The A, B, V’s of School Performance: Academics, Behavior and Vision Dominick M. Maino, OD, MEd, FAAO, FCOVD-A Professor, Pediatrics/Binocular Vision Illinois Eye Institute/Illinois College of Optometry Michelle O’Brien Vision Therapy Coordinator Lyons Family Eye Care Chicago, Il
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A,B,V's of School Performance: Academics, Behavior and Vision
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The A, B, V’s of School Performance:
Academics, Behavior and Vision
Dominick M. Maino, OD, MEd, FAAO, FCOVD-A Professor, Pediatrics/Binocular Vision Illinois Eye Institute/Illinois College of Optometry
– Non-motor Visual information Processing• Visual sequential
memory• Visual figure
ground• Visual closure
• Motor VIP– Visual motor
integration– Eye-hand
coordination– Motor
speed/precision
Auditory Information Processing
• Auditory discrimination
• Auditory memory
• Auditory visual integration
Other Tests
• Dyslexia Determination Test
• Slossen Intelligence Test
• Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
Optometric Vision Therapy/Orthoptics
• Visual motor integration problems• Oculomotor dysfunction• Focusing problems• Binocular vision problems• Learning Related Vision Problems
Optometric Vision Therapy/Orthoptics
The Relationship between Convergence Insufficiency and ADHD
“The symptoms of convergence insufficiency (CI) can make it difficult for a student to concentrate on extended reading and overlap with those of ADHD.”
“Some of the symptoms of ADHD overlap those of convergence insufficiency (CI). Comparing the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey... with the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD, we noted that 5 of the 9 symptoms of inattention could also be applied for CI (symptoms 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 as follows).
Optometric Vision Therapy/Orthoptics
The Relationship between Convergence Insufficiency and ADHD
DSM-IV Criteria for ADHD:
1. Often does not give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work or other activities.
2. Often has trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities
... 4. Often does not follow instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions).
Optometric Vision Therapy/Orthoptics
The Relationship between Convergence Insufficiency and ADHD
... 6. Often avoids, dislikes, or doesn't want to do things that take a lot of mental effort for a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).
... 8. Is often easily distracted.” “For the diagnosis [of ADHD], a complete medical, optometric and psycho-educational evaluation should be performed and vision or hearing deficits should be ruled out. Underlying visual or hearing problems may cause the child's academic underperformance and/or lack of concentration.”
Optometric Vision Therapy/Orthoptics
The Relationship between Convergence Insufficiency and ADHD
“Since the symptoms [of ADHD and convergence insufficiency] can be similar, it is not hard to imagine a diagnostic confusion.”
“We observed in our clinic that an unusual number of children with or suspected to have ADHD also had convergence insufficiency.”
Medication Issues: “...it is possible that the medications used to treat ADHD are aggravating CI. For some of these drugs, difficulties with accommodation and blurring have been reported.”
Optometric Vision Therapy/Orthoptics
The Relationship between Convergence Insufficiency and ADHD
“No matter what the true cause or cause and effect relationship, it is unavoidable that the presence of CI may cause (1) misdiagnosis, (2) diagnostic confusion or (3) exacerbation of the symptoms of ADHD.”
“In view of these findings, we believe it reasonable that CI be evaluated in patients with or suspected to have ADHD.”
CI is a condition that responds well to optometric vision therapy treatment...
Optometric Vision Therapy/Orthoptics
These statements were from:
The Relationship between Convergence Insufficiency and ADHDStrabismus 2005 Dec;13(4):163-8.
David B. Granet, MD FACS FAAO FAAP, Cintia F. Gomi MD, Ricardo Ventura, MD, Andrea Miller-Scholte, CO
Optometric Vision Therapy/Orthoptics
Vision Therapy
Phases of TherapyMonocular, Biocular, Binocular, Integration/Stabilization
Websites• http://www.MainosMemos.blogspot.com
– Latest research in children’s vision• http://www.covd.org/
– College of Optometrists in Vision Development• http://www.ico.edu/
– Illinois College of Optometry• http://www.oep.org/