7 42.1 1.070 NB-Hartland 126 32.9 26.3 1.087 78 84 47.5 32.1 1.082 82 NS-gentville 148 20.4 15.2 1.074 78 82 29.4 23.1 75 PE-Charlo~etown 134 37.3 26.1 1.096 82 85 51.0 35.3 1.090 80 MEAN 35.0 27.2 1.084 79 84 47.7 33.2 1.081 79

81 73 86 80

1Days = Number of days from plantiag to harvest. Tops killed at approximately 14 d before harvest. 2MK = Marketable - for maincrop round tubers: Canada No. 1 (57.2-88.9 nun) + Large (88.9-114.3 mm). 3S.G. = Specific gravity. 4BL = Boil score: <70 = poor; 70-80 = moderate; >80 = excellent. ~BK = Bake score: <70 = poor; 70-80 = moderate; >80 = excelleat.

o f AC Snnbury harves ted f rom early trials has received excel-

lent ratings from sensory evaluation panels.

In the 1987 Maincrop Regional Trial, AC Sunbury achieved

mean boil and bake scores of 79 and 84, respectively (Table 3).

The s c o r e s for K e n n e b e c in the s a m e trial w e r e 79 a n d 80,

respectively. It can be concluded that AC Sunbury has good boil-

ing and excellent baking qualities either when harves ted early

or at 120 days.

The total glycoalkaloid (TGA) tests of the 1989, 1990, and

1992 crops provide a mean for AC Sunbury of 7.4 mg/100 g FW

compared with 6.6 for Superior (2 yrs) and 13.7 for Kennebec.

The TGA value obtained from AC Sunbury tubers harvested in

late July 1989 was 6.80 mg/100 g FW.

S e e d Sources

AC Sunbury is available as in vitro plantlets f rom the New

Brunswick Plant Propagation Centre, Fredericton and is being

mult ipl ied at the Bon Accord Elite Seed Potato Centre, New

TABLE 4- Specific gravity, boil and bake scores f o r AC Sunbury and the Jemseg and Superior checks in early harvest trials.

AC Sunbms~ Jemseg Superior

Year Location S.G? BL z BK ~ S.G. L BL 2 BI~ ~ S.G.' BL ~ BI~

1986 NB-Jemseg 1.076 75 1989 NB-Jemseg 1.076 73 1990 NB-Jemseg 1.095 84 82 MEAN NB-Jemseg 1.082 77 82

1986 NS-Kent~lle 1989 NS-Kentvllle 1990 NS-Kentville 1.077 MEAN NS-Kentville 1.077

1 9 8 6 PE-Charlottetown 1.088 1 9 8 9 PE-Charlottetown 1 9 9 0 PE-Charlottetown 1.076 M E A N PE-Charlottetown 1.082

OVERALL MEAN 1.081 77 82

~S.G. = Specific gravity. 2BL = Boil score: <70 = poor; 70-80 = moderate; > 80 = excellent. ~BK = Bake score: <70 = poor, 70-80 = moderate; > 80 = excellent.

1.072 71 1.073 68 1.071 79 1.078 76 1.090 80 72 1.092 81 71 1.078 77 72 1.081 75 71

1.067 1.066 1.067 1.066

1.083 1.086

1.073 1.072 1.078 1.079

1.076 77 72 1.078 75 71

402 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH Vol. 79

Brunswick. For breeding and research purposes, AC Smlbury is

available from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Potato

Research Centre, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of

Dr. R. H. Bagnall, AAFC, Fredericton (retired), for the screening

for field resistance to PVY and PLRV; Dr. B. B. Brodie,

USDA/ARS/Cornell University, for the screening for resistance

to the potato cyst nematode; Dr. D. L. Corsini USDA/ARS/Uni-

versity of Idaho, for the screening of V. dahliae, early blight and

common scab; Dr. R. King, AAFC, Fredericton, for the deternfi-

nation of glycoalkaloids; Dr. A. R. McKenzie, AAFC, Fredericton

(retired) for BRR evaluation; Dr. H. Platt, AAFC, Charlottetown

for the field screening of late blight resistance; Dr. P. Turcotte,

Centre de recherche, Les Buissons for trial data from Quebec;

Mr. S. Wood, CFIA, St. John's for screening for wart reaction;

Ms. Lynn Moore, NB Aquaculture, Fisheries and Agriculture for

trial data and extension assistance; Ms. D. Wilson, Ms. C. Murray,

Ms. T. Dalton, Ms. V. Burns, and Ms. J. Embleton for various

aspects of the development work. The contributions of the staff

in the AAFC Fredericton greenhouses and fields as well as that

of Mr. R. Horsman and staff at the Benton Ridge Potato Breeding

Substation are very much appreciated. The review by Dr. D.

DeKoeyer is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank

Ms. S. LaForest and Ms. M. Ingraham for stenography.

LITERATURE CITED

Campbell, J.C., and D.A. Young. 1970. Raritan, a potato with high spe- cific gravity. Am Potato J 47:264-267.

Conseil des productions v6g6tales de Qu6bec. 1990. Pommes de terre. R6sultats des essais r4gionaux 1990. Service de phytotechnie de Qu6bec. MinistEre de ragriculture, des pecheries er de l'alimen- tation du Qu6bec. pp. 20-50.

Moore, L. 1998. Early potato variety development-Spudtech 1998. Inter- nal report prepared for NB Department of Agriculture & Rural Development.

Moore, Lynn M. 1999. Early potato variety development-Spudtech 1999. Adaptive Research Reports, NB Department of Agriculture & Rural Development 21:317-329.

Swiezyfisld, K.M., KG. Haynes, R.C.B. Hutten, M.T. Sieczka, P. Watts, E. Zimnoch-Guzowska. 1997.Pedigree of European and North- American potato varieties. In: Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Vol. 41, no.1 Supplement. Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Radzik6w, Poland.