Abuse me and You will see! (Group 5 - St. Claire)

A presentation made by Group 5 of Saint Claire

A presentation made by Group 5 of Saint Claire

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

NickelNickel CopperCopper ArsenicArsenic TinTin BerylliumBeryllium

MercuryMercury PoloniumPolonium PlutoniumPlutoniumFluorineFluorineCadmiumCadmium

ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion

Harmful Elements

In ancient times, people of the distant had already found elements such as gold and silver that could improve their work, decorate their houses and even strengthen the infrastructures. They used them as medicines so that the sick will be cured and to treat diseases, illnesses, ailments and the like.

People like Marie Curie and Glenn Seaborg had discovered more elements as the immense technology improved. The periodic table, made by Dmitri Mendeleev, was created to organize elements according to their similar properties and to distinguish which is which. People like them received Nobel prizes since they contributed important matters for the scientific world.

As people abused the usage of the elements, these things turned into harmful. They turned the water into a sea of wasted chemicals, soil became polluted, air became impure and even people became addicted. When they are not handled carefully, they can be hazardous.

It's not yet too late to save our dying Mother Earth. By following the rules against pollution of our government, in our own little ways, we can change anything into something that could free us from contamination.

• It is a compound that occurs in the environment only at very low levels

• Humans use nickel for many different applications such as an ingredient of steel and metal products

• Humans may be exposed to nickel by breathing air, drinking water, eating food or smoking cigarettes

• Skin contact with nickel-contaminated soil or water may also result in nickel exposure.

• In small quantities nickel is essential, but when the uptake is too high it can be a danger to human health.

NickelNickel

• It can be dangerous when the maximum tolerable amounts are exceeded

• It can cause various kinds of cancer on different sites within the bodies of animals, mainly of those that live near refineries

• High nickel concentrations on sandy soils can clearly damage plants and high nickel concentrations in surface waters can diminish the growth rates of algae.

• Microorganisms can also suffer from growth decline due to the presence of nickel

NickelNickel

• Copper does not break down in the environment and because of that it can accumulate in plants and animals when it is found in soils

• Due to the effects upon plants, it is a serious threat to the productions of farmlands

• When the soils of farmland are polluted with copper, animals will absorb concentrations that are damaging to their health.

• Humans can be exposed to this element by eating, drinking and breathing

CopperCopper

• Long-term exposure to copper can cause irritation of the nose, mouth and eyes and it causes headaches, stomach-aches, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea.

• High uptakes of copper may cause liver and kidney damage and even death.

• Chronic copper poisoning results in Wilson’s disease– It is characterized by

• hepatic cirrhosis• brain damage• Demyelization• renal disease• copper deposition in the cornea

CopperCopper

• Exposure through arsenic may be gotten from food, water, skin contact with soil or water that contains arsenic

• Toxicity of arsenic varies like in food

• Its toxicity is high for the reason that they may absorb arsenic in their aquatic habitat

• Few amount of arsenic may be harmless but with significant amount of it may bring danger to the health of human

ArsenicArsenic

• Arsenic is produced by emitted copper producing companies and also in agriculture by lead and zinc production

• Once it entered the environment, it cannot be destroyed resulting to absorption of plants and other organism, high concentration of these can lead to health effects

ArsenicArsenic

• Tin has organic substances but these effects can vary

• It has an atom that may not be toxic, but its organic form is toxic

• It is dependent on what kind of substance that is present and the organism that is exposed to it. One example is the most dangerous for humans which is Triethyltin.

• When hydrogen bonds grow longer a tin substance will be less dangerous to human health, but with the case of Triethyltin in this case it has relatively short hydrogen bonds

TinTin

• Its organic form is maintain in the environment is a very long time and are not fairly biodegradable

• Microorganisms having a hard time breaking down these concentrations of organic tin rises

• Tributyltins are the most toxic tin components to fish and fungi.

TinTin

• We are exposed to slight levels of beryllium through the food we eat, the water we drink and the air we breathe

• Levels of exposure to beryllium are extremely low, regardless if you live or work near beryllium industries

• Berylliosis, a lung inflammation caused by inhaling of particulates or fumes that contain beryllium, occurs in both chronic and acute forms– This disease can effect other organs like kidneys,

heart, liver, spleen lymph nodes and skin• It can be transported as particles that are released

into the atmosphere or can be dissolved compounds in waters

• Beryllium and its compounds have a high acute toxicity to the aquatic life

BerylliumBeryllium

• It has been considered as a valuable natural resource with various or wide range of applications, for over a millennia

• It is one of the first elements to be discovered and utilized by humans since this exist in nature

• It is used in barometers and thermometers• When a thermometer breaks, the mercury vaporizes

and a significant high exposure to mercury may occur through breathing in just a short period of time

• This element can cause:– Lung irritation– Eye irritation– Skin rashes– Nerve brain and kidney damage– Diarrhea – Vomiting

MercuryMercury

• It can be naturally found spewing from volcanoes, evaporating off bodies of water and rising gas from the earth’s crust

• The mercury in the soil can also build up in mushrooms

• The effects of the elements to animals are– Kidney damage– Stomach disruption– Intestinal damage– DNA alteration– Reproductive failure

MercuryMercury

• It is an extremely unstable radioactive element• Polonium is not a health hazard if it’s outside the body

(can only be harmful if it’s taken inside the body)• When inhaled, some of it will stay in the lungs. Half of it

that stays in the body can be found in spleen, kidneys and liver.

• When inhaled, especially from a cigarette smoke, it can damage the cells lining the airways within the lungs which can lead to lung cancer.

• Alpha particles (a positively charged particle ejected spontaneously from the nuclei of some radioactive elements) emitted by this element can disrupt cell structures, damage DNA and can cause cell death.

PoloniumPolonium

• It is a silvery-white radioactive metal• It can enter the body by inhalation of air, ingestion

of food and water and through open wounds• Internal exposure to plutonium is an extremely

serious health hazard. It generally stays in the body for decades, exposing organs and tissues to radiation, and increasing the risk of cancer.

• When the bones and liver absorbed and collected a large amount of plutonium in our body, they will become concentrated and be at risk

• Ingestion or inhalation of large amounts of plutonium may cause acute radiation poisoning and death

PlutoniumPlutonium

• It may enter water surface from accidental releases and disposal of radioactive wastes

• Soil can become contaminated with plutonium through fallout during the testing of nuclear weapons. It slowly moves downwards in the soil and into the groundwater, thus making it also contaminated

PlutoniumPlutonium

• A poisonous pale yellow gaseous element• Skin contact results in painful deep-seated burns that

are slow to heal • It can cause severe burns to the eyes, which may lead

to permanent damage and blindness.• Exposure to higher concentrations can result in

serious damage to the lungs, and fatal pulmonary edema may develop after a delay of several hours.

• Ingestion of fluorine can produce severe injury to the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract and may be fatal or deadly

FluorineFluorine

• It is soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other metals in group 12, zinc and mercury

• Breathing high levels of cadmium may severely damage the lungs and can even cause death

• It can irreversibly damage the lungs, producing shortness of breath and emphysema

• Cadmium stays in the body a very long time and can build up from many years of exposure to low levels

• Eating food or drinking water with very high levels severely irritates the stomach, causing vomiting and diarrhea.

CadmiumCadmium

The price we pay for using so many different types of material is pollution. This occurs when we release substances into the environment which harm living things as well as structures. Today, some of our machines, factories and power stations disfigure the environment. Some of the wastes do not break up but rather pollute the land, water and the air.

We can help pollution get better by slowing down a lot of things such as not using the car as much and not littering because littering doesn't just affect our land but affects animals in the ocean and on land. We are as well but little do we know it we also get affected by pollution it is said that it can give you cancer by inhaling polluted air. You can do your bit by walking from place to place if it is walking distance and don't litter because we do share the world with other nations and they get affected by pollution as well.