Absolute Monarchy in France The World of the Bourbons
Absolute Monarchy in FranceThe World of the Bourbons
Do Clothes Make the Man? How is power expressed in what
leaders wear in public?
Do Clothes Make the Man? How is power expressed in what
leaders wear in public?
Bourbon Kings of France - Louis XIII
¬ Henri IV (Navarre) the first Bourbon King… assassinated!
¬ Louis XIII = king at (8) in 1610¬ Queen Marie de Medici =
Regent until 1617¬ Louis XIII assumed control at
age 15… plots, plots and more plots
¬ Cardinal Richelieu is Chief Minister 1624-1642
Cardinal Richelieu¬ Chief Minister of Louis XIII… shrewd!!
– monarchy, ↓ nobles¬ Huguenot Policy
– ↓ political & military rights = ↑royal control
– Kept religious rights in tact¬ Security for the Throne
– Spies to foil plots by nobles– Domestic intelligence to maintain
control
Marie Theresa
& the Dauphin
Marie Theresa
& the Dauphin
Louis XIV
the Sun King
Louis XIV
the Sun King
Louis XIV & Cardinal Mazarin
¬ Louis XIV is King at age 5¬ Queen Anne is Regent + Mazarin is PM¬ Mazarin ↑ France & royal power via policy, conflict & treaty¬ Revolts by nobles… La Fronde… crushed in 1652 and leads to
greater royal authority via new tactics… work through the nobility to gain greater power for the monarch!
Louis XIV the Sun King¬ Mazarin dies 1661… Louis XIV
assumes sole power at 23¬ Moved Court to Versailles¬ Served by nobility, monitored
royals¬ Dominated decision making¬ Dictated foreign policy¬ Domestic policy via bribery &
favors “L’etat, c’est moi”
Louis XIV the Sun King
¬ King above Church¬ Persecuted Jansenist sect of RC¬ Went along with Papal policy¬ Went against Gallican Liberty idea
¬ Revoked Edict of Nantes¬ Anti-Huguenot policy¬ Influenced by Madame Maintenon¬ Huguenots flee >> anti-French
factionsL’etat, c’est moi
Wars of Louis XIV - Sun King ¬ French Expansion & Security¬ War of the Devolution >
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle =
Fr gains land in Sp. N.¬ Treaty of Dover (E+F v. N) >>
Peace of Nijmwegen >> ↑land¬ War of Spanish Succession
– Bourbon on Sp. Throne– Leads to ↑European border stability
“L’etat, c’est moi”
The Bourbon Family Crest
The Bourbon Family Crest
Louis XIII’s Old Chateau
Louis XIII’s Old Chateau
By: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
adapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinskiadapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinski
By: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
adapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinskiadapted by Mr. Reiner Kolodinski
The Sun SymbolThe Sun Symbol
Palais de VersaillesPalais de Versailles
Garden View of Versailles
Garden View of Versailles
Chateau de Versailles
Chateau de Versailles
Chateau de Versailles
Chateau de Versailles
Versailles Palace,Park Side
Versailles Palace,Park Side
Versailles’ Northern Gardens
Versailles’ Northern Gardens
Gardens at Versailles
Gardens at Versailles
Gardens at Versailles Gardens at Versailles
André Le
Nôtre, Royal
Gardener
André Le
Nôtre, Royal
Gardener
Grounds at Versailles
Grounds at Versailles
Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!
And More Fountains!And More Fountains!
And More Fountains!
And More Fountains!
And Even More Fountains!!!
And Even More Fountains!!!
Temple of LoveTemple of Love
The OrangeryThe Orangery
The Gallery of Battles
The Gallery of Battles
Hall of
Mirrors
Hall of
Mirrors
The Queen’s
Bed
The Queen’s
Bed
The King’s Bed
The King’s Bed
Louis XIV’s Chapel
Louis XIV’s Chapel
Louis XIV’s Chapel AltarLouis XIV’s Chapel Altar
Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel
Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel
Louis XIV’s Opera Stage
Louis XIV’s Opera Stage
Louis XIV as ApolloLouis XIV as Apollo
by Jean Nocret, 1670by Jean Nocret, 1670
Cabinet with Views
of Versailles, 19c
Cabinet with Views
of Versailles, 19c
Louis XIV FurnitureLouis XIV Furniture
Louis XIV’s CarriageLouis XIV’s Carriage
Louis XIV by Bernini, 1665Louis XIV by
Bernini, 1665
Versailles StatisticsVersailles Statisticsf 2,000 acres of groundsf 12 miles of roadsf 27 miles of trellisesf 200,000 treesf 210,000 flowers planted every yearf 80 miles of rows of treesf 55 acres surface area of the Grand Canalf 12 miles of enclosing wallsf 50 fountains and 620 fountain nozzlesf 21 miles of water conduitsf 3,600 cubic meters per hour: water consumedf 26 acres of rooff 51,210 square meters of floorsf 2,153 windowsf 700 roomsf 67 staircasesf 6,000 paintingsf 1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravingsf 2,100 sculptures f 5,000 items of furniture and objects d'artf 150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable
Garden
Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Finance Minister
¬ Mercantilism– Acquire Bullion (G + S)– Export > Imports– Domestic Industrial
development via subsidy– Infrastructure development– Protective Tariffs– Colonies serve France– Expansion pursued
• For new markets & resources
Louis XV [r. 1715 – 1774]
Louis XV [r. 1715 – 1774]
The “Hunts” of Louis XV
The “Hunts” of Louis XV
Madame de PompadourMadame de Pompadour
Madame de Pompadour’s Bedroom
Madame de Pompadour’s Bedroom
Petite Trianon,Madame de
Pompadour’s Chateau
Petite Trianon,Madame de
Pompadour’s Chateau
Louis XVI + Marie Antoinette
¬ Louis– Quiet, introvert– Hunts, Toys & Locks– Socially Awkward– Physical issues
¬ Marie (Hapsburg)– Beautiful– Outgoing, Vivacious– Poised, Well-bred
Marie Antoinette & Her Children
Marie Antoinette & Her Children
Marie Antoinette’s Boudoir
Marie Antoinette’s Boudoir
Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant” House
Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant” House
Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”
Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”
Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”