ABSTRACT Now a day’s frequency of natural hazards like drought, flood, cyclone, earth quake, landslide, forest fire, hail storm, locust, volcanic eruption and most recent one tsunami has increased like anything. The loss of habitat and property due to such hazards has become matter of grave concern.Though it is almost impossible to fully recoup the damage caused by the disasters, it is possible to (i) minimize the potential risks by developing early warning strategies (ii) prepare and implement developmental plans to provide resilience to such disasters (iii) mobilize resources including communication and telemedicinal services, and (iv) to help in rehabilitation and post- disaster reconstruction. All these things constitute Disaster Management. Disaster Management is a typically multi- disciplinary endeavour, requiring many types of data with spatial and temporal attributes that should be made available to key players in the right format for decision- making. The volume of information needed for natural disasters far exceeds the capacity to deal with them manually. Disaster management cut across boundaries including organizational, political, geographic, professional, topical, and sociological. Space technology plays a crucial role in efficient mitigation of disasters. While communication satellites help
23
Embed
ABSTRACT - civilprojects.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewNow a day’s frequency of natural hazards like drought, flood, cyclone, earth quake, landslide, forest fire, hail storm,
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
ABSTRACT Now a day’s frequency of natural hazards like drought, flood, cyclone, earth
quake, landslide, forest fire, hail storm, locust, volcanic eruption and most recent one
tsunami has increased like anything. The loss of habitat and property due to such hazards
has become matter of grave concern.Though it is almost impossible to fully recoup the
damage caused by the disasters, it is possible to (i) minimize the potential risks by
developing early warning strategies (ii) prepare and implement developmental plans to
provide resilience to such disasters (iii) mobilize resources including communication and
telemedicinal services, and (iv) to help in rehabilitation and post-disaster reconstruction.
All these things constitute Disaster Management.
Disaster Management is a typically multi-disciplinary endeavour, requiring many
types of data with spatial and temporal attributes that should be made available to key
players in the right format for decision-making. The volume of information needed for
natural disasters far exceeds the capacity to deal with them manually. Disaster
management cut across boundaries including organizational, political, geographic,
professional, topical, and sociological.
Space technology plays a crucial role in efficient mitigation of disasters. While
communication satellites help in disaster warning, relief mobilization and tele-medicinal
support, earth observation satellites provide required database for pre-disaster
preparedness programmes, disaster response, monitoring activities and post-disaster
damage assessment, and reconstruction, and rehabilitation. Space technologies have
proved to contribute unique and significant solutions in disaster management, disaster
mitigation, disaster preparedness, disaster relief and also disaster rehabilitation. Space
technology based solutions have become an integral part of disaster management
activities in many developed and some developing countries. The United Nations Office
for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) has been implementing a Space Technology and
Disaster Management Program to support developing countries in incorporating space-
based solutions in disaster management activities. In this paper an attempt is made to
discuss Disaster Management in the view of importance of Space Technology in Disaster
Management which becomes of immense importance regarding collection of data and
providing it on large area.
INTRODUCTION The human environment is becoming more and more hazardous. Natural disasters
are becoming more frequent. Various disasters like earthquake, landslides, volcanic
eruptions, fires, flood and cyclones are natural hazards that kill thousands of people and
destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property each year. The frequency and
magnitude of natural disasters have increased dramatically over the past three decades.
Records major natural disasters indicate that there were 16 such events in the 1960s, 29 in
the1970s and 68 in the 1980s. In the last decade alone natural hazard resulted deaths of
more than 45000 people, affected 40 million people and caused over $32 billion in
damages.
Overall economic losses due to natural disasters have also increased worldwide.
Overall losses were estimated about US $ 93 billion in the 1980s.
Natural disasters result primarily from geophysical interaction between the
atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. Changes in these interactions can alter the
frequency and magnitude of disasters. With the tropical climate and unstable land forms,
coupled with deforestation, unplanned growth proliferation non-engineered constructions
which make the disaster-prone areas mere vulnerable, tardy communication, poor or no
budgetary allocation for disaster prevention, developing countries suffer more or less
chronically by natural disasters. Among various natural hazards, earthquakes, landslides,
floods and cyclones are the major disasters adversely affecting very large areas.
It is almost impossible to prevent the occurrence of natural disasters and their
damages. However it is possible to reduce the impact of disasters by adopting suitable
disaster mitigation strategies.
DISASTERS When disaster strikes – it strikes hard – otherwise it would not be a disaster.
Among various natural hazards, earthquakes, landslides, floods and cyclones are the
major disasters adversely affecting very large areas and population .These natural
disasters are of:
(i) Geophysical origin such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, land slides etc.,
(ii) Climatic origin such as drought, flood, cyclone, locust, forest fire etc.,
Though it may not be feasible to control nature and to stop the development of
natural phenomena but the efforts could be made to avoid disasters and alleviate their
effects on human lives, infrastructure and property.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT Contingency planning, crisis planning, disaster management, call it what you will,
the critical element is to return your organization back into a recovery position as rapidly
as possible. Returning to normality is the only aim of such a plan.
Disaster Management involves:
Pre-disaster planning, preparedness, monitoring including relief management
capability.
Prediction and early warning.
Damage assessment and relief management.
Disaster Management is a typically multi-disciplinary endeavor, requiring many
types of data with spatial and temporal attributes that should be made available to key
players in right format for decision making. Disaster Management cut across
boundaries including organizational, political, geographical, professional, tropical and
sociological.
STEPS INVOLVED IN DISASTER MANAGEMENTThe steps for all dealing with disasters, no matter their scale, follow the same basic
format.
1) Disaster Preparation
Plans laid out in advance defining priorities and responsibilities in the event of
fire, flood, etc.
Pre-assembled disaster packs or kits for dealing with smaller happenstances.
The contents can be assembled for your specific needs.
2) Disaster Recognition
Simply recognizing the fact that a disaster of some type has occurred is extremely
important. This may seem self evident now but at the time of an occurrence many
people do not grasp the gravity of a situation.
3) On-site Management
Contacting the proper individuals to deal with the situation at hand, such as; a plumber to
repair the damaged pipes, the fire restoration company to clean up the aftermath of a
blaze, Midwest Freeze-Dry in order to preserve and treat any damaged volumes that were
affected.
4) Selection and Execution of the Appropriate Restoration Treatments
What is the proper course of action and treatment for your water or fire damaged