PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM SRI INTERNATIONAL Abstract Menlo Park, California 94025 Process Economics Program Report No. 187A ADVANCES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT (December 1993) This report is a supplement to PEP Report 187, December 1966, on the same subject. It brings up to date the environmental legislation in the United States, the European Community, Germany, and Japan. It also summarizes the progress of chemical waste reduction and treatment in the U.S. chemical industry. The report reviews and summarizes the progress of innovative technologies for hazardous waste treatment and waste site remediation currently under develop- ment in the United States. Besides the qualitative assessments, we have developed capital and treatment cost esti- mates for the following three processes: l Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for treating an acrylonitrile plant wastewater-an emerging technology. l Wet air oxidation (WAO) for treating an ethylene plant caustic scrubbing liquor at 100 and 400 psig-a commercial technology. l UV oxidation for detoxifying an organics contaminated groundwater-a commercial technology. In addition to the cost estimates, we also present in the last section of the report a tabulation of the current market prices for treatment and landfill of chemical wastes at a commercial disposal site in California. The comprehensive coverage in this report on environmental legislation, technical ad- vances, and economics for selected technologies provides a valuable data source for process engineers, environmental engineers, planners, and administrators who select or operate chemi- cal waste treatment systems. PEP’90 JJLM
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PROCESS ECONOMICS
PROGRAM SRI INTERNATIONAL
Abstract
Menlo Park, California
94025
Process Economics Program Report No. 187A
ADVANCES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT
(December 1993)
This report is a supplement to PEP Report 187, December 1966, on the same subject. It brings up to date the environmental legislation in the United States, the European Community, Germany, and Japan. It also summarizes the progress of chemical waste reduction and treatment in the U.S. chemical industry. The report reviews and summarizes the progress of innovative technologies for hazardous waste treatment and waste site remediation currently under develop- ment in the United States.
Besides the qualitative assessments, we have developed capital and treatment cost esti- mates for the following three processes:
l Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for treating an acrylonitrile plant wastewater-an emerging technology.
l Wet air oxidation (WAO) for treating an ethylene plant caustic scrubbing liquor at 100 and 400 psig-a commercial technology.
l UV oxidation for detoxifying an organics contaminated groundwater-a commercial technology.
In addition to the cost estimates, we also present in the last section of the report a tabulation of the current market prices for treatment and landfill of chemical wastes at a commercial disposal site in California.
The comprehensive coverage in this report on environmental legislation, technical ad- vances, and economics for selected technologies provides a valuable data source for process engineers, environmental engineers, planners, and administrators who select or operate chemi- cal waste treatment systems.
PEP’90 JJLM
Report No. 187A
ADVANCES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT
SUPPLEMENT A
by JAMES J. L. MA
with contributions by
ANTHONY PAVONE
December 1993
A private report by the
PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM
Menlo Park, California 94025
I I For detailed marketing data and information, the reader is referred to one of the SRI
programs specializing In marketing research. The CHEMICAL ECONOMICS HANDBOOK
Program covers most major chemicals and chemical products produced in the United
States and the WORLD PETROCHEMICALS Program covers major hydrocarbons and their
derivatives on a worldwide basis. In addition, the SRI DIRECTORY OF CHEMICAL
PRODUCERS services provide detailed lists of chemical producers by company, product,
and plant for the United States, Western Europe, Canada, and East Asia.
APPENDIX E: PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS ..,,.....,.....,....,,.....,....... E-l
9-4
9-4
a6
9-6
9-8
9-15
9-15
415
9-15
9-16
9-17
lo-l
lo-l
lo-l
10-2
10-2
10-2
- vii -
ILLUSTRATIONS
4.1 SO, Emission Limits for New Plants Using Solid Fuels- European Community ,..................,........................... 4-5
4.2 SOz Emission Limits for New Plants Using Liquid Fuels- European Community ,........,..,....,.,............,.,,........... 4-6
7.1 Treatment of Acryfonitrile Plant Wastewater by the Supercritical Water Oxidation Process Process Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..m.......... E-3
7.2 Treatment of Acrylonitrile Plant Wastewater by the Supercritical Water Oxidation Process Effect of Capacity on Capital Investment ,..,..,,,,,,,.................I 7-17
7.3 Treatment of Acrylonitrile Plant Wastewater by the Supercriiical Water Oxidation Process Effect of Capacity and Operating Level on Total Treatment Cost . , . . . . . . . . 7-l 8
8.1 Treatment of Ethylene Plant Caustic Scrubbing Liquor by an Air Oxidation Process Process Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I... ,....... . m.. E-5
8.2 Treatment of Ethylene Plant Scrubbing Liquor by an Air Oxidation Process Effect of Capacity on Capital Investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
8.3 Treatment of Ethylene Plant Scrubbing Liquor by an Air Oxidation Process Effect of Capacity on Total Treament Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
9.1 A Typical Lamp Layout in a UV/Ozone Oxidation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
9.2 Treatment of Organics Contaminated Water by an Advanced UV Oxidation Process Process Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I.................. E-7
9.3 Treatment of Solvents Contaminated Water by an Advanced UV Oxidation Process Effect of Capacity on Capital Investment . . . . . ..*....................... 9-21
9.4 Treatment of Organics Contaminated Water by an Advanced UV Oxidation Process Effect of Capacity and Operating Level on Total Treatment Cost . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
-ix-
TABLES
2.1 Summaty’of Economics for Contaminated Water Treatment Processes . . . . 2-5
3.1 Major Environmental Legislation in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
7.2 Treatment of Acrylonitrile Plant Wastewater by the Supercritical Water Oxidation Process Design and Estimate Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
TABLES (Continued)
7.3 Treatment of Acrylonitrile Plant Wastewater by the Supercritical Water Oxidation Process Mass Flows . . . . . . ..a.................... m.......................... 7-8
7.4 Traatment of Acrylonitrile Plant Wastewater by the Supercritical Water Oxidation Process
8.8 Treatment of Ethylene Plant Scrubbing Liquor by a Medium Pressure Air Oxidation Process Total Capital Investment *.....,.......m........m..*...........,...... 8-15
8.9 Treatment of Ethylene Plant Scrubbing Liquor by
8.10 Treatment of Ethylene Plant Scrubbing Liquor by a Medium Pressure Air Oxidation Process Production Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I................................... a18
9.6 Treatment of Organics Contaminated Water by an Advanced UV Oxidation Process Major Equipment ,..........,,,..................................... 9-13
9.7 Treatment of Organ& Contaminated Water by
an Advanced UV Oxidation Process Utilities Summary ~............,,...........,.,,..................... 9-14
9.8 Treatment of Organ& Contaminated Water by an Advanced UV Oxidation Process Total Capital Investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
9.9 Treatment of Organics Contaminated Water by an Advanced UV Oxidation Process Production Costs ,.............,.................................... 9-l 9
10.1 Landfill and Surface Impoundment Prices ............................. 10-3