INTRODUCTION Absenteeism is one of the factors which counteract a company’s objectives. It is an aged old ailment suffered by every industrial establishment small or big private or government. It is said that standard of living in a country is adjudged and measured by economic growth and the latter in turn depends upon a stable work force. Absenteeism is a factor which hampers the industry’s production throughout the year. The problem of absenteeism assumes in a developing country like India because the workforce of the production units are drawn from a different socio- cultural and religious background, the adoption of which to a western method of production invariably brings problem to the workforce and industrial establishments concerned. Therefore in the following pages an attempt is made to study the measures and evaluate the reason of absenteeism of the workers of the Kerala Balers Private Limited, Alappuzha. The questionnaire survey was carried out among employees
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Absenteeism of the Workers of the Kerala Balers Private Limited, Alappuzha.
Absenteeism is one of the factors which counteract a company’s objectives. It is an aged old ailment suffered by every industrial establishment small or big private or government. It is said that standard of living in a country is adjudged and measured by economic growth and the latter in turn depends upon a stable work force. Absenteeism is a factor which hampers the industry’s production throughout the year.
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INTRODUCTION
Absenteeism is one of the factors which counteract a company’s objectives.
It is an aged old ailment suffered by every industrial establishment small or big
private or government. It is said that standard of living in a country is adjudged and
measured by economic growth and the latter in turn depends upon a stable work
force. Absenteeism is a factor which hampers the industry’s production throughout
the year.
The problem of absenteeism assumes in a developing country like India
because the workforce of the production units are drawn from a different socio-
cultural and religious background, the adoption of which to a western method of
production invariably brings problem to the workforce and industrial
establishments concerned. Therefore in the following pages an attempt is made to
study the measures and evaluate the reason of absenteeism of the workers of the
Kerala Balers Private Limited, Alappuzha. The questionnaire survey was carried
out among employees of the organisation.This study was aimed at understanding
the factors influencing the employees absenteeism and find out the trends and also
put for suggestion.
In this study I have made a humble but a sincere attempt to analyze the
various causes of labour absenteeism and the impact it has on the industry. The
findings and suggestions of the study are based on the facts and figures arrived
through the study and are presented in a more straight forward manner and with
almost sincerity.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are:-
To study the present rate of labour absenteeism in the Kerala Balers Private
limited.
To find out the causes both personal and organizational for absenteeism.
To find out the effects of absenteeism on the organization’s performance.
To find out the measures taken by the company to control absenteeism.
To recommend certain remedies to minimize the rate of absenteeism.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
A study on labour absenteeism is very significant for proper decision
making in the management of business. It helps us to understand the extent to
which job absenteeism affects the smooth functioning of a business concern. Also
it helps to take timely measures to control absenteeism for maximization of
production. The study brings out the reason for the absenteeism of workers and
through corrective methods management of business can be made more efficient to
achieve better goals.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
In the modern complicated business world management is a vital factor
determining the prosperity of business. Labour is the most live factor of
production. It plays a crucial role in judging the level of output. The sincerity and
dedication of workers increases production. Similarly, the apathy and absenteeism
of workers can make a push back in business activities. A study on labour
absenteeism has much scope in these aspects. The study enables us to initiate
actions to make workers more alert and thereby ensures their sincere participation
in production.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research:
Research in common parlance refers to search for knowledge. One can also
define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a
specific topic. This advanced learner’s dictionary of current English lays down the
meaning of research as a “careful investigation or inquiry especially through search
for new facts in any branch of knowledge”. Some people consider research as a
movement from the known to the unknown. It is actually a voyage of discovery.
The above description of the types of research brings to light fact that
there are two basic approaches to research, viz.quantitative approach and
qualitative approach. The former involves the generation of data in quantitative
form which can subjected to rigorous quantitative analysis is a formal and rigid
fashion. This approach can be further sub classified in to intranasal experimental
and simulation approaches to research. Experimental approach is characterized by
much greater control over the research environment and in this case some variable
are manipulated to observe their effect on other variables. Simulation approach
involves the construction information’s and data can be generated. This permits an
observation of the dynamic behaviors of a system for its subsystem under
controlled conditions. Simulation approach can also be useful in building model
for understanding future conditions.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
The basic types of research are as follows:-
Descriptive Research
It includes the survey and fact finding enquiries of different kinds. Its
major purpose is description of state of affairs.
Analytical Research
The researcher has to use facts or information already available and
analyze these to make a critical evaluation.
Applied Research
It aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a
society or an industrial/business organization
Fundamental Research
It is mainly concerned with generalization and with formulation of a
theory.
Quantitative Research
It is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. It is applicable to
phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity.
Qualitative Research
It is concerned with quantitative phenomenon, i.e. phenomena
relating to or involving quality or kind.
Conceptual Research
It is related to some abstract ideas of theory. It is used to develop new
concept or to reinterpret existing ones.
Empirical Research
It lies on experience or observation alone, often without due regard for
system and theory.
TYPES OF DATA AND DATA COLLECTION METHODS
Data
The methodology used for research studies involves the collection data is
defined as the fact presented to the researcher from the studies environment. It may
be primary or secondary data.
Primary Data
The primary data is the data which collected from the respondents personally
and for the time. This is basically first hand data. Answer questions and return it. A
questionnaire consists of a number of questions printed or type in a definite order
in a form or set of forms.
Secondary Data
Any data gathered for some purpose are called secondary data. The
secondary data may be external or form within the firm. Some of the sources are
company profiles and internet, etc.
Secondary data can be collected through publish and unpublished sources.
Methods of collecting Primary data:
Observation Method:
This is the most commonly used method especially in studies relating
to behavioral sciences. This method is independent of respondent’s willingness to
respond and thus less demanding respondent’s active co-operation as in the case of
interview method or questionnaire.
Interview method:
The interview method of collecting data involves oral-verbal
stimuli and reply in terms of oral-verbal responses. It can be used through:
Personal interview
Telephone interview
Questionnaire method:
In this method a questionnaire is sent to a person concerned
along with a request to as secondary data. There are several ways of collecting
the appropriate data. The task of data collection begins after a research problem
has been defined and research design choked out. While deciding about the
method of collection need for the study, the researcher should keep in mind 2
types of data viz, primary and secondary data.
Sampling
Population’ refers to all those people with the characteristics which the
researcher wants to study within the researcher wants to study within the contract
of a particular research problem. For e.g.: All students in a college, all employees
in an organization.
A sample is a portion of people drawn from average population having the
characteristics of the population. It will be a representative of a population only if
it has some basic characteristics of a population from which it is drawn. A sample
is a part of the population under study in order to make influences about the
whole population
Different Sampling Techniques:
Various methods of sampling can be grouped under two major heads:
Random Sampling
Non-Random Sampling
Random Sampling:
It is based on probability for selecting of items. There each item
has its own chance of being selected.
Important Random Sampling Methods:
Simple Random Sampling
A simple random sample is a sample selected from a population in
such a way that every member has equal chance of being selected.
Stratified sampling
If the field of enquiry is not homogenous and contains variety of
items this method is adopted. The samples are divided in to strata’s, are
homogenous.
Systematic Sampling
Used in cases where complete list of population is available. Under this
method, the items in the population are included in intervals of magnitude ‘K’.
Cluster Sampling
Consist forming suitable clusters of units and surveying all the units
in sample of cluster selected.
Non-Random Sampling:
There is no basis or probability of selecting sample.
Important Non-Random Sampling methods are:
Judgment Sampling
Here the investigator exercises his direction in selecting the items
that are involved that are to be included. Here the selection of items
entirely depends upon the judgment of investigator and no principle is
followed.
Convenience Sampling
A convenience sample is obtained by selecting a convenient
population unit.
Quota Sampling
Only definite quotas of person in different social classes, different
age groups, different region etc selected for interview.
Methodology used in this study
The research methodology is a systematic way to solve a research
problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research step is done.
In this the researcher makes an attempt to explain the methodology of study-how it
had been conducted. At most care must be exercised while collecting data because
data constitute foundation on which the superstructure of statistical analysis is
built.
Methodology involves collecting primary data and secondary data:
Primary Data:
The main primary data used for this study are collected by means of:
Interviews :
Appointments were fixed with managerial staff and interviews were
conducted.
Questionnaire
The questionnaire was prepared for the workmen sample.
Questionnaires were issued to the employees in service department.
Secondary Data:
Secondary data are the data collected from the publications of
journals. The main source of secondary data collections includes company history,
websites and other documents of the company.
Sampling:
Sampling method is used in this project is simple random sampling and
the sample size was 50.
Tools used in the study:
The mathematical tool used in this study is simple percentage analysis
and pie diagrams are used for the graphical representation of the collected data.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The researcher found difficult to explain the aim of study to the respondent
because the respondent had a suspicious idea on the study. Some of the
respondents thought the researcher as management representative. The researcher
found it difficult to convince the respondents that it is a part of curriculum of the
researcher.
Since the area of the study topic ‘LABOUR ABSENTEEISM’ is vast ‘the
study was limited to certain important aspects of labour absenteeism of the
company. The main reason for this is the fault of the workers who are careless and
have the least commitment towards their work.
INDUSTRY PROFILE
COIR INDUSTRY IN INDIA
The coir industry is one of the most ancient, traditional industries in
Kerala. Extending from the southernmost to the extreme north of Kerala, the
industry is deep – rooted in the economic, social and political field, especially in
the costal belt of Kerala. Nearly 15 lakhs of people and their family members are
directly depended upon the industry and the cost of labor is going by day by day, it
meets with its own difficulties, through still earns a good percentage of foreign
currency each year.
Coir is the fibre extracted from the husk of coconut. Coir industries are of the
largest cottage industries in India. Its history goes back to 1859.It also during this
year that a Spanish born American established the first coir factory in India. His
name was James Darrough. It must have been due to prosperity of the industry in
India, which he foresaw led him to establish such a factory.
During that period, coir was mostly used in ships, cables feeders and
rigging. Later on coir began to be used to building. Since coir is produced from
coconut husks, people started investing in the industry, mainly in the southern part
of the country, which was due to the abundance of coconut trees and adequate
facilities for natural retting. As a result of this, Kerala had a major part to play a
role in coir industry which is the largest manufacturer of coir products in India.
Until 1940’s the coir industry was in a progressive stage. But since then the
coir and coir products have shown a downward tendency. The main reasons for
this being the increase in manufacturing cost and absence of workers. Workers left
their jobs and started producing coir by themselves at a very small scale rate. All
these led to the declining of coir industry. But due to the importance of such an
industry, many measures were taken to co-ordinate the efforts of the primary
producers of coir and coir products. Government assistance in this field has also
encouraged many people to enter the industry.
The coir industry of India had now become as internationally compatible
one. The basic reason for this is that coir products cannot be produced by every
country. Adequate raw materials have to be available for this purpose. Secondly,
the increasing global awareness .Coir being an environment friendly product has
found its market in many European countries. Many states have contributed for the
growth of coir industry in India, such as Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Goa, Maharashtra, Pondicherry and Tripura are all
producers of coir and products in the coir industry. Therefore success of coir
industry in India mainly vests with coir producers in Kerala.
Coir industry occupies a unique place among the rural traditional cottage
industries in India. The state of Kerala also known as the ‘land of coconuts’ is the
largest producer of coir in India. It accounts for more than 75% of total production.
The preparation of coir is a lengthy process. The coconut husk is immersed in
water for rubberizing about a month. Later the softest husk is boated to separate the
fibre from the husk. This is then woven into coir. Coir foam rubberized coir is used
to make mattresses and pillow covers. These have gained popularity due to their
softness and durability. The jewellery made out of coir is fascinating because of its
intricate and delicate designs.
The economy of the state is based on agriculture and marine products.
Some traditional industries is based on coir and coir products, marine products,
handloom, d different types of handicraft etc.Coir industry enjoys the status as the
largest cottage industry weaving sector.
The coir industry has been classified into four sectors viz.:
1) The husk rattling and fiber extraction sector.
2) The yarn – spinning sector.
3) The product’s manufacturing sector.
4) The exports sector.
Coir fiber is extracted from both green/dry husks as well as wetted husks.
The wet process of extraction of fiber is predominant in Kerala and the dry process
in the states of Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Andrapradesh. Fibre is used for spinning
yarn, which is used as the real material by the manufacturing sector. Coir yarn and
other products have good market both at home and abroad. This agro-based
industry provides substance to around 2.8 lakhs females in the costal belt of the
state.
As aforesaid, four lakh persons are directly employed in the industry. This
highlights the necessity for concentrated efforts to keep the industry going. Despite
the various setbacks faced by it an account of competition from products of over
countries, including natural and synthetics. Most of the workers live poverty line
and transferring them from this sector to another to ameliorate their living
conditions is practically impossible in our labor surplus economy. Keeping them in
their own sphere to the extent possible seems to be the only solution.
COIR INDUSTRY IN KERALA
The coir industry is considered to be traditional cottage industry whose
earliest history is totalizing to Kerala. Extending from the south most to the
extreme north Kerala the industry is deep rooted in economic, social and political
and political field, especially in the costal belt of Kerala. Nearly 15 lakhs of people
and their family members are directly depended upon the industry and cost of
labour is going up day by day, it meets with its own difficulties, through still earn a
good percentage of foreign currency each year. Kerala had a major part to play a
role in coir products in India.
The significance of coir industry in Alleppey is due to a variety of factors.
The main factors are the presence of more backwaters, alone is not enough, but it
has to be replenished at regular. Intervals by fresh water, so as to wash away the
contaminated water by selling of green husks. The significance of coir industry in
alleppey is due to a variety of factors. The main factor is the presence of mere
backwaters, alone is not enough, but it has to be replenished at regular.
Such sources are abundant in the district and these are favorable factors,
which have helped the growth of coir industry in Kerala. This availability of
coconut from low land on either sides of lakes and even from the higher land
accessible by good roads and canals, the presence of lakes and lagoons at regular
distance and above all the presence of hard working and industrious people who
carry on this industry were accountable to the advancement of coir industry in
alleppey.
Alappuzha is the major production centre of coir and coir products in the
state. There are about four thousand production units including a few big factories
for coir in the district. There are present 15 mechanized looms too. Attempts are
being made for the revival and revitalization of the industry through co operative
societies. There are 41 co-operative societies in the coir sector .there is a central
coir marketing society for the export of the produce of primary societies. Based on
the coir capital, Alappuzha, coir fed is the apex federation of 600 odd coir co-
operatives. A string of Regional offices and national network of over 100
showrooms ensures that for the lovers of things natural and beautiful, coir products
are within the reach. And it’s fair pricing policy has made it even more so.
In Kerala, Alleppey was main center of investment. This was mainly due to
transport facility for raw materials and finished products. The water linkage
between Alleppey town and yarn producing centers and the port facility for
shipment of finished products to various countries abroad accelerated the growth of
coir industry in Alleppey. In fact it has been rightly called the Venice of the east
due to this reason. Until 1940’s the coir industry was in progressive stage. But
since then the coir and coir products have shown a download tendency. The main
reasons for this being the increase in manufacturing cost and absence of workers.
Workers left their jobs and started producing coir by themselves at a very small
scale rate. All these led to the declining of coir industry.
But due to the importance of such an industry, many measures were taken to
co-ordinate the efforts of the primary producers of coir and coir products.
Government assistance to this field has also encouraged many people to enter the
industry. Simple and elegant, the beautifully crafted coir products of Kerala give
an aesthetic touch to any home or office. Crafted by the women of the picturesque
coir villages of the land of coconuts, the innovative range of products including
mats, rugs ,walls hangings, carpets, door pieces, bags, hammocks, ceiling/floor
furnishing,beds,cushions,little show pieces, blinds.
The coir industry of India had now become as international compatible
one .The basic reason for this is that coir products cannot be produced by every
country. Adequate raw materials have to be available for this purpose. Second is
the increasing global awareness. Coir being an environmental friendly product has
found its market in many European countries .Many states have contributed for the
growth of coir industry in India such as Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, West Bengal, Orissa, Goa, Maharashtra, Pondicherry and Tripura are all
producers of coir and products in the coir industry in India mainly vests in the
hands of coir producers in Kerala.
COMPANY PROFILE
History of Kerala Balers (p) ltd
Kerala Balers (p) ltd, a member of Karan group
companies is acclaimed as one of the leading exporters of coir and coir products in
India. The parent company, the Karan group comprising of three companies:
William good acre and sons India (p) Ltd (since 1862)
Alleppey Company (since 1927)
Kerala Balers (p) Ltd (since 1948)
They have been in the coir business for more than a century and form
a group of private sector companies. Backed with more than a century long
tradition, Karan Group is widely recognized as the indisputable leaders in the
natural floor covering industry starting as coir yarn spinners in late 1800’s they
presently own the largest integrated factory in Asia for weaving natural fibre floor
coverings. Factories are equipped with the latest yarn preparation and dyeing