ABSTRACT BOOK - School of Nursing, The Hong Kong ...

The Asia Pacific Emergency

and Disaster Nursing Network (APEDNN)

Annual Conference 2018

Disaster Capacity and Resilience Building: Nursing Contributions

15 -16 November, 2018

Angkor Paradise Hotel, Siem Reap, Kingdom of Cambodia

ABSTRACT BOOK

APEDNN Annual Conference 2018

Content

Programme Schedule ……………………………………………………. P.2

Plenary Session

- Plenary Session 1 ……………………………………………………. P.5



Expert Panel Discussion ……………………………………………………. P.21

Concurrent Session

- Concurrent Session 1 ……………………………………………………. P.25




Poster Presentation ……………………………………………………. P.38

1

APEDNN Annual Conference 2018 Conference Programme

Programme Schedule

Conference Date: 15 – 16 November

Pre-conference meeting (Core group members only): 14 November, 14:30 – 17:30

Post-conference meeting (Core group members only): 17 November, 09:00 – 12:00

Day 1 - 15 November 2018

Time Speakers Moderators

09:00 Opening Ceremony

Dr Elizabeth IRO

Chief Nursing Officer, WHO

Prof. Alex MOLASIOTIS

Chair Professor of Nursing and Head of School, School of Nursing;

Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Health

Services, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR

Prof. Yajai SITTIMONGKOL

Dean, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand

HE Prof Mam BUNHENG

Minster of Health, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Cambodia

Dr Caryn WEST

09:40 APEDNN Long Service Award Presentation

Presented by Dr Elizabeth IRO

Awardees: Sheila BONITO, Sunshine CHAN, Kathleen FRITSCH,

Sijian LI, Lidia MAYNER, Prakin SUCHAXAYA, Kristine

QURESHI, Orapan THOSINGHA, Josefina TUAZON, Caryn

WEST and Aiko YAMAMOTO

Prof. Alex

MOLASIOTIS

09:45 Photo Session

Coffee Break

11:00 Plenary Session 1

1. Mrs Kathleen FRITSCH – APEDNN: Its’ Origins, Progress

and Future...

2. Prof. Aiko YAMAMOTO – The Model of Paring Support

Activities between Two Schools of Nursing in Two Universities

after the Great East Japan Earthquake

3. Dr Hyewon KIM – Core Competency of Nurses at Regional

Trauma Centers in South Korea

Prof. Josefina

TUAZON

Lunch


1. Prof. Jeyalindha DURAIRAJ – Trauma Nurse Practitioner

towards Capacity Building in Disaster Management

2. Prof. Sonoe MASHINO – Psychosocial Distress of Disaster

Responders

3. Dr Lidia MAYNER – Climate Variability and Health

Resilience

Prof. Sheila

BONITO

Coffee Break

2

APEDNN Annual Conference 2018 Conference Programme

16:00 Concurrent Session 1 Dr Orapan

THOSINGHA

16:00 Concurrent Session 2 Dr Sunshine

CHAN

18:00 Conference Dinner

Day 2 - 16 November 2018

Time Speakers Moderators


1. Dr Lisa CONLON – One Size Does Not Fit All - The Need

to Design Appropriate Emergency and Disaster Nursing

Education

2. Dr Virya KOY – Integration Nursing Disaster: Competency-

based Curriculum

3. Prof. Josefina TUAZON – Developments on Capacity-

building and Disaster Preparedness for Students and

Professional Nurses in the Philippines

Prof. Alice YUEN

LOKE

Coffee Break

11:00 Expert Panel Discussion on Capacity and Resilience Building

Prof. Sheila BONITO

HE Sokha KHUN

Dr Timothy SIM

Dr Caryn WEST

Dr Lidia MAYNER

& Prof. Alex

MOLASIOTIS

Lunch

14:30 Concurrent Session 3 Dr Sijian LI

14:30 Concurrent Session 4 Dr Olivia FUNG

Coffee Break

16:30 Closing Ceremony

Prof. Alice YUEN LOKE

Co-secretariat of APEDNN

Professor & Associate Head, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong

Polytechnic University, HKSAR

Dr Orapan THOSINGHA

Co-secretariat of APEDNN

Head, Department of Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing,

Mahidol University, Thailand

HE Dr Vandine OR

Director General of Technical General Department, Ministry of

Health, Kingdom of Cambodia

3

APEDNN Annual Conference 2018 Plenary Session

Plenary Session

4


Plenary Session 1

APEDNN: Its’ Origins, Progress and Future...

Kathleen Fritsch

Former Regional Nursing Adviser

WHO Western Pacific Region (retired)

Biography

Mrs Kathleen Fritsch is a former Regional Adviser in Nursing at the World Health Organization Office for

the Western Pacific Region. Prior to working with the World Health Organization, she had assumed roles

of pediatric, adult, and family nurse practitioner, nurse educator, as well as nurse administrator in the United

States. She had also worked in Fiji, Tonga, Western Samoa, and Cook Islands. During the 14 years in the

Western Pacific Regional Office, she was instrumental in initiating nursing and midwifery-related disaster

management work within the region and beyond. After her retirement, she continued to be an active

contributor to the Asia Pacific Emergency and Disaster Nursing Network.

Abstract

Nurses and midwives practicing in the Asia and the Pacific Region often work in very resource-constrained

environments, striving to promote and improve patients' and population health in the context of changing

demographic, epidemiologic trends and economic, socio-cultural and political environments. Yet, no matter

what country or what environment, nurses, midwives and all other health professionals must deal with

recurring and increasing emergencies and disasters of all types and complexities, posing widespread and

sustained public health threats. The Asia and Pacific Emergency and Disaster Nursing Network (APEDNN)

was formed in 2007 to optimally equip nurses and midwives to more fully implement their critical roles in

disaster preparedness, risk reduction, mitigation, response and recovery.

An historical review of the APEDNN’s aims, guiding principles, processes, work and potential future

endeavours will be presented. Disasters continue to pose significant challenges in the context of many

struggling health systems, under-resourced health facilities and long-standing inadequate human resource

capacities. The APEDNN, formed by WHO and nursing and midwifery leaders, following a needs

assessment of member states, aimed to reduce the impact of emergencies and disasters on communities,

improve service delivery and community resilience through education, research, and capacity-building of

nurses, midwives and other health workers.

A group of committed network members voluntarily constitute its’ core working group, which initiates and

guides its strategic development work, together with the network’s rotating Secretariat. The network’s aim

and strategic objectives were established in 2007 and a capacity-building curricular blueprint developed

based on the ICN/WHO Disaster Nursing Competencies. In addition to a number of research studies and

publications by network members, a network conceptual framework, research action framework, and a

monitoring and evaluation assessment tool were formulated. Country level disaster education, research and

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capacity-building initiatives continue, as well as skill-building sessions at annual meetings, and two Pacific

Open Learning Health Net (POLHN) courses, Psychosocial Health and Disaster and Infection Prevention

and Control Training, have been launched.

The seriousness of emergencies and disasters necessitates the continued full engagement of the nursing and

midwifery sector in disaster prevention, response and recovery work, in partnership with other stakeholders

and professionals. The extent to which this happens at country, provincial and institutional level varies.

While APEDNN meetings continue nearly annually, we must always strive to implement, evaluate and

report on disaster work in countries, not only to demonstrate outcomes, but to better prepare our

communities and populations for increasingly complex disasters. Based on network experiences, lessons

learned and challenges facing us, let us ask and discuss four questions, to facilitate our future work together:

What would strengthen APEDNN communication and work amongst members between meetings?

How can nursing and midwifery leaders report on and share their emergency and disaster work and

outcomes more effectively?

Is APEDNN still needed? Why or why not?

What do you foresee as the future of APEDNN? How can you and your institution contribute to

the work of APEDNN?

6


The Model of Paring Support Activities between Two Schools of Nursing in Two

Universities after The Great East Japan Earthquake

Aiko Yamamoto

Professor and Prospective Dean

Faculty of Nursing

Shitennoji University

Japan

Biography

Dr Yamamoto is now a Professor and Prospective Dean at Faculty of Nursing, Shitennoji University, Osaka,

Japan. She retired from the Graduate School of Nursing Art & Science, University of Hyogo in March,

2018.

She had earned her PhD from University of Texas at Austin, USA. She had responsibility for teaching

disaster nursing in Master and Doctoral program. She has also developed Undergraduate and Graduate

Degree Program in disaster nursing. She also contributed to develop the Japan Society of Disaster Nursing

(JSDN) and the World Society of Disaster Nursing (WSDN). She supported to establish Academic society

for disaster nursing in China, Korea, Iran, and others based on her experiences.

She was the principal investigator of the 21st Century Center of Excellence Program titled ‘Development

of a Center of Excellence for Disaster Nursing in a Ubiquitous Society’ funded by Japanese Government

from 2003 to 2007.

She is recognized her various activities for development of disaster nursing knowledge, and received the

Performance Award from Japan Society of Disaster Nursing in 2008.

Presently, she is cooperative member of Science Council of Japan, and the Board member of Japan

Association of Nursing Academies with responsibility for cooperation among member academies in

disaster nursing.

Abstract

Recently disaster strikes many places in the world. It is necessary to prepare against disasters. The purpose

of this presentation was to explain on the paring support activities implemented by two schools of nursing

at two universities after the Great East Japan Earthquake. The model for paring support activities provided

by Universities in order to maintain/promote health conditions among survivors after disaster was

developed. Two universities are Miyagi University located in disaster area and University of Hyogo

experiencing the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995 located in outside of the Great East Japan

Earthquake area. The research was approved by Research Ethics Committee at University of Hyogo.

The paring support activities started just after the Earthquake and continued for five years. The activities

were included the following three.

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1) To develop corporation and collaboration between two universities with activities such as collecting

and transmission of information, sharing experiences, providing necessary knowledge, supply,

manpower, consultation for activities and others.

2) To develop corporation and collaboration among other support organizations including sharing

information, recommending concrete behaviors in order to maintain/promote survivors’ health and

others.

3) Implementations of health support activities, including home visit, health consultation, and refer the

person to hospital who needs medical care. Through health support activities the following health issues

were observed: aggravation of chronic disease, increased sugar/calorie/body weight,

decreased/increased amount of activity, insomnia, fear of quake, and others. Based on these activities

and health conditions among survivors as previously explained, the model for paring support activities

among universities will be proposed from both the view point of University outside of disaster area and

University inside of the area. This research was supported by Japan Association of Nursing Programs

in Universities.

Co-researchers: Shihori Katsunuma1, Kumiko Sasaki1, Yuuko Fujiwara2, Akiko Kurotaki4, Yuuko Ushio3,

Miho Takami3, Kazuko Takahasi1, Etsuko Shiono1, Toshiko Yoshida1, Youko Nonami3

1.Miyagi University School of Nursing, 2.College of Nursing Art & Science, University of Hyogo, 3.Research Institute of Nursing Care for People & Community,

University of Hyogo, 4.Kobe Women’s University

8


Core Competency of Nurses at Regional Trauma Centers in South Korea

Hyewon Kim

Associate Professor

Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy

South Korea

Biography

Dr Hyewon Kim is a Major and an Associate Professor in the Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy.

During the past ten years, she has significant contribution in curriculum development and teaching for

military nursing. She has also been assigned to be the Head of Military Health Policy Research Center

because of her continued and outstanding efforts in translating research into teaching and practice and wide

publication.

Abstract

Aims

The purpose of this study is to grasp core competency and related factors of trauma nurses at regional trauma

centers in South Korea.

Methods

The study was a cross-sectional survey design. Through convenient sampling, 175 trauma nurses were

recruited from 5 regional trauma centers in South Korea. The data were collected by using the self-reported

structured questionnaire including core competency of trauma nurse. The data were analyzed using

descriptive statistics, t-test, χ2-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

The mean score of core competency of trauma nurses was 3.64±0.55, and the mean scores of sub-scales

were comfort enhancer 3.77±0.64, clinical knowledge 3.71±0.59, partner/guide/health education 3.62±0.66,

coordinator 3.56±0.72, risk management 3.58±0.58 each. The related factors of core competency of trauma

nurses were age, education level, working experience, and working period at the unit. Multiple regression

analysis showed that education (β=.18, p=.02) & explained 9.4% of core competency of nurses at regional

trauma centers.

Conclusions

The findings revealed that nurses at regional trauma centers are in need of structured educations for

specialized trauma nursing before being assigned to regional trauma centers and continuing education

periodically to enhance their core competency of trauma nursing.

9


Plenary Session 2

Trauma Nurse Practitioner towards Capacity Building in Disaster Management

Jeyalindha Durairaj

Professor

College of Nursing

Christian Medical College

India

Biography

Mrs. Jeyalindha Durairaj completed her BSc Nursing and Msc Nursing (Medical and Surgical Nursing)

from the College of Nursing, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, India. She started her nursing

career as a staff nurse in the year 1994 and currently working as a professor in the same institution. Since

2002 she has been working as Nurse Manager in the Emergency Department of CMC, Vellore. She is

interested in patient care, management and teaching particularly emergency and disaster nursing to nursing

students. She is the resource person to various state level disaster management training programmes.

Abstract

Introduction

India, with its vast territory, large population and different geoclimatic conditions is one of the most disaster

prone countries in the world. The recent and frequent disasters in India highlight the need for health care

workers to be involved in disaster management towards managing the health related hazards and

consequences. The emergency nurses are the frontline health care workers who respond to disasters

immediately. Hence it is mandatory to train emergency nurses on disaster management in order to provide

effective management during disasters.

Concept of Nurse Practitioner

The nurse practitioners, though the concept is very new in Asian countries can take up independent and

collaborative roles in disaster management. The College of Nursing, Christian Medical College (CMC),

Vellore in India is trying hard to initiate Trauma Care System led by Trauma Nurse Practitioners through

which the emergency and trauma nurses can become competent in disaster management which can serve

as a model to the country.

Contribution of College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore

The Tamilnadu Dr.M.G.R Medical University, Chennai has recognized the College of Nursing, CMC,

Vellore as the resource centre to train nursing students on disaster management. The Baccalaureate nursing

students of the state of Tamilnadu in India are trained on disaster nursing competencies on a 2 days

workshop. The Nurses and Midwives council of Tamilnadu has developed a module based online disaster

management training for nurses of Tamilnadu and the module for this training was prepared by the College

of Nursing, CMC, Vellore. The nursing faculty of Emergency Department were involved in training the

Nurses who work in Government sectors on Mass Casualty Management and organise disaster response

10


programmes and disaster materials when need arises. During the recent Kerala floods (August, 2018), three

teams including nurses responded to the health care needs of the survivors of the flood.

The disaster research is in its primitive stage. It requires fully committed and dedicated nurse leaders

(Practitioners) to take up the interdisciplinary and collaborative research on various forms of disaster

management.

Conclusion

The challenge before CMC is to initiate the Nurse Practitioner Programme in Trauma Nursing with specific

job descriptions so that they can take the lead role in Disaster Management.

11


Psychosocial Distress of Disaster Responders

Sonoe Mashino

Executive Director and Professor

Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community

University of Hyogo

Japan

Biography

Sonoe Mashino, RN, PHN, PhD, is the Executive Director and Professor of Research Institute of Nursing

Care for People and Community, University of Hyogo, Japan. The Institute is designated as the WHO

Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Management for Health. For over 15 years, she has taught nursing

leadership and management for undergraduate and graduate levels. She also made a contribution on the

development of curriculum for disaster nursing in Japan. Currently she is interested in the capacity building

for nurses in disaster risk management and the curriculum development using clinical simulations in nursing

education. She is also a faculty member of Disaster Nursing Global Leader program at Graduate School of

Nursing Art & Science, University of Hyogo.

Abstract

Mental health of disaster victims has been drawing great attention as an important objective. Psychological

aftereffects of extremely high stress are psychological trauma, and psychiatric abnormalities due to

psychological trauma are known as the post-traumatic response. The majority of post-traumatic responses

are transitory, and the degree of symptoms is also mild. However, there are also symptoms that become

chronic, and have an impact on the person’s subsequent social life.

General victims are not the only ones who are affected physically and psychologically by a disaster; disaster

responders are no exception. There are an increasing number of studies on the effects of disasters on the

mental health of disaster responders. For example, the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is

known to increase in disaster responders such as firefighters and police officers by their carrying out support

activities in the disaster site. Based on the research conducted on the mental health of these disaster

responders, fire and police departments and the self-defense force, in particular, have been systematically

attempting to implement mental health measures for disaster responders. In contrast, there have been little

efforts to conduct research or introduce systematic measures for physicians, nurses, and other disaster

medical responders who engage in medical activities during disasters.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms can impact functionality in social life and work performance. In many

individuals, persistent post-traumatic response after fulfilling their duties in activities on the disaster site

lower their job motivation, and impair adequate thinking and decision making capacities, ultimately

disabling them from continuing their work. Mental health measures for disaster responders should be

continuous, and start before they enter the activity, and continue during and after completion of their

activities. Moreover, measures provided by individuals and systematic measures provided by support

organizations are both essential.

12


Climate Variability and Health Resilience

Lidia Mayner

Associate Professor

College of Nursing and Heath Sciences

Flinders University

Australia

Biography

Dr Lidia Mayner is an Associate Professor at Flinders University in South Australia. Her research interest

are: disaster nursing, health resilience and public health related to older people’s well being after a disaster.

Abstract

Globally there is an increase in the number and severity of extreme weather events. It is not unusual

nowadays to see different areas in any one country such as in Australia and U.S.A experiencing different

extreme weather conditions at the same time. Heat waves, wild fires, floods, hurricanes, cyclones may

have catastrophic consequences not only to property, buildings and the environment but also affect the

health of people and have the potential to cause major disruption to the health care system. Unequivocally,

climatic changes have resulted in extreme weather conditions which are having a definite impact on health.

Extreme heat has been recognised and at times referred to as the “silent disaster”. Extreme heat conditions

have been shown to be responsible for high mortality rates and causing major health problems affecting the

cardiovascular, urinary, digestive, respiratory systems including mental health issues in many countries and

affecting those most vulnerable in the community namely children and older people.

Climatic changes and seasonal variability are altering the epidemiology of climate sensitive pathogens in

that health conditions which were traditionally seen in specific seasons are no longer restricted to any one

season. This in particular is affecting certain respiratory infections in relation to the location in which they

are now seen and time of year they are occurring.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has provided a framework to build health resilience and to increase

the adaptive capacity to deal with climatic changes and variability and to ensure that there are choices and

opportunities for continued health outcomes. In order to increase resilience and adapt to climatic variability,

the functions of the health systems should be specific and strengthened.

13


Plenary Session 3

One Size Does Not Fit All –

The Need to Design Appropriate Emergency and Disaster Nursing Education

Lisa Conlon

Director of Pre-registration Programs

Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery (Sydney Nursing School)

The University of Sydney

Australia

Biography

Dr Lisa Conlon is a senior lecturer and the Director of Pre-registration Programs at The Susan Wakil School

of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sydney, Australia. Lisa has worked as a Royal Australian

Navy Nursing Officer and internationally for over 20 years. During her military service, she deployed to

Antarctica twice and as a United Nations Peace Keeper in Timor Leste, as a member of the trauma

resuscitation team. She has worked closely with defence force and civilian members of the United States,

Canada and the United Kingdom as a health analyst. Her specialty areas include; emergency and disaster

nursing, nursing management and perioperative nursing.

After leaving the Australian Defence Force, Lisa commenced her career as an academic. She has developed

(in close collaboration with international colleagues) and conducted emergency and disaster courses for the

World Health Organisation in China, Papua New Guinea and Samoa. Her doctoral research examined the

management and educational preparation of military trauma team members. Her current research examines

the preparation of healthcare personnel for emergency and disaster situations. She has recently returned to

Australia after living and working in Sweden and Denmark for seven years. Lisa is a proud core member

of the Asia Pacific Emergency and Disaster Nursing Network.

Abstract

In the development of nursing education programs for emergency and disaster preparation, it necessary to

devote sufficient time at the start, to distilling, understanding, confirming, and analysising the specific needs

of all relevant stakeholders. This important preparatory work increases the likelihood that the right

expectations are known and can be fulfilled, and helps ensure that development time and effort is efficiently

used. Amongst many other important considerations, course designers and curriculum developers must

assess the level of expertise of the participants and evaluate the scope, complexity and sophistication of

practice that these individuals will work at during such an event. Course designers need to investigate and

appreciate the nature, circumstances of the immediate and peripheral environment, of each emergency and

disaster situation(s) that the education program is to address. One example is that the education program

should appropriately take into account cultural and specific communities needs before, during and in

response to an emergency or disaster event, and after the event.

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It is acknowledge that pre-existing, ‘off the shelf’ programs may be immediately implemented in response

to emergencies and disasters. However, in preparation for emergency and disaster response(s), these ‘off

the shelf’ programs must be reviewed and tailored to meet the needs of the nurses, their directors and

coordinators, and the community recipients of their care.

The purpose of this presentation is to identify and explore the broad range of stakeholders and their needs,

and to discuss strategies and processes to assist designing, delivering of emergency and disaster training

education that is specific, focussed and truly ‘fit-for-purpose’.

15


Integration Nursing Disaster: Competency-based Curriculum

Virya Koy

Chief

Bureau of Nursing and Midwifery

Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Cambodia

Biography

An accomplished nursing executive, Dr Virya Koy, PhD, MHPEd., MNSc., RN; Government Chief

Nursing and Midwifery Officer, and Chief Nursing Officer/Nursing Focal Person in Cambodia for WHO-

WPRO. He serves as panels of master students at University of Philippines Manila. Dr Koy is currently

played as Chair Board of Cambodian Association of Professional Nursing. He is a national recognized

expert in nursing care quality, having designed a questionnaire that has been used in the country. He was

President of Cambodian Council of Nurses from 2013-2016.

Dr Koy has spent many years for his study, for example, he graduated as associate degree in nursing in

1989, then continued his bachelor of science in nursing 2006. He completed two masters, first master of

nursing administration in 2011 (Saint Louis College of Nursing, Thailand), second was master of health

professions education in 2013 (University of Philippines Manila). He recived PhD of Nursing Program at

Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University 2017.

Virya has served on an expert panel for the healthcare quality improvement to identify key indicators. He

has contributed in developing curriculum for infection prevention and conrol for training of trainors. He

widely sought out to turn around struggling organizations including hospitals, academic programs, and

professional associations. As the GCNMO, it tripled in size yielding the positive operating to produce

Nursing and Midwifery Protocol, Nursing Process Manual, Code of Ethics, and Standard of Nursing

Practice.

Abstract

Aims

The purpose of this project is to identify the competency set under each ICN nursing disaster framework as

perceived by RNs/RMs.

Methods

The Delphi technique was to identify the competency sets under each domain There were 3 rounds as

follows: Round I: the 10-item questionnaire was prepared by researcher, which followed by ICN framework.

This questionnaire was sent by email, which was encouraged to add up the competency set under each

domain as needed. Round II: the same participants answered the questionnaire, which was 1 was not

important at all, and 5 very important. Mean, Standard Deviation, and Interquartile Range tested. Round

16


III: this step asked the same participants to reconsider whether they changed their mind in giving score in

Round II.

Results

The total participants were 21 was 100%, which males were 10 (48%). The average years was 35-year

(SD:4.49). The results indicated that the prevention/mitigation has 9 sets of competencies (health prevention,

leadership, management, infection prevention and control, health promotion, planning, epidemiology,

victim management, and triage system); preparedness has 9 competencies (communication, accountability,

quality and safety, legal practice, CPR, ethic, record and report, first aid, emergency management); response

has 11 competencies (teamwork approach, nursing process, mental care, individual care, coping mechanism,

counseling, community care, logistic management, emergency classification, vulnerable care, and multiple

injuries management); and recovery has 10 competencies (rehabilitation, teaching and learning, victim

recovery, planning after disaster, problem solving, community assessment, decision making, community

recovery, health education program, and policy development).

Conclusions

As increase disasters worldwide, it is the need to upgrade professional competencies to respond as required.

ICN competency framework is the guidance for curriculum makers. In Cambodia, the current nursing

curriculum is not follow the ICN framework appropriately. This study added up the sets of competencies

underpinning of four domains, which designed based on Cambodian context. Therefore, these results would

build up the foundation of competencies.

17


Recent Developments on Capacity-building and Disaster Preparedness for Students and

Professional Nurses in the Philippines

Josefina Tuazon

Professor and Former Dean

College of Nursing

University of the Philippines Manila

The Philippines

Biography

Dr Josefina A. Tuazon is Professor of Nursing of the College of Nursing, University of the Philippines

Manila. She was past dean of UPM College of Nursing and head of WHO Collaborating Centre for

Leadership in Nursing Development 2004 - 2010. She was appointed to the Philippine Commission on

Higher Education (CHED) Technical Committee on Nursing Education regulating nursing education in the

country in 2011- 2013. She is currently UPCN Program Head for Research and Graduate Program Chair.

She also headed the Secretariat of the Asia Pacific Emergency and Disaster Nursing Network (APEDNN)

for 2013 – 2015 where she is a founding member and continues to be an active core member.

She holds leadership positions in various groups, national and international, to name a few, Founding

President of the Pain and Palliative Nurses Association of the Philippines (PPNAP), Board member of the

Pain Society of the Phils (only non-physician in the Board), Convenor and Member of the Executive

Committee of the East Asian Forum of Nursing Scholars (EAFONS), Board Member of the International

Council on Women’s Health Inc (ICOWHI), UP Honor Society of Nursing, and founding President of

PCHRD Scholars Society. She is engaged in research and is panel chair and reviewer for the UP Manila

Research Ethics Board.

Prof. Tuazon is a Public Health Promotion and Education specialist and advocate. She contributed to the

development of the Philippine Department of Health national policy and program on the prevention of non-

communicable diseases and the promotion of healthy lifestyle. She is a staunch advocate for tobacco control,

asthma and diabetes education, and prevention of non-communicable diseases working closely with the

Department of Health and WHO, Framework Convention Alliance on Tobacco Control, Philippines (FCAP)

as Vice President, Philippine Coalition for the Prevention and Control of NCDs which she helped to

organize in 2004, Association of Diabetes Nurse Educators of the Philippines (ADNEP) where she helped

develop the diabetes nurse certificate course, and the Philippine Association of Diabetes Educators (PADE).

As a teacher and educator, Metrobank Foundation has awarded her as Outstanding Teacher for 2000, Award

for Continuing Excellence in Service (ACES) in 2009 and featured in their second volume of Ten

Outstanding Filipino Teachers in 2012. She was also recognized by her high school alma mater, St.

Theresa’s College Quezon City Alumni Association as Teresa’s Light Woman of Service in Education in

2001, and Outstanding Professional for Nursing by the Philippine Professional Regulations Commission in

2008 among others.

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Abstract

The Philippines is currently ranked 3rd on the 2017 World Risk Index, behind Vanuatu and Tonga,

indicating very high risk from natural disasters. In terms of exposure to natural disasters like earthquakes

and typhoons, the Philippines is 3rd followed by Japan at 4th. All these countries are located in the Pacific

Ring of Fire and the top 15 countries in the WRI are all island or coastal nations. Note that most of these

countries are in our region.

These figures remind us that we need to be better prepared for natural disasters as well as step up our efforts

in protecting the environment. One direction for us nurses and APEDNN is to focus our efforts on disaster

preparedness. This was the consensus in the APEDNN 2014 and 2015 meetings in Wuhan and Manila, that

is, that nurses play major roles in disaster preparedness and disaster response.

This presentation will highlight two major developments in the Philippines to better prepare and capacitate

nursing students and professional nurses. The first is the institution of Disaster Nursing as a separate and

required course in the national BS Nursing curriculum by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

in 2017. The revised curriculum of University of the Philippines Manila College of Nursing (UPCN) which

included a separate Disaster Nursing course was approved in June 2018 and promises to be a model for the

course implementation.

The second is the Philippine Red Cross Disaster Nursing Project, being implemented jointly with the

University of the Philippines and the Japanese Red Cross Academy, funded by Japan Red Cross Society

for 2016-2019. The Project involves the enhancement of the PRC disaster nursing training program first

implemented in the 1980s and develop a basic course for nursing students and professional nurses, and an

advanced course. Work with PRC, JRCA and JRCS has greatly informed the simultaneous work on the

UPCN Disaster Nursing Course. This is a model of collaborative work as long as there is a common goal.

19

APEDNN Annual Conference 2018 Expert Panel Discussion

Expert Panel Discussion

20


Expert Panel Discussion on Capacity and Resilience Building

Sheila Bonito

Professor

University of the Philippines Open University

The Philippines

Sheila R. Bonito, RN, MAN, DrPH (Epid) is a Professor at the University of the Philippines Open

University. She is also currently the Dean of the College of Nursing at the University of the Philippines

Manila.

She obtained her BS Nursing and MA Nursing from the College of Nursing and her Doctor of Public Health,

major in Epidemiology, from the College of Public Health of UP Manila. She also obtained a Postgraduate

Diploma in Gerontology and Geriatrics from the University of Malta. Her postdoctoral works include

Fellowships from the Johns Hopkins University College of Nursing on Doctoral Programs in Nursing, and

Vienna University of Technology on Data Mining in Twitter during Typhoons.

Her work in disaster management include being Chair of the Disaster Preparedness Committee of the

Philippine Nurses Association in 2010-2016. Her research and publication include documenting the roles

of nurses in disaster management in Asia Pacific and Data Mining in Twitter during Typhoons in the

Philippines. She has been involved in the Asia Pacific Emergency and Disaster Nursing Network since

2008.

Sokha Khun

Advisor and Director

Preparedness and Training Department

National Committee for Disaster Management

Kingdom of Cambodia

Key experiences and skill: 1 - Engineering of Economic Science and Management; 2 - Researcher on

Disaster Management in KOBE, Japan 2002 for 6 months; 3 - Search and Rescue Training Course in

Singapore Academic, 2005; 4 - International courses on community based and local level approaches to

disaster management; 5 - Conducted more than 120 Training Course on Disaster Risk Management and

Planning; 6 - General Environment Course.

21


Timothy Sim

Deputy Director

WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Health Services

School of Nursing

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Hong Kong SAR

Dr Timothy SIM is currently an Associate Professor at the Department of Applied Social Sciences, as well

as the Deputy Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Community Health

Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He was the Director of the Hong

Kong Polytechnic University and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risks Reduction Collaboration

Programme from 2015-2016. Timothy has published widely on disaster management and risk reduction

and currently serves as one of the Associate Editors of the “Oxford Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard

Governance”.

Caryn West

Associate Dean, Research

College of Healthcare Sciences

James Cook University

Australia

Associate Professor Caryn West has built a diverse research portfolio within nursing and public health

through her professional roles and awards, including an Early Career Fellowship with the National Health

and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Directorship of the World Health Organisation Collaborating

Centre (WHOCC) for Nursing, Midwifery Education and Research Capacity Building. A/Prof West’s areas

of research interest include disaster management, nursing and midwifery education and capacity building

and alcohol-related injuries and domestic violence in Australian Indigenous communities, which are drawn

together through the theme of resilience. A/Prof West has published more than 40 papers in peer-reviewed

journals in the past five years, many of which focus on the role resilience plays in individuals, families and

communities facing hardship.

22

APEDNN Annual Conference 2018 Concurrent Session

Concurrent Session

23


CS ABS Country Abstract Title

Co

ncu

rren

t S

essi

on

1

1-1 116 Australia Functioning against the odds: Hospital and residential care nurses’ accounts of

resilience during disasters

1-2 228 China Hospital preparedness for response to a disaster: A literature review

1-3 236 China A pilot study on effectiveness of disaster preparedness education for the wheelchair

users: Quasi-experimental study

1-4 201 China An empirical study on how to overcome enterostomal challenges in the community

during disasters

1-5 242 Thailand The Pathum-Thani Model: Situation analysis and practice guideline development

using Sendai model and philosophy of sufficiency economy as a framework

1-6 245 Thailand

Factors predicting discharge destination from traumatic emergency room

Con

curr

ent

Ses

sion

2

2-1 49 Hong Kong

SAR

Disaster resilience: A modifiable attribute for disaster rescue workers

2-2 128 China Evaluating the effectiveness of disaster preparedness training for primary school

children living in a rural and disaster-prone area

2-3 190 China Disaster preparedness for the elderly: A systematic literature review

2-4 209 China Post-earthquake supporting experience as volunteer nurses in Ludian district,

Yunnan of china

2-5 174 China Local knowledge on post-disaster recovery and reconstruction following 2008

Wenchuan earthquake

2-6 244 Thailand

Factors predicting shock in emergency patients

Con

curr

ent

Ses

sion

3 3-1 248 India

Disaster capacity and resilience building among nursing students

3-2 212 China Research tools in disaster nursing preparedness: An integrative review

3-3 208 China Preparedness for natural disasters among Chinese elderly people

3-4 160 China Post-earthquake recovery and rehabilitation for individuals with amputation: An

integrative review

3-5 246 Thailand

Factors predicting acute kidney injury in trauma patients in 48 hours

Con

curr

ent

Ses

sion

4 4-1 103 Philippines

The role of nursing specialty and interest groups in disaster management

4-2 234 China Nursing competency in responding to an earthquake: A literature review and its

implication of developing disaster nursing training program

4-3 167 China Disaster preparedness of patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review

4-4 221 China Difficulties, problems and challenges for individuals with amputation in post-

earthquake recovery: An integrated review

4-5 247 Thailand Factors influencing the accuracy of triage in emergency patients using emergency

severity index

24


Concurrent Session 1

ABS116 Functioning against the odds: Hospital and residential care nurses’ accounts of resilience during disasters

Gill Scrymgeour 1, Lindsay Smith 2 & Douglas Paton 3 1 College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia

School of Nursing & Midwifery, Health Sciences University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia 2 School of Nursing & Midwifery, Health Sciences University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia

3 School of Psychology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia

AIMS Nurses are the single largest group of healthcare workers and are most likely to be involved during and affected by any type

of disaster that impacts a healthcare facility. The aim of this research is to examine from a social-ecological perspective how

hazard event characteristics interact with personal, team and organisational factors to facilitate the development and

maintenance of resilience and adaptive capacity of nurses working within inpatient residential healthcare facilities in New

Zealand and Australia during and following a natural disaster.

METHODS Phase one of this mixed method study used thematic analysis of literature and qualitative interviews to explore the scope of

issues facing nurses working in residential healthcare facilities during a critical event precipitated by a natural disaster.

Phase one findings will inform phase two development and validation of a nurse-focused model of adaptive capacity.

RESULTS Preliminary findings from phase one interviews identify that that nurse participants maintained a strong sense of professional

duty, personal commitment and responsibility to their patients and the facility. They demonstrated the ability to adapt, cope

and respond in spite of a range of personal, structural and organisational barriers that occurred during and after the event.

CONCLUSIONS The research examined how these factors interacted to help or hinder nurses’ ability to anticipate, be adequately prepared

for, be able to cope with and adapt to, and respond to the consequences of complex critical incident events such as disasters.

The participant’s resilience and willingness to keep going to provide the best care possible during critically challenging

disaster events need to be championed. The knowledge of disaster preparedness and how this can be implemented to

facilitate the development of resilient and adaptive nurses represents an important adjunct to nurse training, service delivery,

policy development and research considerations.

ABS228 Hospital preparedness for response to a disaster: A literature review

Lan Shi 1, Mingxuan Li 2, Xiaofeng Xu 3, Zhengdong Wang 4, Gaojun Hu 5, Sijian Li 6 & Xianqiong Feng 7

1 Medical Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China 2 Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China

3 Operating Room, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China 4 Neonatology Department, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China

5 Department of Nursing, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, China 6 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China

7 West China School of Nursing/ West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

AIMS Review and analyze the organizational preparedness and response level of both domestic and overseas hospital nursing

systems when facing disasters.

METHODS The literature was reviewed from 1998 to 2018 using online databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Medline and CNKI.

Key words used were: disaster/ emergency preparedness and organization/ hospital/ nursing. The literature was screened

based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then were analyzed qualitatively.

RESULTS Totally 23 articles were identified and three major areas were emergent. (1) the current status of hospital disaster

preparedness; (2) the factors affecting organizational preparedness for natural disasters, and (3) the measures used to reduce

disaster risks and to build the capacity of the organizational management before, during and after disasters. At present, it

was found that the disaster preparedness had been studied extensively at the individual and family level, but the role of

nurses in hospital disaster management system remained unclear. Several factors were reported to affect the organizational

disaster preparedness, such as the risk perception, organization size, and the previous disaster experiences, etc. Additionally

the scientific command, control, and teamwork have also been addressed to improve the disaster response capacity of

hospital nursing organizations. The organizational disaster preparedness highlighted the measures taken to improve the

organizational disaster management capabilities so that the organization can respond to sudden disasters more effectively.

These measures stressed the focus of the development of organizational policies, human resource management (i.e.,

establishing a rescue team and disaster medical supply kit) and capacity building program.

CONCLUSIONS Literature review showed that there is a need to have a clear hospital disaster management system, especially the role and

responsibility of clinical nurses included in the hospital disaster preparedness planning in order to be well prepared for

disaster nursing workforce within the hospital care system through the process of disaster prevention, preparedness, response

and recovery.

25


ABS236 A pilot study on effectiveness of disaster preparedness education for the wheelchair users: Quasi-experimental study

Yi T.1, Zhuo Y.2, Li Y.3, Luo X.M.4, Jiang X.H.5, Chen S.S.6 & Lee H.7 1 Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, China

2 West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China 3 Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China

4 Mianzhu People's Hospital, Sichuan, China 5 Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, China

6 The First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian, China 7 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of disaster preparedness training program for wheelchair users.

METHODS A quasi-experimental study was used with a single group and pre and posttest design. Twenty-three wheelchair users with

spinal cord injury who lived in Mianzhu completed this study. Their knowledge, attitude and behavior towards disaster

preparedness were measured. The training program consisted of one session with two 2-hours. The contents involved

disaster safety knowledge, disaster preparedness plan and supplies. Data were collected before, immediately after and 1

month after the intervention.

RESULTS There was significant difference in level of disaster knowledge, attitude and behaviors before and after one month training

program (p ＜0.05).

CONCLUSIONS The result showed that there was an improvement of the training in disaster preparedness knowledge, attitude and skills for

wheelchair users. This is the first targeted and tailored disaster preparedness program tested with this population. This pilot

study demonstrated that this research is feasible to be conducted for those who are disabled, in participating in the training,

understanding the content and using interactive teaching and learning methods. Further research is needed to develop more

robust measures of disasters safety knowledge and skills for individuals with disability, especially those who are wheelchair

users. This work will contribute to increasing awareness for policy makers and educators to pay more attention to those

vulnerable groups who will be included in our disaster preparedness training and planning and reducing community

vulnerability in a sustainable manner.

ABS201 An empirical study on how to overcome enterostomal challenges in the community during disasters

Chunjuan Liu 1, Xiuhua Huang 2, Li Yin 3, Xin Zhou 4, Shuai Zhang 5 & Sunshine Chan 6

1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China 2Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu Children and Women Central Hospital, China

3Department of Radiotherapy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, China 4EmergencyDepartment,Mianyang Central Hospital, China

5Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, West China Second Hospital, China 6School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China

AIMS Background: In China, more than 100,000 enterostomas are created each year. Peristomal complications are most common

within the first year, especially 3-6 weeks following surgery. At the time of disaster, stomates are more prone to fecal

leakage while they are fighting for survival, being challenged by the lack of peristomal appliances and environmental

constraints on managing the pouching system. Mild peristomal problems can deteriorate rapidly into serious skin lesions.

Scanty information could be found from existing literature, suggesting that this vulnerable group of people have been

overlooked and deserve better attention.

Objective: In order to reduce and control peristomal complications in the community during disasters, this study explores

the specific needs of the enterostomal population and identify challenges they may face during disaster situations, thereby

providing empirical evidence for disaster preparedness and response.

METHODS Disaster preparedness and response strategies for this population are formulated based on the care needs and specific

challenges identified by comprehensive literature review. These strategies at the pre-, peri-, and post-disaster phases are

cross-examined between experienced ostomates, seasoned caregivers, as well as healthcare specialists using a triangulation

method.

RESULTS Adequate preparedness and patient education are essential to the reduction and control of peristomal complications during

disasters. Good history taking and recording form the basis for effective planning and implementation. Using a validated

instrument for continuous assessment facilitates the selection of suitable cleanser and enterostomy appliances. Finally, an

instructional manual is produced to facilitate disaster preparedness and knowledge transfer.

CONCLUSIONS This study has generated new knowledge on how to prepare people with an enterostoma for disasters and to overcome

challenges during disasters. Caregivers and healthcare professionals can testify the effectiveness of the research findings in

overcoming peristomal challenges in actual disaster situations.

26


ABS242 The Pathum-Thani Model: situation analysis and practice guideline development using sendai model and

philosophy of sufficiency economy as a framework.

Natma Thongteratham, Orapan Thosingha, Piyaporn Yoawares, Kessiri Wongkongkam,

Suporn Danaidutsadeekul & Thirawan Chuateleng Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand

AIMS To explore and analyze situation of current state disaster management system in Pathum Thani province and to

develop practice guideline under this faculty project as Pathum-Thani Model in Thailand.

METHODS A total sample of 300 ER and EMS agencies and steering team at Pathum Thani province was employed to

explore and analyze situation of on-going disaster management system. The Sendai model and Philosophy of

Sufficiency Economy were derived as a project framework. Moderation and reasonableness are concerned as

using appropriate and adequate resources during project implementation. Risk management is conducted by

performing assessment and giving team capacity building by experts. Knowledge in relevant fields consists of

EMS capacity, transportation, and communication could be trained and self-examination is virtue and capacity

building. The benefits of project were examined.

RESULTS “Pathum-Thani Model” has also contained pre-impact phase (hazard assessment, mitigation, and preparedness),

impact phase, post-impact phase, rehabilitation phase, and disaster management evaluation. However, in each

phase should be seamless drive by moderation, reasonableness, risk management, knowledge, and virtue

concepts.

CONCLUSIONS The applicability of Sendai model and Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy as framework to explore and analyze

situation of disaster management system in Pathum Thani province could develop practice guideline called

“Pathum-Thani Model”. The sustainability of Pathum-Thani Model should be encouraged and evaluated in

further study.

ABS245 Factors predicting discharge destination from traumatic emergency room

Waracuch Sornruck 1, Wallada Chanreungwanich 2, Orapan Thosingha 2 & Krit Krawroj 3 1 Faculty of Graduate Study, Mahidol University, Thailand

2 Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand 3 Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand

AIMS To study factors predicting discharge destination from traumatic emergency room among patients in emergency

phase during their stay in emergency department.

METHODS Descriptive predictive study.

The sample included 300 patients with emergency illnesses and trauma related injuries that came to receive

treatment at 2 tertiary care hospitals in Thailand. Case record form, physiological change, co-morbidity, and

pain level were used to predict the discharge destination from traumatic emergency room. Chi-square and

Logistic Regression Analysis were employed for data analysis.

RESULTS The average age of patients was 48.58 years. Majority of patients were men (58%) and came to emergency

room because of vehicle accidences (30.7%). Physiological change and pain level were predictors of the

discharge destination from traumatic emergency room at statistical significance p < 0.05 ,OR=2.229 ; 95% CI :

1.691-2.937 and OR=1.253; 95% CI : 1.055-1.488)

CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that nurses who work at emergency department should use physiological change and pain to

classify emergent patients and should be used for triage so that proper patients’ care plan can be promptly

destination from traumatic emergency room.

27



ABS49 Disaster resilience: A modifiable attribute for disaster rescue workers

Xiaorong Mao 1,2, Olivia WM Fung 3, XiuYing Hu 4 & Alice Yuen Loke 3 1 PhD student, Joint PhD programme of School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University & Sichuan University

2 Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital 3 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

4 School of Nursing, The West China Hospital, Sichuan University

AIMS Given the unpredictable and overwhelming nature of disasters, rescue workers are at risk of suffering from negative

psychological consequences after disaster deployment. However, there are others who were reported to have the ability to

bounce back or recover from disaster. This ability refers to as “disaster resilience” This study aims to explore the modifiable

attributes of disaster resilience among rescue workers.

METHODS Walker and Avant's framework was used to analysis the concept of disaster resilience.

RESULTS The concept of “disaster resilience” is realized: it is after exposure/involvement to disastrous event (antecedents), certain

personal characteristics and protective factors play a role to disaster resilience (attributes), contributing to the development

of disaster resilience such as recovery to psychological well-being and work engagement (consequences).

CONCLUSIONS Resilience may be enhanced by employing the protective factors, such as by developing positive coping strategies and social

skills. Rescue workers who adopt appropriate coping strategies such as problem-focused coping, can resolve or reduce the

chance of the harmful effects of disastrous events. Social support from other rescue team members or close friends will also

enhance the development of resilience. Tailored interventions are to be developed to mitigate negative psychological

consequences and foster resilience in disaster rescue workers, targeting at modifiable factors such as self-awareness of

psychological status and needs, adoption of appropriate coping strategies and utilizing resources reasonably to improve

psychological well-being, aiming to enhance resilience to maintain positive psychological well-being. Measuring/screening

instrument can also be developed to assess the presence of disaster resilience for recruitment and preparation of rescuers for

disaster deployment.

ABS128 Evaluating the effectiveness of disaster preparedness training for primary school children living in a

rural and disaster-prone area

Jing Zhao 1,2, Sijian Li 3, Jianna Zhang 4, Qian Liu 1, Xuan Chen 1 & Xiaomei Wei 5 1 Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengDu, China

2Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education 3 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

4 Emergency Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengDu, China 5 International Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, BeiJing, China

AIMS To evaluate the differences of disaster preparedness knowledge and skills before and after the intervention group training,

and to evaluate the difference between intervention group and the control group for disaster preparedness knowledge,

disaster preparedness skills and disaster preparedness attitude after disaster preparedness training. To evaluate the

effectiveness of disaster preparedness training for primary school children living in a rural and disaster-prone area.

METHODS A prospective controlled design was performed in this study. One hundred and eighty fifth-grade students from Huo Dehong

Central Primary school were included, 92 participants in the control group received disaster preparedness knowledge

brochure for self-study, the brochure included four sections: (1) What are earthquake, mud-rock flow, flood, fire and how

to respond them; (2) Family’s disaster preparedness plan; (3) Family’s disaster preparedness items; (4) First aid knowledge

and skills, 88 participants in the intervention group had disaster preparedness knowledge brochure with disaster

preparedness training by professionals, the training consisted of theory and practice ,half an hour each part, stretching over

three day. Two groups were investigated using self-made questionnaire before study, after intervention and one and half

months after.

RESULTS The post-intervention mean scores of disaster preparedness knowledge (34.99±5.15 vs 26.66±3.54), disaster preparedness

skills (8.75±2.16 vs 7.32±1.72) in intervention group were higher than that before intervention (p<0.001). The post-

intervention scores of disaster preparedness knowledge (34.99±5.15 vs 26.78±3.81), disaster preparedness skills (8.75±2.16

vs 7.38±1.73) and disaster preparedness attitudes (8.00±2.23 vs 6.26±2.97) were significantly higher in intervention group

than that in control group (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS Disaster preparedness knowledge and skills self-studying with professional training is effective to improve disaster

preparedness abilities for primary school children living in a rural and disaster-prone area.

28


ABS190 Disaster preparedness for the elderly: A systematic literature review

Zhimin Xue 1, Hongli Zhou 2, Qiuji Tao 3, Ping Yan 3, Xianzhen Liao 4 & Olivia Wai Man Fung 5 1 Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, China

2 School of Quality and Technology Supervision of Sichuan Province, China 3 The West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, China

4 The West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China 5 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

AIMS Disasters can substantially impact the mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The elderly are

considered as a vulnerable population. The older the people, the larger their vulnerability, given the possibly

increasing physical frailty, low social status, loss of medications and medical care. Therefore, this article studies

how the elderly respond in front of disasters, especially by reviewing literatures to derive a solid understanding

of the specific needs and traits of the elderly population and their preparedness for getting outside support.

METHODS A total of 22 studies were included in the review, and they were systematically evaluated according to disaster-

preparedness training and social support dimensions.

RESULTS The impacts on the elderly from (1) provision of disaster-preparedness guidance and training, and (2) social

support including: disaster countermeasures and management systems; evacuation support systems;

development of plans for health management following disasters; disaster-preparedness systems in the

community; disaster information management; and support from other community residents, are the most

frequent and important effects of disaster preparedness. However, the academic evidence-based information

that can support disaster reduction activities in LMIC settings is limited.

CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, minimizing the disaster vulnerability of the elderly and establishing accurate perception and

preparedness for disasters can minimize damages or threats to their lives.

ABS209 Post-earthquake supporting experience as volunteer nurses in Ludian district, Yunnan of China

Shaohua Chen 1 & Sijian Li 2 1 Infectious Diseases Department, Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Province, China

2 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

AIMS To explore personal experience in supporting post-earthquake recovery in Ludian district, Yunnan of China.

METHODS A single case study was adopted using our personal experience. 2014 Ludian earthquake was considered as a

case. Sources of data involved observation notes, daily diaries, personal reflection and web information. Unit

of analysis included immediate medical and public health responses in both hospital and community care

settings. Qualitative content analysis was applied.

RESULTS Major activities and works involved in a hospital care setting were in responding to demands of clinical nurses:

1) training workshops in wound care, pain management, rehabilitation nursing, and infection control; 2) health

consultations; and 3) case discussion and meetings.

Another important activities and works involved in a community-based care setting were: 1) assisting to

maintain normal operation of healthcare service; 2) providing a physical and psychological support for local

nurses; 3) helping maintain environmental hygiene with limited resources; 4) helping promote a safe care

practice; 5) sharing knowledge and skill with nurses and doctors.

CONCLUSIONS This experience was valuable and challenge as volunteer nurses because we have experienced from a single

nurse role to multiple ones. We were not only providing direct care to patients in the hospital and affected

individuals and families in the community, but also working as a health educator, supervisor, manager and

collaborator with local community leaders, social workers and healthcare professionals (i.e., doctors,

physiotherapist, and occupational therapist). We have constantly learn and applied knowledge which help us

think and reflect how to make a difference in our current clinical practice and disaster nursing education and

training.

29


ABS174 Local knowledge on post-disaster recovery and reconstruction following 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Zhong Man Zhang 1, Yan Li 2, Ya Fang Cheng 3, Rui Huang 4, Xiao Yu Li 5, Xin Li 6 & Si Jian Li 7 1 Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China 2 Department of Nursing, Ya’an Polytechnic College, Sichuan, China

3 Department of Accident and Emergency, Quanzhou First Hospital, Sichuan, China. 4 Department of Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian, Medical University, Fuzhou, China

5 Department of Paediatrics, Mianyang Central Hospital, Sichuan, China 6 Department of Accident and Emergency, Sichuan Province People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China

7 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR China

AIMS To identify local knowledge and strategies in assisting post-disaster recovery and reconstruction among rural villagers

who had experienced 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.

METHODS A qualitative descriptive study was used. Two villages were selected in Beichuan and Maoxian which affected by

2008 earthquake. From August 2016 to June 2017, all villagers were invited and 30 villagers were willing and able

to join this study. Thirty participants were divided into three focus-group interviews, and semi-structured question

guide was used. A qualitative content analysis were applied.

RESULTS The local knowledge and strategies were identified in helping them to maintain their normal life in a post-earthquake

situation. These were included as: (1) to keep their psychological health through the variety of getting together

activities; (2) to ensure basic life supplies with the support from the government emergency assistance in the initial

stage; and (3) to conserve a balance of tree felling and planting for the house rebuilding and natural forest protection.

CONCLUSIONS Understanding the local knowledge is important for us when working together with the local people in supporting

post-disaster recovery and reconstruction process. The use of these strategies are especially valuable when they are

able to mobilize their knowledge, they will help protect and promote their health and wellbeing, and mobilize their

strengths to rebuild their lives in an effective and sustainable manner. Policy makers and local health workers should

include local knowledge and strengths when designing a post-disaster recovery and reconstruction planning in order

to develop more effective strategies to enhance a joint effort in disaster prevention/mitigation, preparedness, response

and recovery in a long run.

ABS244 Factors predicting shock in emergency patients

Nunthaporn Hasadsree 1, Wallada Chanreungwanich 2, Orapan Thosingha 2 & Sattha Riyapan 3 1 Faculty of Graduate Study, Mahidol University, Thailand


AIMS To study factors predicting shock among patients in emergency phase during their stay in emergency department.


The sample included 200 patients with non- trauma emergency illnesses and trauma related injuries who came to

receive treatment at 2 tertiary care hospitals in Thailand. Shock Index was used to classify the occurrence and severity

of shock. Chi-square and Logistic Regression Analysis were employed for data analysis.

RESULTS The average age of patients was 50 years (SD ± 21.78). Majority of patients (63%) came to emergency room because

of non-trauma emergency illnesses, 54 % had co morbid diseases, 48.5% were brought to hospital by their own

relatives and 75.5% showed transportation time for longer than 60 minutes. Majority of them (76.5%) did not receive

any care or medical management prior to their hospital arrival. On emergency department arrival, 53.5% of patients

demonstrated shock. Twenty-three % of them had Shock Index equal to and greater than 0.8. Severity of illnesses at

Level 1 and Level 2 can predict shock (OR=35.198, 95% CI = 7.726-160.351, p < .01; OR=4.545, 95% CI = 1.498-

13.786, p < .05 respectively). Age, co-morbid diseases, type of transportation to the hospital and severity of illnesses

were related to shock( 2 = 4.859, p < 0.05; 2 = 7.796, p < 0.05; 2 = 4.280, p < 0.05; 2 = 41.925, p < 0.01 respectively

(Transportation time was not related to shock( 2 = 4.280; p >0.005).

CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that nurses who work at emergency department should use triage algorithm to classify level of

illness severity for emergent patients. Shock Index should be used for triage so that proper patients’ care plan can be

promptly initiated.

30



ABS248 Disaster capacity and resilience building among nursing students

Experience of Christian Medical College, Vellore, India

Alice Chacko

College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India

AIMS Training in Disaster Management in India has taken a pace during the last decade. National Disaster Management

Authority of India along with the Government of India recommends training on Disaster Management. To respond to

this need in the state of Tamilnadu, the College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore has taken this as an

important project and has been training the final year Undergraduate and Postgraduate Nursing students on Disaster

Management since 2014. Training a final year student nurse or a novice nurse in the beginning of their carrier in

Disaster Management is important to sensitize them towards the unseen magnitude of need in Disaster Management.

Every year 200 undergraduate Nursing students and approximately 90 post graduate Nursing students are trained.

The goal is to build the human resource capacity of the institution especially Nurses towards disaster preparedness

and response in order to build resilient communities.

METHODS The training is for 2 days and includes lectures on topics like Disaster management cycle, Hazard vulnerability

analysis, Community preparedness and response, Management of vulnerable population, Crisis communication,

Hospital preparedness towards disaster response, etc.. The training provides opportunity to have hands on experience

on fire management. As a small group, the trainees were helped to learn to develop protocols for various disaster

management based on scenarios. The highlight of the disaster management training is the simulation based mock

drills on community preparedness and response, Disaster Triage, Mass casualty management, Evacuation of Intensive

Care Unit and so on.

RESULTS The training created a sense of sensitivity, accountability and enthusiasm among the nursing students and motivated

them to volunteer as a trained Disaster Nurse. Approximately 1,450 Student Nurses are trained in the institution over

a period of 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS This institutional based training contributed towards human resource capacity building which definitely helps to build

resilient communities in India.

ABS212 Research tools in disaster nursing preparedness: An integrative review

Qinghong Deng 1, Hongxia Liu 2, Yanan Cao 3, Liuting Tao 4, Yaling Zhang 3 & Sijian Li 5 1 Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, China

2 West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China 3 West China Second University Hospital, China

4 Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jianyang, China 5 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China

AIMS To summarize research tools used to assess level of disaster nursing competencies and evaluate the effectiveness of

the training and education program for nursing students.

METHODS A literature search was conducted on five electronic databases: PubMed, OVID, SCI, CNKI and VIP. Four keywords

were using: disaster nursing, education, student, disaster preparedness. Articles were published from 1997 to 2018.

Out of the 1475 articles retrieved, 32 met the inclusion criteria, including 22 in English and 10 in Chinese.

RESULTS There were 14 articles in measuring disaster nursing competencies (4 in English and 10 in Chinese). Of those, 3

conducted in Japan, 1 in US, and 10 in China. Only one study mentioned the value of the reliability and validity in

the study. Eighteen articles were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The majority of the study were

conducted in US (n=13). The rest of five were led in Australia, Japan, Ireland, Indonesia and mainland China

respectively. The training methods were varied, such as simulation, lectures, group discussion, disaster scenario and

case study. JHDT (The Johns Hopkins Disaster Tool) and EPIQ (the Emergency Preparedness Information

Questionnaire) were identified as important and both were used to evaluate the effectiveness of disaster preparedness.

CONCLUSIONS The information showed that there were different tools served as various research purposes (survey, experimental or

quasi-experimental). Fewer articles reported the value of the reliability and validity, and lack of describing how the

tool was developed. Further study is needed so as to improve the rigor and enhance the stability and accuracy of the

tool development.

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ABS208 Preparedness for natural disasters among Chinese elderly people

Qiu Ping Ren 1, Dongmei Guo2, Qun Dai 3, Linqian Li 4, Xiaoqing Gao 5 & Paul H Lee 6

1 Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China 2 Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, China

3 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, China 4 West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China

5 Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, China 6 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China

AIMS The present study aims to explore the concerns relating to natural disasters among the elderly living in Xiamen,

China, as well as to examine and identify predictive factors of their preparedness for disasters.

METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. We sampled adults aged 60 years or older (n =256) in six

community centers in Xiamen, China.

RESULTS Most elderly people considered major typhoon (91%), transport accidents (88%), fires (79%), explosion (75%),

and food poisoning (72 %) as the disasters that were most likely to occur in their living area. In preparing for

disasters, only 8.6% of the elderly reported having a survival pack that is easily accessible, whereas 71.9%

knew how to shut down the water, gas, and electricity supply before evacuating, 79.7% knew how to contact

their family members, and 91% of the elderly would obtain disaster information through television. Only 55

(21.4%) the elderly people were classified as being prepared for disaster with objective assessments. Logistic

regression showed that those who had higher income (OR =2.53) and had more experienced natural disasters

(OR =1.31) were more likely to be prepared.

CONCLUSIONS The majority of elderly people are not prepared for natural disasters. Results of this study provide guidelines to

health professionals working with the elderly for developing strategies to cater to their special needs in preparing

for disasters.

ABS160 Post-earthquake recovery and rehabilitation for individuals with amputation: An integrative review

Fan Yang 1, Meng Lin 2, Ya Qing Zhang 3, Di Rui Yan 2, Feng Hua Su 4 & Si Jian Li 5 1 West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China

2 West China Second University Hospital, China 3 MianYang Central Hospital, China 4 Fujian Provincial Hospital, China


AIMS To review the status of individuals with amputation in post-earthquake recovery and rehabilitation.

METHODS Search using six databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, OVID and WANFANG

DATA. English database was searched by the keywords of amputation and earthquake, covering 2008 to 2018,

English language was limited.Chinese database was searched by the keywords of Wenchuan earthquake and

amputation.

RESULTS A total of 391 documents were retrieved, 370 articles were excluded, 27 articles were included. There are three

major themes emergent. (1) Rates of amputation in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake ranged between 0.9-10.3%; in

Bam of Iran 2003 was 2.9%; in Haiti 2010 earthquake ranged between 2.7%-16%;in Kashmir of Pakistan 2005

ranged between 0.9%-5.12%. (2) The major reasons for amputation involved Crush syndrome, Gas

gangrene/severe infection, Open fracture/limb damage and lifesaving. Other factors may influence the decision

making. (3) The daily activity ability of amputees was improved after amputation at 6 months (Wenchuan), 7

years (Wenchuan) and 2 years (Haiti), but there were common problems with prostheses worn after amputation.

CONCLUSIONS The integrative review has well documented rates of amputation, but they were varied from one country to

another. Amputation decision making was difficult and it was dependent on many contextual situations. And

the process of recovery was long and level of functional recovery was varied over time. It is noted that there

were more amputees aged 10 - 20 years old following 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, in China. Further study is

required to investigate how and what experience for these young individuals with amputation.

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ABS246 Factors predicting acute kidney injury in trauma patients in 48 hours

Archi Warehayee 1, Wallada Chanreungwanich 2, Orapan Thosingha 2 & Krit Krawroj 3 1 Faculty of Graduate Study, Mahidol University, Thailand


AIMS To study predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in trauma patients in 48 hours during admit in ICU unit in

Southern part of Thailand.


The sample included 170 patients with emergency illnesses and trauma related injuries that came to receive

treatment at 2 tertiary care hospitals in Southern part of Thailand. Case record form, age, severity of illness,

level of consciousness, co-morbidity and spontaneous inflammatory response (SIR) were used to predict acute

kidney injury (AKI) in trauma patients in 48 hours during admit in ICU unit in Southern part area in Thailand.

Chi-square and Logistic Regression Analysis were employed for data analysis.

RESULTS Majority of sample was male (78.8%) and mean of age was (39.64YRS, SD. =17.28), co-morbidity 25.9%.

Level of severity in high level was 48.2% and 40.6% in moderate level. The spontaneous inflammatory response

was 86.2% and acute kidney injury occurred in 48 hours was 11.8.

The results show the severity of illness, level of consciousness, co-morbidity and spontaneous inflammatory

response to acute kidney injury in trauma patients in 48 hours are the significantly factors predicting to acute

kidney injury trauma (OR = 7.21; 95% CI: 1.00-1.35; p = 0.017; (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 1.00-1.35; p = 0.018 แแแ

OR = 3.91; 95% CI: 1.00-1.35; p = 0.000 respectively)

CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence of the need to monitoring the severity of illness, level of consciousness, co-

morbidity and spontaneous inflammatory response of kidney trauma patient during 48 hours.

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ABS103 The role of nursing specialty and interest groups in disaster management

Bettina D. Evio 1 & Sheila R. Bonito 2 1 College of Nursing, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines

2 Faculty of Management and Development Studies, UP Open University, Philippines

AIMS Evaluation of the needs identified and services rendered in response to recent natural disasters in the Philippines recognized

areas that require specific competencies directed towards the care of vulnerable populations, people with immediate and

life-threatening conditions, and those needing long-term care services. This saw the need for specific and specialized

nursing services in times of disasters. The study aimed to: (1) describe the role of nursing specialty and interest groups in

emergency and disaster management; (2) identify their activities related to disaster preparedness and response; (3) determine

their level of preparedness; and (4) determine the factors that influence their involvement in disaster response.

METHODS The descriptive study initially involved 27 nursing specialty and interest groups affiliated with the Philippine Nurses

Association, of which 14 (51%) offer programs and services related to disaster nursing. Data was collected through a

questionnaire-guided interview and afterwards analyzed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS The study showed that 14 (51%) nursing specialty and interest groups offer programs or services related to disaster nursing.

The primary nursing roles identified were those of direct caregiver, counsellor, and educator. The trainings offered and

received primarily focused around their specialty practices; while those related to emergency and disaster include first aid,

basic and advanced life support, patient safety, basic trauma care, and communication. The level of preparedness and

readiness to respond were mostly limited to the hospital setting. Barriers to response were primarily due to logistics (time

and financing), and perceived lack of field experience.

CONCLUSIONS Recent disasters have increased the awareness and willingness among nurses to be competent and ready in seconding a call

when disasters occur. Nursing specialty groups play very important roles in disaster and emergency management. Capacity-

building in disaster management, collaboration and organizational support help ensure effective participation in disaster

response and recovery initiatives among these groups.

ABS234 Nursing competency in responding to an earthquake: A literature review and its implication of developing disaster

nursing training program

Yaodan Zhang 1, Jing Li 2, Lisha Huang 3 , Fang Wu 4, Hua Wei 3, Sijian Li 5 & Xianqiong Feng 6

1 Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 2 Oncology Unit, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen City of Fujian Province, China

3 Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China 4 Maternity and Children Unit, Chengdu Women and Children Central Hospital, Chengdu, China

5 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China 6 West China School of Nursing / West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

AIMS To systematically review the literature related to nurses’ preparedness and nursing competency for earthquake disaster.

METHODS Databases were used such as China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI), WanFang, VIP, Medline, cumulative index

to nursing and allied health literature(CINAHL), EBSCO,SCOPUS, Web of science from 2000~2018.The keywords were

included: earthquake, disaster, nursing competency, disaster preparedness, nurse, and nursing. The articles were recruited

using the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

RESULTS Totally 32 literature were identified, including 9 qualitative research papers, 11 quantitative research papers, and 12 reviews

and empirical articles. 6 articles in English and 26 articles in Chinese.

Nine qualitative articles showed the major themes including: (1) feeling under-prepared; (2) perceived challenges and coping

strategies; (3) rediscovery of the helping and caring role; and (4) psychological reactions in the relief process.

Eleven quantitative articles indicated that the current level of disaster nursing competency needed to be improved, and

nurses have high demands on the earthquake disaster nursing training.

Twelve reviewed and empirical articles discussed the importance of nursing competencies and highlighted the roles and

functions of nursing competencies during the four periods of earthquake disaster: the preparation, responding, recovery, and

reconstruction period.

CONCLUSIONS Nurses' current status of disaster nursing competency couldn’t meet the needs to respond to a sudden occurrence of a disaster,

such as an earthquake. It is necessary to develop disaster nursing program to improve the nursing competency, and meet the

nurses' needs on the preparation, responding, recovery, and reconstruction periods of disasters. Future research should target

on analyzing and summarizing nursing needs and skills in relevant stages of earthquake disaster, to develop training program

and improve the nursing competency.

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ABS167 Disaster preparedness of patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review

Bin Zeng 1, Shenghua Zhang 2, Lan Wang 2, Xianyan Yin 3, Li Xie 4 & Paul H. Lee 5 1 Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China

2West China Second University Hospital, China 3 Ya'an Polytechnic College, China

4 ChengDu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, China 5 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong

AIMS To systematically search the literature on the disaster preparedness of chronic patients.

METHODS Using the keywords “Chronic disease”, “hypertension”, “diabetes”, “chronic renal dysfunction", “chronic kidney disease”,

“end-stage kidney disease”, “asthma", “cardiovascular disease", “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease” and “disaster

preparedness”, to search six online databases, including MEDLINE, CINAHL, PUBMED, OVID, Science Direct,

CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from 2000 to 2018.

RESULTS A total of 3,792 articles were retrieved. Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria to screen the literature and a total of 27

articles were included. The level of disaster preparedness for various chronic diseases were analyzed. When disaster

happened, patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and

asthma can easily get 3-day supply of medication, but disasters can disrupt or interrupt the regular medications of chronic

patients, leading to aggravation of the disease. There are other problems in disaster preparation, for example: 1) There are

no treatment records/prescriptions, the doctor is not aware of the patient's original treatment plan; 2) Insufficient medicine

in medical institutions, the patients have to change the medicine; 3) Some end-stage kidney diseases received dialysis at

nonregular dialysis unit(s). These will affect the treatment of chronic patients.

CONCLUSIONS As vulnerable population, chronic patients have a higher risk in disasters than general population. However, most studies

show that chronic patients do not respond to disasters better than the general population. The disaster preparedness of chronic

patients is related to their own economic conditions and social support systems. After the disaster, it is necessary to provide

continuous care and medical support for patients with chronic diseases.

ABS221 Difficulties, problems and challenges for individuals with amputation in post-earthquake recovery: An

integrated review

Yalin Tian 1, Xinyue Huang 2, Jiaoji He 1, Xiuxia Lin 3, Yu Ai 4 & Sijian Li 5

1 West China Second University Hospital, China 2 Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, China

3 Fujian Provincial Hospital, China 4 The Third Hospital of Mianyang City of Sichuan Province, China

5 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China

AIMS To summarize the difficulties, problems and challenges encountered for amputees in different periods of post-

earthquake recovery.

METHODS The integrated literature review was adopted. A computerized literature search of 5 online databases including

PubMed, OVID, CINAHL, Embase and CNKI. The key words used amputation, amputees, artificial limbs, natural

disasters and earthquake. Studies published from January 1988 to April 2018 were selected. A set of inclusion criteria

were developed. A total of 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. Nine studies were in English and 6 were in Chinese.

RESULTS The major difficulties were limitation of daily activities, such as reduced the ability to walk, climb stairs, toileting,

bathing etc. The most common problems/complications were infections, stump swelling, pain (stump pain or

phantom) and less appropriate socket. Participation challenges included loss of family members’ support, social

constraints, and unemployment. Environmental challenges were obvious that they felt inconvenient use of public

transportation, housing, and uneven walking surfaces. Other issues were related to mental health welling, such as

suffering from body image disturbance, feeling of inferiority, and even showed symptoms of PTSD.

CONCLUSIONS The findings were informative, especially there were multiple problems, difficulties and challenges encountered for

individuals with amputations. Little is known about what rehabilitation service is utilized and how they cope with the

above problems and difficulties living in a home care setting. The findings highlight that a multi-disciplinary team

work approach is needed. To enhance long-term recovery and rehabilitation, community and rehabilitation nurses

should play an important role and work together with other disciplines (e.g. PT, OT and social worker) to assist them

to better handle with complications and social barriers, and improve their quality of life in a long run.

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ABS247 Factors influencing the accuracy of triage in emergency patients using emergency severity index

Krisada Suamchiyaphum 1, Wallada Chanreungwanich 2, Orapan Thosingha 2 & Apichaya Mansomboon 3 1 Faculty of Graduate Study, Mahidol University, Thailand


AIMS The objective of this study was to find factors influencing triage accuracy among emergency patients.


Emergency severity Index was used to classify patients’ illness acuity. Sample of this study comprised 78 triage

nurses and 780 emergency patients. The research settings were emergency departments of 7 tertiary care

hospitals in Bangkok and neighbored provinces. Multinomial logistic regression was utilized to analyze data.

RESULTS The results found that triage nurses had average ages of 31.35 years (SD ± 3.72), had average years of

experiences working in emergency department for 8.58 years (SD ± 5.86). The accuracy of triage accounted for

68.7 %. Nurses who had working experiences for 6-10 years and more than 10 years were less likely to

demonstrate over triage than nurses who had working experiences for 1-5 years )OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.10 - 0.25;

OR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20 - 0.54, p < 0.01). Nurses who had working experiences for 6-10 years were less likely

to demonstrate under triage than the other age group )OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15 – 0.52, p < 0.01). Patients with

ages of over than 65 years were more likely to be classified into less severe illness level )OR 2.28, 95% CI:

1.20 - 4.32, p<0.05). Nurses’ work experiences and patients’ ages could co predict the accuracy of triage at

18.7% (Nagelkerke Pseudo R square =.187).

CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce triage inaccuracy, triage nurses who work in emergency department should had work

experiences for more than 5 years and received formal training on patients’ triage. While performing triage in

patients whose ages are older than 65 years, triage nurses should be more considerate by follow triage algorithm

and provide them with continuous monitor and care.

36

APEDNN Annual Conference 2018 Poster Presentation

Poster Presentation

37


Poster Presentation

ABS227 Factors associated with first-aid knowledge, skill and attitude for residents following 2014 Ludian

earthquake, Yunnan of China

Ye Song 1, Yanxi Chen 2, Ruixue Bi 3, Wenjiao Huang 4, Jiaxiu Yin 5 & Sijian Li 6

1 Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2 CCU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

3 Department of Nursing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 4 Pediatric Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

5 Hematological Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 6 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China.

AIMS 1) To examine the level of first aid knowledge, first aid attitude, self-efficacy and behavior intention of rural residents at

3 months following the earthquake; and

2) To identify factors related to the level of first aid knowledge, first aid attitude, self-efficacy and behavior intention of

rural residents at 3 months following the earthquake.

METHODS This was a cross-sectional design. A convenience sampling method and a face-to-face interview survey were used. The

questionnaire included five parts: demographic data, first aid knowledge, first aid attitude, self-efficacy and behavioral

intention. Sixty-three residents living in the tents completed this study as a voluntary basis. Descriptive statistics, correlation

analysis and multiple linear regression methods were applied.

RESULTS The mean scores showed that first aid knowledge was (47.70 ±17.27), first aid attitude was (18.30 ± 1.77), self-efficacy was

(10.70 ± 3.04), behavioral intension was (9.08 ± 0.99). The factors of educational level and age were associated with the

level of first-aid knowledge and self-efficacy (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS The status of first-aid attitude and behavior intention was acceptable but the first-aid knowledge and self-efficacy were less

optimal. It was suggested that it was necessary to carry out first-aid knowledge and skill training program for the affected

residents who were living in a disaster-prone and rural community so that they would be able to make a better preparedness

in responding to a disaster and protect their safety as individuals, families and community.

ABS191 Outdoor survival: The core competence urgently needed by disaster nurses

Tianzhi Liao

Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, China

AIMS The core competences by disaster nurses plays a significant role in Prevention, Preparedness, Response and

reconstruction in four aspects of disaster management. At present, China's focus on disaster relief is changing,

but response is still an important part of disaster management. This article intends to discuss the survivability

of outdoor disaster nurses.

METHODS Due to the special type of disaster nurse population and difficulty in sampling objectively, the method of

convenient sampling was adopted to take the observation of 2015 & 2017 Masters of Disaster Nursing students

of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. All trainees participated in field survival training organized by

Sichuan University Outdoor Sports Institute and recorded the completion of such subjects as hiking, load

carrying, cable landing, orientation, jungle crossing, camping, field foraging, drowning, and camping et al.

RESULTS All the trainees successfully completed all subjects and gained valuable outdoor experience.

CONCLUSIONS The survivability of outdoor disaster nurses is core competence, it could be improved though education and

training programs which enhance their disaster preparedness and response.

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ABS222 Evaluation of earthquake disaster preparedness education programme for pregnant women in Lushan,

Sichuan

Xiaoming HUANG 1, Li MA 1, Tianzhi LIAO 2, Zhen WU 3, Xia ZENG 4 & Olivia WM FUNG 5 1 West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University

2 Intensive Care Unit, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University 3 The Third Affiliated Hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University

4 Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital

5 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of the education project on earthquake preparedness knowledge, awareness and

behavior of pregnant women.

METHODS This study is a quasi-experimental design. 104 pregnant women from Lushan district, Sichuan province, China

participated the study, 54 in the intervention group and 50 in the control group. The intervention group had 1

hour earthquake preparedness class and a handbook about how to prepare for earthquake; the control group was

given antenatal care handbook. Both groups filled the self-made questionnarie before and 1 month after the

study.

RESULTS The score was higher than before the intervention (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found in the control

group.

CONCLUSIONS This program improved the disaster preparedness KAB of pregnant women in Lushan. Education program

showed better effect on disaster preparedness knowledge and awareness than behavior.

ABS166 Effectiveness of disaster preparedness program for nursing students in Chengdu, Sichuan of China:

Randomized controlled trial

Rui Xia 1, Bingbing Chan 2, QiuJin 3, Zipeng Zhang 4, Fang Zhang 5 & Sijian Li 6 1 Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

2 The First Hospital of Quanzhou, China 3 West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

4 Chengdu Fourth People's Hospital, Sichuan, China 5 Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, China


AIMS 1) To develop a disaster preparedness program to improve knowledge, attitude and skill of disaster

preparedness; and 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of the program.

METHODS This investigation used an experimental study design with pretest-posttest comparison study. Sixty-three

nursing students were randomly assigned into the intervention (n=31) and control group (n=32). The

intervention group received a seven-hour program. The outcomes were measured by using structured self-

reported questionnaire covering knowledge, attitude and skill of disaster basic, triage and family preparedness

planning. The data were collected at pre-intervention (T0) and post-intervention (T1). Qualitative data were

using three focus-group interviews at T1 and analyzed by using qualitative content data.

RESULTS Compared with the control group, the knowledge and skills of the disaster basic, triage and family preparedness

planning were improved significantly in the pre-test and post-test. The information obtained from focus group

interviews showed: (1) increasing the awareness of disaster risk; (2) stimulating their eagerness of knowing

more about disaster knowledge and the consciousness in disaster triage skills. Participants also expressed that

the training methods were new, especially using disaster scenario, group discussion and competition, and the

interactive teaching method which could stimulate their self-directed and peer learning.

CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that a disaster preparedness program improved knowledge and skills of disaster basic,

triage and family preparedness planning among nursing students. The findings could serve a basis for further

development of disaster preparedness programs for nurse educators, hospital administrators and researchers in

supporting nursing students as well nurses to be sufficiently prepared for disaster response and recovery.

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