ABSTRACT: Technologies for Aircraft Noise Reduction By ...

ABSTRACT: Technologies for Aircraft Noise Reduction

By Dennis Huff NASA Glenn Research Center

Technologies for aircraft noise reduction have been developed by NASA over the past 15 years through the Advanced Subsonic Technology (AST) Noise Reduction Program and the Quiet Aircraft Technology (QAT) project. This presentation summarizes highlights from these programs and anticipated noise reduction benefits for communities surrounding airports. Historical progress in noise reduction and technologies available for future aircraft/engine development are identified. Technologies address aircraft/engine components including fans, exhaust nozzles, landing gear, and flap systems. New “chevron” nozzles have been developed and implemented on several aircraft in production today that provide significant jet noise reduction. New engines using Ultra-High Bypass (UHB) ratios are projected to provide about 10 EPNdB (Effective Perceived Noise Level in decibels) engine noise reduction relative to the average fleet that was flying in 1997. Audio files are embedded in the presentation that estimate the sound levels for a 35,000 pound thrust engine for takeoff and approach power conditions. The predictions are based on actual model scale data that was obtained by NASA. Finally, conceptual pictures are shown that look toward future aircraft/propulsion systems that might be used to obtain further noise reduction.

1

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Tec

hnol

ogie

s for

Air

craf

t Noi

se R

educ

tion

Den

nis L

. Huf

fC

hief

, Aco

ustic

s Bra

nch

NA

SA G

lenn

Res

earc

h C

ente

rC

leve

land

, Ohi

o

Wes

t Par

k A

irpo

rt C

omm

ittee

Mee

ting

Febr

uary

16,

200

6

2

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Tech

nolo

gy B

enef

it: R

educ

ed N

oise

Exp

osur

e

1997

Bas

elin

eK

ey 55 d

B

65 d

B

Airp

ort

010

Mile

s

20 10 5

•5 d

B R

educ

tion

(TR

L 6)

•Doe

sn’t

mee

t pub

lic

ex

pect

atio

ns•C

onst

rain

ed g

row

th

AST

Tec

hnol

ogy

Ben

efit

(Adv

ance

d Su

bson

ic T

echn

olog

y)

20 10 5

20 10 5

•10

dB

redu

ctio

n •

65 d

B c

onto

ur is

with

in a

irpor

t•

Enab

les

proj

ecte

d ai

r tra

vel g

row

th•

Red

uces

com

mun

ity n

oise

impa

ct

QA

T Te

chno

logy

Ben

efit

(Qui

et A

ircra

ft Te

chno

logy

)

3

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

777-

200

A33

0-30

0

MD

-90-

30

MD

-11 A

320-

200

747-

400

A30

0-60

0R

767-

300E

RA

310-

300

757-

200MD

-87

MD

-82

B-7

47-3

00A

300B

4-62

0

A31

0-22

2

MD

-80

B-7

47-2

00

B-7

47-S

PD

C-1

0-40

B-7

47-2

00A

300

B-7

47-2

00B

-747

-100

B-7

37-2

00B

-737

-200

B-7

27-2

00D

C9-

10

B-7

27-1

00

B-7

27-1

00

-20.

0

-10.

0

0.0

10.0 19

6019

7019

8019

9020

0020

1020

20Ye

ar o

f Cer

tific

atio

n

Ave

rage

N

oise

Leve

l R

elat

ive

to S

tage

3(E

PNdB

)

His

tory

JT3D

, JT8

D, J

T9D

,CF6

,CFM

56C

urre

ntJT

8D-2

00,P

W20

00,P

W40

00,V

2500

,GE9

0,PW

6000

Futu

re G

oals

Stag

e 2

Stag

e 3

Stag

e 4

NA

SA G

oals

for T

echn

olog

y D

evel

opm

ent

Aver

age

in S

ervi

ce

New

Tec

hnol

ogy

Enab

les

Airc

raft

To M

eet F

utur

e R

equi

rem

ents

4

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Flee

t Noi

se

Red

uctio

n,

EPN

dB

Acc

ordi

ng to

a d

ocum

ent f

rom

the

U.S

. Env

ironm

enta

l Pro

tect

ion

Age

ncy

(EPA

) pub

lishe

d in

the

1970

’s, 5

5 LD

N is

the

outd

oor n

oise

exp

osur

e le

vel "

requ

isite

to p

rote

ct th

e pu

blic

hea

lth a

nd w

elfa

re

with

an

adeq

uate

mar

gin

of s

afet

y".

The

phra

se "

heal

th a

nd w

elfa

re"

is d

efin

ed a

s "c

ompl

ete

phys

ical

, men

tal a

nd s

ocia

l wel

l-bei

ng a

nd n

ot m

erel

y th

e ab

senc

e of

dis

ease

and

infir

mity

".

05

101520253035404550

IAD

DFW

BO

SC

VGLA

XM

CO

SFO

OR

DPI

TD

TWM

SPA

TLEW

RJF

KSE

ALG

AZR

H

Airc

raft

Flee

t Noi

se R

educ

tion

Nee

ded

For

55 L

DN

Noi

se C

onto

urs

With

in A

irpor

t Bou

ndar

ies

Ana

lysi

s by

Don

Gar

ber,

NA

SA L

angl

ey, u

sing

Noi

seM

ap

5

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

NA

SA’s

Noi

se R

educ

tion

Res

earc

h Pr

ogra

ms

Engi

ne N

oise

•Fan

Noi

se•J

et N

oise

Airc

raft

Ope

ratio

ns

Airc

raft

Goa

l: 10

dB

Qui

eter

than

199

7 Te

chno

logy

6

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Maj

or E

ngin

e N

oise

Tes

t Fac

ilitie

s at

NA

SA G

lenn

9x15

Win

d Tu

nnel

W8

Fan

Rig

Aer

oAco

ustic

Prop

ulsi

on L

ab

Test

Fac

ilitie

s P

rovi

de C

ompo

nent

-Lev

el N

oise

Ass

essm

ents

7

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Engi

ne N

oise

Sou

rces

(PW

8000

)

(P&

W P

W80

00 E

ngin

e, C

once

ptua

l)

Fan

Stat

or

Com

pres

sorC

ombu

stor

Tur

bineE

xhau

st

Inle

t

8

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Engi

ne N

oise

Red

uctio

n Te

chno

logi

es

Hig

her B

ypas

s Rat

ioSw

ept/L

eane

d St

ator

sSc

arf I

nlet

s

Act

ive

Van

es In

stal

led

on t

he N

ASA

,G

lenn

Act

ive

nois

e Co

ntro

l Fan

Roto

r Bl

ade

Stat

or V

ane

Act

ive

Noi

se C

ontr

olN

oise

Pre

dict

ion

Che

vron

Noz

zles

For

war

d-Sw

ept F

ans

9

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Trai

ling

Edge

Blo

win

g

blow

ing

air

inte

rnal

bla

de p

assa

ges

Test

bed:

AN

CF

Fan

Rig

(TR

L 3)

Test

bed:

9x1

5 W

ind

Tunn

el

Ben

efits

:R

educ

ed F

an N

oise

10

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Trai

ling

Edge

Blo

win

g –

AN

CF

Dem

o

Clic

k H

ere

for A

udio

Dem

o

11

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Jet N

oise

Red

uctio

n W

ith C

hevr

on N

ozzl

es

12

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Engi

ne N

oise

Dia

gnos

tic T

estin

g at

Hon

eyw

ell

Engi

ne:

Hon

eyw

ell H

TF70

00

2005

/06

Engi

ne T

ests

Incl

ude:

•In

tern

al fl

ow m

easu

rem

ents

•

Mic

roph

one

arra

ys to

map

engi

ne a

cous

tic fi

eld

•Fa

n no

ise

mod

al m

easu

rem

ents

•

In-s

itu im

peda

nce

mea

sure

men

t

Noi

se R

educ

tion

Tech

nolo

gies

:•

Forw

ard-

Sw

ept F

an

•A

dvan

ced

acou

stic

line

rs

Smal

l Eng

ine

Test

Sup

port

s B

usin

ess

& R

egio

nal J

et A

pplic

atio

ns

13

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

VAN

Take

-Off

Cru

ise

Low

Noi

se B

ecau

se o

f:•

Low

fan

tip s

peed

•Lo

w je

t exh

aust

vel

ocity

Enab

ling

Tech

nolo

gies

:•

Fan

driv

e ge

ar s

yste

m

•V

aria

ble

area

fan

nozz

le

Add

ition

al N

oise

Red

uctio

n A

dvan

ced

Tech

nolo

gies

Win

d Tu

nnel

Fan

Ope

rabi

lity

Test

P

lann

ed fo

r 200

6

Ultr

a-H

igh

Byp

ass

“Adv

ance

d G

eare

d Tu

rbof

an”

Des

ign

of L

ow N

oise

Eng

ine

Initi

ated

at P

&W

14

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

“Tob

ogga

n”La

ndin

g G

ear F

airin

gs

Ben

efits

:R

educ

ed G

ear N

oise

Flig

ht T

est I

n A

ugus

t 200

5

Sou

rce

Iden

tific

atio

n

Win

d Tu

nnel

Tes

t

15

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Con

tinuo

us L

ine

Mol

d Fl

ap &

Sla

tC

ove

Fille

r Noi

se re

duct

ion

devi

ces

mou

nted

on

win

g in

win

d tu

nnel

Low

-Noi

se W

ing

Bas

elin

e: H

igh

Noi

se R

egio

ns

Ben

efits

:R

educ

ed F

lap

and

Sla

t Noi

se

16

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Mov

ie s

how

s pr

opag

atio

n of

sou

nd to

grid

of g

roun

d re

ceiv

er lo

catio

ns

•R

otor

craf

t (C

H53

E) fl

ight

de

scrip

tion:

–B

egin

s tr

avel

ing

sout

h at

200

0’al

titud

e in

leve

l flig

ht, 1

10kt

s

–Sl

ows

to 5

0kts

, and

then

de

scen

ds a

t 50k

ts to

100

’

–Pe

rfor

ms

90°C

CW

turn

whi

le

mov

ing

east

war

d at

50k

ts

–A

ccel

erat

es to

110

kts

whi

le

clim

bing

to 2

000’

–Tr

avel

s ea

st a

t 110

kts,

then

tu

rns

90°t

o so

uth

and

then

ac

cele

rate

s to

180

kts

Sim

ulat

ion

of S

ound

Pro

paga

ting

to G

roun

d

17

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

•A

maj

or a

irfra

me/

engi

ne o

ppor

tuni

ty is

a B

oein

g 73

7 re

plac

emen

t tha

t will

re

quire

~ 3

5,00

0 lb

thru

st e

ngin

es.

•U

sing

the

best

noi

se re

duct

ion

tech

nolo

gies

und

er d

evel

opm

ent n

ow, w

hat a

re

the

pred

icte

d no

ise

leve

ls fo

r a n

ew e

ngin

e?

•Th

is a

udio

dem

onst

ratio

n co

ntai

ns p

roje

cted

noi

se le

vels

for a

n en

gine

for

sim

ulat

ed ta

keof

f and

app

roac

h po

wer

con

ditio

ns.

It is

bas

ed o

nac

tual

mod

el

scal

e je

t and

fan

data

take

n in

NA

SA

’s w

ind

tunn

els.

Hea

r the

Qui

et A

irpla

nes

of th

e Fu

ture

Con

tact

: Den

nis

L. H

uff

Chi

ef, A

cous

tics

Bra

nch

NA

SA G

lenn

Res

earc

h C

ente

r

18

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Qui

et A

irpla

nes

of th

e Fu

ture

Adv

ance

d En

gine

s &

Airf

ram

e•L

ower

Fan

Tip

Spe

eds

•Low

er J

et E

xit V

eloc

ities

•Var

iabl

e A

rea

Noz

zle

•“So

ft”Fa

n St

ator

Van

es•F

an T

raili

ng E

dge

Blo

win

g•B

ypas

s A

cous

tic S

plitt

er•“

Tobo

ggan

”La

ndin

g G

ear

Fairi

ngs

•Con

tinuo

us M

old

Line

Fla

p•S

lat C

ove

Fille

r

Airp

ort B

ound

ary

Proj

ecte

d le

vel r

equi

red

for

obje

ctio

nabl

e no

ise

to b

e co

ntai

ned

with

in a

irpor

t bo

unda

ry.

Pred

icte

d So

urce

Noi

se R

educ

tion

Rela

tive

to C

urre

nt F

leet

Ave

rage

Ta

ke-O

ff C

ondi

tion

-24

-20

-16

-12-8-40

Cur

rent

Fle

etA

dvan

ced

Engi

nes

&A

irfr

ame

Air

port

Boun

dary

EPNdB

Clic

k on

pic

ture

to

play

sou

nd d

emo:

Inle

t A

ft

Aud

io S

eque

nce

12

3

19

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Qui

et A

irpla

nes

of th

e Fu

ture

Adv

ance

d En

gine

s &

Airf

ram

e•L

ower

Fan

Tip

Spe

eds

•Low

er J

et E

xit V

eloc

ities

•Var

iabl

e A

rea

Noz

zle

•“So

ft”Fa

n St

ator

Van

es•F

an T

raili

ng E

dge

Blo

win

g•B

ypas

s A

cous

tic S

plitt

er•“

Tobo

ggan

”La

ndin

g G

ear

Fairi

ngs

•Con

tinuo

us M

old

Line

Fla

p•S

lat C

ove

Fille

r

Airp

ort B

ound

ary

Proj

ecte

d le

vel r

equi

red

for

obje

ctio

nabl

e no

ise

to b

e co

ntai

ned

with

in a

irpor

t bo

unda

ry.

Pred

icte

d So

urce

Noi

se R

educ

tion

Rela

tive

to C

urre

nt F

leet

Ave

rage

A

ppro

ach

Con

ditio

ns

-24

-20

-16

-12-8-40

Cur

rent

Fle

etA

dvan

ced

Engi

nes

& A

irfr

ame

Air

port

Boun

dary

EPNdB

Clic

k on

pic

ture

to

play

sou

nd d

emo:

Inle

t A

ft

Aud

io S

eque

nce

12

3

20

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

154.

2”Fa

n D

iam

eter

Sing

le F

an O

n B

lend

ed W

ing

Bod

y (B

WB

)

21

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

105.

1”Fa

n D

iam

eter

Dua

l Fan

On

Ble

nded

Win

g B

ody

(BW

B)

22

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Dua

l Fan

–C

once

ptua

l App

licat

ions

23

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

e Ad

min

istra

tion

ww

w.n

asa.

gov

Sum

mar

y•C

onsi

dera

ble

prog

ress

has

bee

n m

ade

over

the

past

15

year

sde

velo

ping

tech

nolo

gies

for a

ircra

ft no

ise

redu

ctio

n.

•NA

SA h

as b

een

wor

king

clo

sely

with

aer

ospa

ce c

ompa

nies

toid

entif

y op

port

uniti

es to

intr

oduc

e ne

w te

chno

logi

es in

toen

gine

s an

d ai

rcra

ft.

•Lim

ited

tech

nolo

gies

are

retr

ofit-

able

, mos

t will

requ

irede

velo

pmen

t with

new

veh

icle

s.

•Ben

efits

nea

r airp

orts

are

incr

emen

tal d

ue to

slo

w tu

rnov

erfr

om e

xist

ing

airc

raft

to n

ewer

airc

raft

with

bet

ter n

oise

redu

ctio

n te

chno

logi

es.

•Tec

hnol

ogie

s ex

ist t

oday

to p

rodu

ce a

ircra

ft/en

gine

com

bina

tions

that

can

mov

e th

e av

erag

e 65

LD

N n

oise

con

tour

near

the

airp

ort b

ound

arie

s if

the

entir

e fle

et w

ere

repl

aced

.