Abstract Keywords: IJSER...Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury . is a final year studentof B.Sc in Computer Science and Engineering at Daffodil International University.His research interests include

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X Band W-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna Design and Simulation with U-Slotted Ground

Plane for the Wireless Communication Systems.

Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury , A. M. Jehadul Islam.

Daffodil International University (DIU). Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract: In this paper, a X Band with W-shaped microstrip patch antenna is proposed and analyzed.The antenna is probe feed with an impedance matching of 50 ohms.A parametric study is performed by the probe feed location and the Return Loss is observed. The simulation results of the parameters like VSWR, Return loss, Radiation pattern etc.,satisfied the theoretical con-ditions. The frequency of antenna is 10.5 GHz with a ground plane having multiple inverted U-shaped slots. Designing and si-mulation of this antenna has been done by IE3d Software.This frequency is used for Satellite communications, Radar,Terrestrial communications and networking,Space communications,Amateur radio,Motion detectors and traffic light crossing detectors. Keywords: IE3D, Return Loss, W-shaped patch antenna, VSWR, Wireless application.

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1 INTRODUCTION microstrip patch antenna is a low profile anten-na that has a number of advantages over oth-

er antennas. It is lightweight, inexpensive and easy to integrate with accompanying electronics but a draw-back is narrow bandwidth.Many techniques are intro-duced to overcome narrow bandwidth. One of the tech-niques is using parasitic elements. Another technique is utilization of thick substrates with less dielectric constant . Because of large inductance introduced by increased length of probe feed, it also not achieved more band-width. By using stacked patches, enhancement in band-width is obtained but has a complexity infabrication. The addition of U-shaped slots increased the impedance bandwidth. The use of impedance matching and feeding techniques and slot antenna geometry also improved the bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna.With the rapid development of Wireless communications, slotted single patch antennas with wide bandwidth have gained more importance.A single layer microstrip patch antenna is designed for X band applications. 2 PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN PROCEDURE : The proposed antenna has dimensions of 10 mm x 10 mm. It is prototyped on FR4 substrate of with dielectric constant, εr = 4.3,substrate of thickness (h) = 1.6 mm, loss tangent (tanδ) = 0.002 and fed by Co-axial probe having an impedance of 50 ohms. The model consists of a W shaped patch with inverted U-shaped slots are made on ground plane which has arm length of 1.5 mm. To increase the bandwidth of the antenna, nine Inverted

U-shaped slots are used.

Figure 1: Proposed W-shaped Antenna Model (Before Using Feed)

Dielectric constant is defined as the measure of degree to which an EM wave is slowed down as it travels through the material. So, a low value of dielectric con-stant material is chosen to avoid the storage of charge in

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the substrate, EM wave should be reflected by the sub-strate and not absorbed.

Figure 2. Proposed antenna geometry with probe feed at x,y (-2,3) The proposed model is analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator. The simulation results show that Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is less than 2 in the operating frequency range. This model resonates at multiple frequencies with less return losses. An accept-able Gain is achieved and the radiation patterns are quasi omni-directional patterns. Variations in the Return Loss are observed by varying the feed location. An ob-servation is made to find the impedance matching loca-tion by varying the feed locations. The simulation re-sults of practical importance like Return Loss, VSWR, Gain and Radiation Pattern are analyzed and discussed. 3 ANTENNA CONFIGURATION: Optimum values of the structural parameters of the an-tenna as follows. Width of the patch, w 8.8 mm Length of the patch, L 6.2 mm Height of the substrate, h 1.6 mm Dielectric constant, εr 4.3 Width of the ground plane,Wg 10 mm Length of the ground plane, Lg 10 mm Tangent loss, (tanδ) 0.002 U-slot length and wide 1.5 mm & 2.5 mm

4 Simulated Result of Proposed Antenna:

A probe fed W-shaped Microstrip patch antenna with Inverted U-shaped slots in ground plane prototyped on dielectric substrate which has a dielectric constant of 4.3 is simulated using IE3D by the feed location, the varia-tions in Return Loss are plotted and represented in Fig-ure 3. The proposed model is analysed for t feed loca-tions (-2 mm, 3 mm).

Figure 3: Frequency vs. Return Loss

The proposed model resonates at 6.92124 GHz, 8.79184 GHz and 9.93108 GHz. The Return Loss at the resonant frequencies is -24.775 dB, -14.1417 dB and -29.9083 respectively. The bandwidth of this model is 3.2477 GHz. The Frequency versus Return Loss plot is shown in figure 3. Bandwidth *100 Bandwidth For 1st Curve: *100 = 7.258% Bandwidth For 2nd Curve: *100 = 2.993% Bandwidth For 3rd Curve: *100 = 2.890%

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Figure 4: VSWR vs. Frequency The measure of reflected power of an antenna is defined as Voltage Wave Standing Ratio (VSWR) and the per-missible limit is less than 2. Figure 4 shows the VSWR and it is less than 2 in the operating range. The VSWR at the resonant frequencies is are 1.12658, 1.1111, 1.47222 and 1.02778 respectively.

Figure 5: Field Gain Vs. Frequency

For a transmitting antenna, Gain is defined as the mea-surement of the efficiency of converting input power to radio waves in a specified direction and vice versa for

receiving antenna. Antenna gain is measured with re-spect to a hypothetical lossless Isotropic antenna and hence the units are dBi. For the proposed antenna, the Antenna gain is shown in figure 5. The plot is Theta ver-sus gain and it shows a peak gain of 4 dBi at 6.87654 GHz.

Figure 6: Directivity versus angle for f = 3.4 GHz at 𝜑𝜑=90 in polar

co-ordinate

Figure-7: 3D Polar Plot of Directivity.

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Figure-8: Efficiency Vs. Frequency curve.( Efficiency is 64.9877% at 4.48148 GHz)

5 CONCLUSION:

In this article, A probe fed W-shaped microstrip patch antenna with Inverted U-shaped slots in ground is de-signed for wide band wireless applications. The antenna is very compact with minute dimensions of 10 mm x 10 mm Dielectric substrate. A comparative analysis is made for the identification of impedance matching the feed location. All the parameters like Return Loss, VSWR, Gain and Radiation patterns etc., are appreciable and can be used for wireless applications like for Satellite communications, Radar, Terrestrial communications and networking, Space communications,Amateur radio,Mtion detectors and traffic light crossing detectors. etc.

6 FUTURE WORK: We are interested to do more research such as by using different antenna shapes, using different feeding meth-ods, by changing the feed locations etc. ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

We would like to thanks to Electrical and Electronic En-gineering Department of Daffodil International Univer-sity, Dhaka for providing the help to carry out of our work. REFERENCES: [1] Ramesh Garg, Prakash Bhartia, Inder Bahl, Apisak Ittipi-boon,“Microstrip Antenna Design Hand Book”, Artech House, Norwood, MA, 2001. [2] S.-H. Wi, J.-M. Kim, T.-H. Yoo, H.-J. Lee, J.-Y. Park, J.-G. Yook, and H.-K. Park, “Bow-tie-shaped meander slot antenna for 5 GHz application,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Antenna and Propagation, Jun. 2002, vol. 2, pp. 456–459. [3] D.M.Pozzar,“Mcrstrip Antenna Coupled to Microstrip-line”, Electron Lett., Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 49-50, January 1995. [4] Fan Yang, Xue-Xia Zhang, Xiaoning Ye, and Yahya Rahmat-Samii, “Wide-Band E-Shaped Patch Antennas for Wireless Com-munications”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas And Propagation, Vol. 49, No. 7, July 2001 [5] Constanantine A.Balanis,“Antenna Theory Analysis and De-sign”, John Weily & Sons, New York, 2005. [6] Girish Kumar, K.P. Ray,“Broadband Micro strip Antennas”, Artech House Boston. London, 2003. [7] R. Bhalla and L. Shafai, “Resonance Behavior of Single U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Letf., 32, 5, 2002, pp. 333-33s. AUTHORS PROFILE: [1] Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury is a final year student of B.Sc in Computer Science and Engineering at Daffodil International University.His research interests include various microstrip patch antennas,Computer Networks & Communication,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,Digital Communi-cation and Data Communication, Computer Graphics & Copmuter Aided design. Phone: +8801723929810 Email: [email protected] [2] A. M. Jehadul Islam is a final year student of B.Sc in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Daffodil International University. His universi-ty ID is 131-33-1256. His research interests include various micro strip patch antennas, Mobile communica-tion, Wireless & Satellite Communica-tion, Digital Communication and Data Communication. Phone: +8801732664605 Email: [email protected]

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