ABRAHAM LINCOLN`S CLOSEST FRIEND .Hitherto Unpublished Reminiscences of Joshua Fry Speed; BY JOHN GILMER SPEED. Abraham Lincoln's one, close .and inti- mate personal friend was Joshua Fry Speed of Kentucky. All of the biographers of Lincoln appear to agree as to this. The friendship began in 1837 and. lasted throughout Lincoln's life. Mr. Speed, who died in ISS2, was.a man of great reserve, and though often asked to write about Lincoln always refused Upon the ground that he bad not the literary capacity to do justice to such a subject. He was, how- ever, consulted by the biographers care- ful enough to seek original sources of in- formation, and usually gave to such in- quirers what facts and documents he had in his possession. Once, however, in1874, i I, think, Mr. Speed prepared a lecture on Lincoln to be read before some of his friends, and from this I shall make ex- tracts and so let him tell the particulars of the friendship so far as possible. "Inthe spring of1836," wrote Mr. Speed, "I first saw Abraham Lincoln. He had been a laborer, a flatboatman, a deputy surveyor and for one term a member of the Legislature. ' I heard him spoken of by. those who knew him as a wonderful character. They boasted that he could outwrestle any man in the county and could beat any lawyer in Springfield speak- ing. In 183(5 he was a candidate for re- election to the Legislature, and I believe I heard the first speech he ever made at the county seat. ••';.'.-;" An Unhappy Effort to Take Young Abe Lincoln Down. "Atthe time there were but two parties, "Whig and Democrat. Lincoln was a Whig and the leading man upon the ticket. I was then fresh from Kentucky and had heard many of her great orators. It seemed to me then, as it seems to me now, that I never heard a more effective speaker. He carried the crowd with bim and swayed them as he pleased. So deep an impres- sion did he make that George Forqtier, a man of much celebrity as a sarcastic speaker, and with a great reputation throughout the State as an orator, rose and asked the people to hear him. He began his speech by saying that this young man would have to be taken down, "and he was sorry that the task devolved upon him. He made what was called one of his slasher-gaff speeches, dealing. much in rid- icule and sarcasm. Lincoln stood near him with his arms folded, never interrupt- ing him. When Funnier was done Lincoln walked to the standi and replied so fully and completely that his friends bore him from the Courthouse on his shoulders. "So deep an impression did this first speech make upon me that I remember its conclusion now after a lapse of thirty-eight years. Said he: '\u25a0 'The gentleman commenced his speech by saying that this young man will have to be taken down, and he was sorry the task devolved upon "him. I am not so ; young in years as I am in the tricks and j trades of a politician, but live long or die young, I would rather die now than, like the gentleman, change my politics, and i simultaneously receive with the change j an office worth $3000 and then have to erect a lightning rod over my house to protect a guilty conscience from an of- I fended God.' "To understand the point of this it must be explained that Forquer had been a Whig, but had changed his politics and had been appointed Register of the Land Office, and over his house was the only lightning rod in the town or county. Lin- coln had seen the lightning-rod forthe first time on the day before. Not understand- ing its properties, he made it a study that night by aid of a book, bought for the pur- pose, but he knew all about ii. The same quality of mind made him look into and understand all he saw. No matter how- ridiculous his ignorance upon any subject might make him appear," he was never ashamed to acknowledge it; but he imme- diately addressed himself to the task of be- ing ignorant no longer." Lincoln's First Lodging in Springfield. At the time of which Mr. Speed speaks, Lincoln did not livein Springfield, nor had he yet been admitted to the bar. He was studying law, however, at his humble home oh the banks of the Sangamon, from books borrowed from John T. Stuart, who was afterward his partner. "It was in the spring of 1837," said Mr. Speed, "and on the very day that he obtained his license that our intimate acquaintance began. He had ridden into town on a borrowed horse, with no earthly property save a pair of saddle-bags containing a few clothes. I was a merchant at Springfield, and kept a large country store, embracing dry goods, groceries, hardware, books, medicines, bedclothes, mattresses, in fact everything that the country needed. Lincoln came into the store with his saddle-bags on his arm. He said he wanted to buy the furni- ture for a single bed. The mattress, blankets, sheets, coverlet and pillow, ac- cording to the figures made by me, would cost $17. He said that perhaps that was cheap enough; but small as the price was he was unable to pay it. But ifI would credit him till Christmas, and his experi- ment as a lawyer was a success, he would pay then, saving in the saddest tone, 'If I fail in this, I do not know that I can ever pay you.' As I looked up at him I thought then, and I think now, that I never saw a sadder face. y "I said to him: .'You seem to be so much pained at contracting so small a debt, I think I can suggest a plan by which you can avoid the debt and at the same time attain your end. I have a large room with a double bed upstairs which you are very welcome to share with me.' :C_*." -Where is your room?' said he.' ! " "Stairs.' said I. pointing to a pair of winding stairs which led from the store to my room. I i"He took his saddle-bags on his arm", went upstairs, set them down on the floor and came down with the most changed '\u25a0 expression of countenance. Beaming with '< pleasure, he exclaimed: "'Well, Speed, I am moved!'" At that time Mr. Lincoln was 27 years 01d,, "a lawyer without a client, no money, and all his earthly wealth consisting of the clothes he wore anu the contents of his saddle-bags." fliffßlßlT H. SSB^ V "'' Lincoln's Rapid Rise us Lawyer and BBS Politician. Mr. Speed was Lincoln's junior by four j years, a man of some inherited means and I a merchant with a prospering business. 5 I They lived thus intimately and" together j for. four years, during which time. Lin- 1 coln's affairs were a little mended though J not much. : . During this time there existed j an intimate . friendship' singular in • the I lives of both men, for neither of ; them in after life was ever unreservedly "intimate with any, other man. ': They appear to have had no concealments from ...one - another and to have, discussed ; affairs of the most' . sacredly 'personal -"* nature. '*-; To *- no - other • person did Mr. Lincoln ' ever unburuen himself with such unreserve. :They con- tesscd to"each other their; sentimental pcrr plexities.-.and/, of these, as ' is. well known, Lincoln had more than a full share. * - \u25a0 '.' To return to Mr. Speed's narrative of the' early years in Springfield..: -'As a lawyer," he . says, ** "after * his first Vyear t he i was acknowledged among the best in the State/ His analytical powers were **.-marvelous.' lie always resolved every question into its primary elements and -cave up every point on his own side that did not- seem' > invul- nerable/.: One r.would* think to hear him argue a caecin court I;'; was giving his case away. lie would concede point after point to his ' adversary until it would seem his case was conceded entirely away. But he always reserved a point upon which he claimed a decision in his favor, and his concessions magnified the strength of his ciaim. He rarely failed in gaining his cases in court. "Mr. Lincoln was a social man, though | he didnot seek company; it sought him. j After he made his home with me, "on every winter's night at my store, by a big wood lire, no matter how inclement the weather, eight or ten choice spirits assembled, with- out distinction of party. It was a sort of social club without organization. They came here because they were sure to find Lincoln. His habit was to engage in con- versation upon any and all subjects except politics. AForerunner of the Lincoln and Douglas Debate. "One evening a political argument sprang up between Lincoln and Douglas, which for a time ran high. Douglas sprang to his feet and said: 'Gentlemen, this is no place to talk politics ; we will discuss the questions publicly with you.' "Afew days afterwards the Whigs held a meeting and challenged the Democrats to a joint debate. The challenge was ac- cepted, and Douglas, Lamborn, Calhoun and Jesse Thomas . were selected by the Democrats. Logan, Baker, Browning and Lincoln were selected by the Whigs. Such intellectual giants of course drew a crowded house. The debate took place in ! the Presbyterian church, and lasted for \u25a0 eight nights, each speaker taking one ; night. Like true knights they came to | tight in intellectual armor clad. They all i stood high, and each had his followers, i adherents and admirers. This was in | January. 1840. The conclusion of that speech, as an evidence of Lincoln's style at. that early day, is, 1 think, worth re- peating here. " 'Ifever 1 feel the soul within me ele- vate and expand to those dimensions not j wholly unworthy of its Divine Architect, it is when I contemplate the cause of my country, deserted by all the world beside, and I, standing up boldly and alone, hurl- ing defiance at her victorious oppressors. Here.without contemplating consequences, before heaven and in the face of the world, I swear eternal fealty, to the just cause, as I deem it. of the land of my life, my lib- erty and my love. And who, that thinks with me, will not fearlessly adopt the oath I take! Let none falter who thinks he is right and we may succeed. But if, after all, we shall fail, be it so, we will have the jproud consolation of saying to our con- | sciences and to the departed shade of our | country's freedom that the cause approved | of our judgments and adored of our hearts I we never faltered in defending.' " This speech was considered at the time jto be the best of the series, and some even j doubted, according to Herndon and j Lamon, two of Lincoln's biographers, that I Lincoln could have prepared it without | assistance. Latuon says in his book, I written in 1872: * "To this day there are some who believe he had assistance in the preparation of it. , Even -Mr. Herndon ac- cused Speed of having had a hand in it, ! and got a flat denial for his answer. At I all events,, the speech was a popular success."-. :*yK ; y VTr-'yVVi-y--- An Illustration of Lincoln's Tenderness of Heart. Here is an incident related by Mr. Speed : "Lincoln had the tenderest heart for any one in distress, whether man, beast or bird. Many of "the gentle and touching sympathies of his nature which flowered so frequently and beautifully inthe humble citizen at home fruited in the sunlight of the world when he had place and power. He carried from his home on the prairies to Washington the same gentleness of dis- position and kindness of heart. Six gentle- men—Hemgone, Lincoln, Baker, Hardin and two others whose names I do not now recall— were riding along a country road. Wo were strung along the road, two and two together. "We were passing through a thicket of wild plum and apple trees. A violent wind- storm had just occurred. Lincoln and Hardin were behind. There were two young ; birds by the roadside too young to fly. Tbey had been blown from the nest by the storm. The old bird was flut- tering about and wailing, as a' mother ever does for her babes. Lincoln stopped, : hitched his horse, caught the birds, hunted the nest and placed them in it. The rest of us rode on to a creek, and while our our horses were drinking Hardin rode up. 'Where is Lincoln?* asked one. "Oh, when I saw him last he had two little birds in his hand looking for their nest.' In an hour, perhaps, he came. They laughed at him. He said with emphasis: 'Gentlemen, you may laugh, but I could not have . slept well to-night if I had not saved those birds. Their cries would have rung in my ears.'" Lincoln's Religious Opinions. . . "I have often been asked," said Mr. Speed further, ' -'what were Mr.' Lincoln's religious opinions. When I knew him in early life he was a skeptic. ;He had tried hard to be a believer, but his reason' could not grasp and solve ; the great problem of redemption as taught. He was very cau- tious, never, to ' give' 'expression to any thought or sentiment "that -would grate harshly. upon a Christian's ear. For a sin- cere Christian he had 'great respect. He Often"* said that the most "ambitions man might -: live to : see : every hope fail, but no Christian could , live to % see ' his fail,*be-' cause * fulfillment ' could f only come ' when life ended. But this was a subject we nev- er discussed. g The only evidence I have of any change was in the summer before he was killed. I was invited out to the : Sol- diers'-" Home to spend the night. 1 As I en- tered the room near night he was -sitting near a window intently reading ' his Bible. Approaching him 1 said, 'I am glad to see you so profitably engaged.' . :..' :..;.,;. ... ",.' Yes, '^ said "he, 'I am profitably en- gaged.*, • \u25a0yyi '.; *' - •-':- '-iyiTyy, :.'/'\u25a0;\u25a0:\u25a0\u25a0': 'Well,' said I,'if you have recovered from your; skepticism ; I*, am " sorry to : say that 1 have not. "y "/- ; * • -"Looking me earnestly >in the face and placing his hand on my shoulder he said : 'You are wrong, Speed. Take all of this book upon reason that you can and the balance on faith and you will live and die a happier man.' " One of .Lincoln's Deeds of Mercy. / "The last time I saw him was about two weeks before bis assassination. He . sent me word by my brother James, then in his Cabinet, that he desired to see me before I went home. I went into his office about 11 o'clock. He looked jaded and weary. I stayed in the room till his hour for call- ers was over; he ordered the door closed, and looking over to where I was sittine asked me to draw up " my chair. But in- stead of being alone! as he supposed, in the opposite ;• direction from ';where I sat and across the fireplace from : him, sat two ! humble-looking women. Seeing them there seemed to provoke him and he said: •Well, ladies, what can Ido for you?' One was an old woman, the other young. They both commenced talking at.. once. The President * soon | comprehended them. 'I suppose,' said, he, 'that your son and your husband is in prison for resisting the draft in Western Pennsylvania. Where is your petition?' ' \u25a0 . "The old lady replied: 'Mr. Lincoln, I have no petition ; I went to a lawyer to get one drawn and I had not the money to pay him and conic- here, too, so I thought I would 'just come and ask you to let me have my boy.' " .'And it is your husband you want said he, turning to" the young woman. 'y'- "'Yes,' said she." , , \ .?.-".. "He rang his bell and called his servant, and bade him to go and tell General Dana to bring him the list or prisoners for resist- ing the draft in Western Pennsylvania. "The general soon came/bringing a pack- age of papers. The President opened it, and counting the names said, 'General, there are twenty-seven of these men. Is there any difference in the degree of their guilt?' --.*\u25a0*.:.--. . " 'No,' said the general; 'it is a bad case and a merciful finding.' '• 'Well,' said the President, looking out of the window and seemingly talking to himself, 'these poor fellows have, I think, suffered enough ; they have been in prison fifteen months. I have been thinking so for some time and have said so to Stanton, and he always threatened to resign if they were released. But he has said so about other matters and never did, so now while I have the paper in my hand I willturn out the flock.' So he wrote, 'Let the pris- oners named in the within page be dis- charged,' and signed it. The general made his bow and left. Then turning fo j the la- dies he said, 'Now, ladies, you can go. Your son, madam, and your husband, madam, is free.' yy.yV;. ./\u25a0 "The young woman ran across to him and began to kneel. He took her by the elbow and said impatiently. 'Get up, get up; none. of this.' But the . old woman walked to him, wiping with her apron the tears that were coursing down her cheeks. She gave him her hand and looking into his face, said, 'Good by, Mr. Lincoln. We will never meet again till we meet in heaven.' • .-* *.'_ : '.v ;;y- ,*; - "Achange came over 'his sad and weary face. He clasped her hand in both of his and followed her to the door, saying as he went, 'With all I have to cross me here, I am afraid I will never get there, but your wish that you willmeet me there has fully paid me for all I have done for you.' "We were then alone. He drew his chair to the fire and sai^ 'Speed, I am a little alarmed about myseW; just feel my hand.' It was cold and clammy. He pulled off his boots, and putting his feet to the fire the heat made them steam. I said overwork was producing nervousness. 'No,' said he, 'I am not tired.' I said, 'Such a scene as I have just witnessed is enough to make you nervous.' 'How much you are mistaken,' said he, 'I have made two people happy to-day. I have given a mother her son and a wife her husband. That" young woman is a counterfeit, but the old' woman is a true mother.' " i:iyy. . -•:\u25a0 . >- \u25a0 Copyright, 1895, br S. S. McClurei limited. Joshua P. Speed. PROTECTION OF CREDITS. Merchants to Form an Asso- ciation to Effect That End. ~.''y\.. Names of Those Who Expect by This Means to Prevent . Abuses. \ c .-.-• A call has been issued for a meeting at the rooms ,of the Board of Trade next Wednesday afternoon for the purpose of organizing "The Merchants' Credit Asso- ciation of California," described as "an in- stitution formed among the merchants for mutual protection of credits." ",Vyy. In a preliminary circular the objects of the proposed association are thus further explained: .... For years the wholesale merchants of San Francisco have suffered heavily from the abuse bf the credit they extend to their customers. Many retail merchants take advantage of com- petition to extend the limit usually given for the payment of goods, and, dealing with sev- eral wholesale houses in the same trade, be- come indebted far beyond their means of re- covery. This in the end results infailure, and a consequent loss to the wholesale merchant. It is the purpose now of the wholesale trade to prevent much of this loss by means of an as- sociation which, by the system of inquiry among the members, will ascertain the indebt- edness and credit standing of a retail mer- chant.; This information is confidentially given to each member in the aggregate, and with it he is either assured or warned of an applicant for credit. The tone of the retail trade will be raised as another result of this association, and it is confidently hoped that its effect will be felt throughout the State. The wholesale grocers were . the first to see the necessity of establishing such an organiza- tion and alter eighteen months of practical demonstration among' themselves they en- deavored to extend itto kindred lines, and the Merchants' Credit Association is the outcome. The membership roll for organization now in- cludes the wholesale grocers, tea, coffee and spice houses, tobacco, provision, flour and the Wholesale Liquor Association, and all are en- thusiastic over the prospects of this protection to their profit-and-loss account. Itis expected all other wholesale lines will join and perfect the organization. ... Acommittee of prominent merchants have framed a constitution and by-laws and in a few days a meeting will be called, to which all wholesale lines will be invited, to -adopt a constitution and by-law and take steps toward incorporation.- y, ...-.< . Similar associations were formed some time past in Eastern cities and in every case have proven successful in saving a very large per- centage of loss falling to the lot of the whole- salers. rg§S»**«3S^S3bl&i£^(NgK.* . :Those eligible to membership in this organiz- ation are wholesale dealers, manufacturers and commission houses. . -.-..\u25a0 ' Aperfectly working system has already been inaugurated and the future, as explained to our reporter, certainly is bright .for the San Francisco and Sacramento business man— the latter also is to be invited to join this enter- prise. * '• - • .- •.-.- • '-.\u25a0,'\u25a0.*\u25a0•,, . The jobbing business in California will thus be in way to improve the condition of trade over the large extent of territory it governs, as well as immediately protect.! lf from the loss it heretofore has experienced. . , . . \u25a0 > Among the merchants who have already signified their willingness to participate in the organization of the association are : ? \ * '-' Haas Bros., Wellman, reck &Co., Mau, Sad- ler C 0.,. William Cluft* Company, Hooper & Jennings, Coghill & Bohn.^M. Khrman «fc Co. Harris Bros. & Co., M. & C. Mangels, F. Peter- son & Co.. F. Danert & . Co/, Tillmatin & Ben- del; Jones -& i Co., * Wheaton, Bredn & Co., Dodge,' Sweeney & Co., The Wertljeimer . Co., hsberg, Bachman ,_ Co., M. Blasko'wer & Co. Michaii ; Bros. & - Co. : Kenaldo Bros. & Co., Willard Bros.,- William Lewis & Co., Op- penheimer &Bros., Sideman. . Lachman ; &Co., Horn &Co., J. A.Folger & Co.i A. Schilling & Co., Castle.. Bros., M. J. Brandenstein , & Co., Hills Bros,,- W. H. Miner &<3o,f Stockton- Mill- ing Company, Sperry.Flour Company, Deming. Palmer Milling Company, 'Del * Monte Milling Company and the wholesale liquor trade. \u25a0-- -' : Experiments withthe great cannon mag- net at WiJlet's Point show that the body of a person ;. standing in front of it will sup- port iron bars standing out at a right angle,- while the nerves are wholly unconscious of the ' magnetic % force. This ".* great \ magnet has-been- chiefly 'studied >. by electricians, but clearly physiologists ' also have much tolearn from it. QUERY COLUMN * If correspondents neglect to give correct names and addresses they must not be disappointed -if i there is .no answer to the communication. The names are not for publication, but for reference. ' Questions will . be answered us soon as possible after they are received. '_, Sometimes an answer cannot be had sooner than three weeks after start- ingthe inquiry. :.- , • * '\u25a0'--\u25a0•• •'"'\u25a0"\u25a0 i Questions the answers to which willamount to an advertisement of any business or article will not be answered. - — ." ; >.. , . Questions asklnj: for the standing of any in- dividual or firm willnot be answered. • "Noquestions in arithmetic, algebra or geometry wiil lie answered. * Material for debaters will not be furnished. Keligious questions respectfully declined. \u25a0W. H. lIAM»fOX. Forecast Official. Chaboks Against a Vessel N. L. R., Selma, Fresno County,, Cal. From the time that a ves- sel enters the port of San Francisco until she leaves she is subject to the following charges: On entering, survey, $3; entry, $2 50: official certificate and oath, "20 cents; 'general order, 20 cents.. Clearance: Clearance papers, $2 50; official certificate and oath, 20 cents; post en- try, if any, $2 ; tonnage tax . on vessels from any foreign port in North America, north of the southern part of the isthmus of D.arien or any port of Newfoundland, the West Indies or the Hawaiian Islands. 3 cents per ton; on ves- sels from other foreign ports, ii cents per ton; pilotage. on vessels over 500 tons, $5 per foot draught and 4 cents per register ton; towage from sea to anchorage varies from* $100 to $250, according to distance and condition of the weather. - . Under ordinary circumstances the charges against a vessel of 2000 tons for harbor work would be as follows: Docking at the city front, $30; to Tort Costa to load, $130; Port Costa to stream, $130; stream to sea, $110. Dockage on ft vessel of 2000 tons regis- ter is $17 50 for twenty-four hours. No charge is made by the customs officers for weighing cargo. Stevedores' rates for unloading are: General merchandise, weight or measure, 37}£ cents per ton; coal, pig iron or ballast, same; steel blooms, glass, sheet or bar iron, 50 cents; sulphur or shale, when over 50 tons,. 50 cents; railroad iron, coke or brick, 70 cents; scrap iron, $1. Loading: Wheat and flour in bags, per ton of 2240 pounds, 37-;, cents; barley, per ton of 2000 pounds, 37. _ cents ; salmon and fruits, in- cases per ton ot 2240 pounds, 50 cents; orchil- la, cotton and pulp, in small lots of 2240 pounds per ton, 50 cents; lumber according to size,' from $1 to $1 25 per M. These charges are subject to reduction of from 15 to 28 per cent under contract. ; Drydock: On vessels over 2000 tons, 20 cents per" day for every ton registered, 20 cents for lay days, the maximum not to exceed $50 per day for cleaning and painting only, SO cents for the first day and 10 cents each lay day. The cargo is charged the same as tonnage, but no charge is made.for ballast. The cost for cleaning and painting a 1700-ton vessel is $275, if the contractor fur- nishes the materials, but if the ship furnishes them the cost is but $150. A ship's clerk ls paid so a day, ballast costs 80 cents a ton of 2000 pounds, water is half a, cent per gallon. Adetailed account of a ship of 1825 tons in the harbor 52 days, which unloaded 2750 tons of cement and loaded 2825 tons of wheat, shows that all the charges, which include port charges of .every description and the fitting out of the .vessel, amount to $9395 77. Another vessel of 2278 tons register in port 60 days and loaded' with 3(>29 tons of wheat out- ward bound had an account which footed up $8223 13. \u25a0• . . * i The Camera Club—a. X.. City. The initia- tion fee of the California Camera Club is $10 for active members and the duessl per month. Lady relatives 'of the active members may be- come members, known as 'assistants," upon payment of dues in the sum of 50 cents a month. Active and assistant members are en- titled to all the benefits of the literature in the clubrooms, the use of dark-rooms and appli- ances for developing negatives and the use of portrait cameras, which are of the class known as 11x14. Those members who desire to take exterior views must furnish their own cameras for that purpose. Subscribing members do not have the privileges that are extended to active and assistant members, but they are allowed a certain number of tickets to the exhibitions given by the club. An amateur who joins has the benefit of all the latest information of pho- tography and the use of the rooms and appli- ances for developing pictures, also an oppor- tunity to see slides sent by like organizations in other cities. < Kindergarten Teachers— A. J. L., Irvington, Alameda County, Cal. ' One who wishes to be- come a successful kindergartner must, first of all, have a good, substantial common school education; but if there has been a thor- ough high school, collegiate or university course it is so much the better. There must be good moral character, sincere love for children and an enthusiasm for teaching. The appli- cant for a course in kindergarten work should possess musical ability, as special training in music is an important feature in a kinder- garten course of instruction. A kindergarten student needs all her strength and time to pur- sue her studies. \u25a0 A communication addressed to Mrs. Sarah B. Cooper of tho Golden Gate Free Normal Training School, San Francisco, will be responded to with all the information desired about the training of kindergartiiers. : Telegraphing— H. M., City. A dispatch of 1000 words sent through a Morse instrument in good condition from this City to Sacramento would take about twenty minutes. It would go to New York on a straight wire in the same length of time and without greater exertion on the part of the operator. If the message had to be repeated at Chicago it would take a tew minutes more. A ten-word message would take but a few seconds to go from here to New York for electricity travels at the rate of 15,000 miles per second. The name of the winner of the Epsom Derby, Juno 4, 1890, was received in New York from London at 10:08 a.m., or 3:08 p. m., Greenwich time. As that was the lime the message was handed in at the London office the time In transmission was infinites- imal. ~ .\u25a0-\u25a0.'.-\u25a0- _v \u0084-.-\u25a0 j The Naval Reserves— O. O. Y.S., City. The same qualifications that are required of those who wish to enlist in the National Guard of this State are required of those who wish to join the Naval Reserves. The only difference between the two organizations is that in the guard the men enlist while in the reserves they, are shipped. The applicant must be a citizen of the United States, a resident of the: county in which he desires to ship, must be between 18 and 45 years of age, ana if under 21 must have the consent of parent or guardian to ship. An application may be sent to any > of .the com- panies of the battalion and it will be acted upon. "* - • . '."----'. - A Policeman's Right— C. F., City. . A police- man has no right to inflict physical punish- ment on a person guilty of a crime instead of arresting him. If a policeman detects a person in the act of > committing a crime, or has rea- sonable grounds to believe thafcsuch a person has committed a felony, it is his duty to arrest such person ajid take him forthwith before the nearest and most accessible magistrate, but as a magistrate is not always to be found the offi- cer is required to take his prisoner to a place of detention for safe keeping. It is only when a policeman strikes in self-defense that his right to inflict physical punishment on a pris- oner is recognized. . . , .; . ... ,-' » Shipping Gold—Marines, Mare Island, Solano County, Cal.' Five - millions in gold might be shipped from San Francisco to London insuch a way that there, would not be any loss In weight. That is if it were packed so that there would not be any friction of pieces,' and so no Joss.-. It the gold were in twenty-dollar pieces and these Were 'packed in such a way.that on the voyage they would chafe" each other, each coin so chafed would dose a trifle in weight,' but what that would be could not be told with- out weighing. > The ' effect would \be the same as coin carried for a long time in * the pocket. In time it becomes worn so that a perceptible difference in weight can be discerned. * \u25a0\u25a0•\u25a0." ' To.Yosemite—E. W., City. If a person in the city of Stockton wished ,to • tramp ito the Yo- semite Valley it would be wisest : ,for him to take the train to Milton, and from there follow; the old stage road, which willgive him an op-' portunity to enjoy as much scenery as he will care for. %There is no more danger in tramping alone over that road than there is over any of the roads of the State. . * Irish-American— J. H. M., City. The latest definition lof Irish-American is that to be found in the Century.Dictionary. of 1890 and in the Standard Dictionary ;of the English Language, edition of 1893. The former says: "Pertaining to persons ofIrishbirth or descent living in the United States ; a person :of Irish birth settled Inthe United States, or a native American ofIrish parentage." The latter says: "Irish-American— pertaining to Irish who live in America; a native of Ireland settled in America; said universally of citizens of the United States who are of Irish birth or parentage." \u25a0 The Cup Defender— Broadway, City. The followingare the dimensions of the cup de- fender Vigilant: Length load water line,86.19 feet; end of main boom to forward side of mast, 99.37 ; fore side of mast to jibstay, 73.80; fore side of -mast to jibstay topsail, 75.90; fore side of mast to forward jibof measure- ment. 74.85; fore side of mast to outer end of spinnaker boom, 74.62; deck to upper side of main boom, 3.08 ; deck to top side of halliard- block, 125.96: deck to hounds, 69.08; length of topmast, 50.88; length of gaff, 54.76; sail area, 11,272; square root Of sail area, 106.17; racing length, 96.78. yy The Tides— A. T. M., Edna, San Luis Obispo County, Cal. If you live five miles inland, but desire to keep posted upon the rise and fall of the tides in your vicinity, consult the "Time Tables for. the Pacific . Coast," a Government, publication, which may be had by inclosing 25 cents to the Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D. C. It is a book of over 200 pages, prepared under the direction of the Chief of the Tidal Division of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. r • : The Sutro Baths—G..W. H., Sebastopol, So- noma County, Cal. The size of the Sutro Baths is 500x275 feet. There are six tanks. The largest is in the shape of an L, measuring 2'.'5x150 feet. There is another 75x50 feet and four tnat- measure 75x28 feet. It' takes 1,000,000 gallons to tillthe tanks. • There ; are between 400 and 500 dressing-rooms. In the smaller tanks the water is heated, in the four smaller ones it being graduated. It is esti- mated that the baths when complete will cost over $750,000. ' The San: Joaquin Road— C. Livermore, Alameda County, Cal. When the San Joaquin Valley Railroad will be ready to run trains none but the most experienced .in railroading will be employed. There will not be any com- petitive examination for positions such as bag- gage clerk, messenger's clerk or conductor. Any one who wishes to apply for a position can send a written application to the main office in this City and it will be placed on the regular file. \u25a0,:'-.;- . ' \u0084 --'-...\u25a0. :\u25a0-• -.. The Fence Law— C. D., City. The law- does not permit the putting up of fences of whatever material to a greater height than ten feet.. That has been the law since 1885, and it is general, but there. is an ordinance of this City that requires that in the lire limits fences built of brick or stone or concrete "shall not be less than \u25a0 twelve inches in thickness for a height of eight feet, and shall be increased four inches more in thickness for every four feet or part thereof of additional height." San Francisco Forts— H. D. M..City. Fort Winfield Scott at Fort Point has been con- demned, and is no j longer . looked upon as a part of the fortifications to protect the harbor. The fort on Aleatraz Island is 'in good condi- tion. The several batteries that have been erected on both shores of the bay are of the best class, the one that is located above Fort Winfield Scott being the most powerful. There are good batteries on Aleatraz and Angel Isl- ands. - \u0084•" * -\u25a0... ; Silver for Pensioners— J. W. McK., Ocean View, San Francisco County, Call There is nothing to prevent a pensioner from receiving his pension in silver if he -desires to have the white metal, instead of gold. If all pensions were paid in silver Instead of gold, the amount of yellow metal the Government could retain for other purposes would amount to many mil- lions in a year. The disbursements for pen- sions in1894 amounted to $140,772,103 18. i POLL Tax—M. C. M.,, Fresno, : Call The As- sessor 'of this County, whose duty it is to col- lect poll tax, holds that it is the : duty of the employer to furnish a list, of all - men ;in his employ; that the 'Assessor must make a per- sonal demand on - each . individualI before he can serve a notice of garnishment on - the em-* ployer, that is if^the. party liable for the tax , refuses to pay. The same rule applies to road < taX. r -;*y •• ; Vy- •' - ' ';',' y : "''\u25a0•\u25a0';\u25a0' ' - v*-. *\u25a0 ~.\u25a0Vy-i -'^ \u25a0 '' • Willis^ and ; DixoN-Abe Willis i and George Dixon fought on the 28th of July, 1891. Willis' record \u25a0? and the 1 chronological record of the fv?m. r i ng for; B !*' en . ; years fails to show that Willis ever gave battle to Danny Mahoney -*•* " \u25a0: ETiQUETTE-Ignorance. City. Writers on eti- quette ; say, that a formal call on a lady should be , made in ..\u25a0 the evening never later than 9 o clock, and that It should never be prolonged later than 10 o'clock. \u25a0 Inmaking such a call <_ gentleman should carry his hal glSves aid cane into the parlor and hold them in his hands unless requested by the lady to lay them aside and spend the evening. 'Etiquette holds that umbrella, rubbers t and overcoat, when worn, must be . left inthe hall. If the gentle- man Intends to make a brief call he may.be al- lowed to retain his hat and cane in his hand. Confederate States— T. C. J., Oakland, Cal. The followingshows the population of each of the Confederate States at the time of the War of the Rebellion: Alabama, 964,201; Arkansas,' 435.450; Florida, 140,124; Georgia, 1,057,286; Louisiana, 708,002; Mississippi, 791,305; North Carolina, 992,622; South Carolina, 703,708; Tennessee, .1.109,801; Texas," 604,- --215, and Virginia, 1,596,318. ' Smooth Coin—Marines, Mare Island, Solano County, Cal. The United States does not re- deem smooth or short-weight coin at its face value. Such coins may be taken to the mint, where it will be exchanged for new. coin, but the amount allowed will be what the coin offered weighs, as bullion, and bullion rates will be allowed for it. The mint will not pur- chase less than $100 worth of such bullion at a time." *.*\u25a0 . \u25a0----\u25a0 Religious Question— S., City. At the head of the Query Column is printed the announce- ment that ."Religious questions are respectfully aeennea," ana as your question. is one the an- swer to which would lead to a controversy, it is "respectfully declined." If you will go to the free library you can consult the several encyclopedias there and gain information on the subject. * . *\u25a0 - * • • Shovelful— H._, R., City. The Query Column is unable to state who it is that is re- sponsible for the error of orthography, that ap- pears in the inscription on the statue erected to commemorate the turning of the first shovel- ful of earth at the Midwinter Fair grounds. .'•Shovelfull" is not -recognized as the correct way of spelling that word. Can Be Annulled— a., City. Ifa woman who adopted a girl at the age of 3 years forces that child to marry at the age of 15, that child can at any time within four years after the marriage have it annulled if she can satisfy a court ot competent jurisdiction that her con- sent to such marriage was . obtained by force, and that after the marriage she did not freely cohabit with the man to whom she was mar- ried. , . • .....rv.- Printing and Type— ll. ' M., City. Johannes Guttenbergis credited with being the first to have invented the art of printing— that is, em- ploying movable types in printing—in about 1452. Type founding originated about the same time inGermany, P. Shoeffer having sub- stituted types of cast metal for the original wooden types. *- \u25a0*\u25a0 .. • .:, How to Get Fat-A. X., Fruitvale, Alameda | County, Cal. It is impossible to lay down any rule by which persons may become fat. Cer- tain persons who are advised total farinaceous food, food containing a great deal of sugar and ! starch, and pastry, take on flesh very rapidly, I while others who »re thin and partake of th" I same diet, and in the same quantities, remain ! as thin as ever. *.-• Road Tax—M.L. B., Summit, Plumas County, Cal. The law authorizes the Supervisors of every county in this State to impose a road tax on every male inhabitant of the county who is over 21 years and under 55 years of ape "ex- cepting all persons who were honorably dis- charged from the service of the army or navy of the United States between the Ist" of April •1801, and the Ist of May, 1805." * yVy ' The Election-J. J., Oakland, Cal. Accord- ingto the majority rule California went Demo- cratic . at . the I last 'election for Presidential electors, as eight of the electors were for Cleve- and and one for Harrison, but according to a technical rule it was neither Republican nor Democratic, as the vote was divided. *- * ' - Colors of the Macleans-O. S., : Alameda, Cal. The color of the plaid of the Macleans is a; red i ground with green, yellow, blue yellow and green bars, the colors being & 'border £,««;*' £ m hos ? *- are of the saVe color. The bonnet is blue with a re ' top and ornamented with three eagle feathers. The tunic ? Is green" ' Ukuh-A Reader, City. r The reason that ex- cursion trains are not run to Ukiah, Mendocino ?™ml y ' °£ Sun,ia >'8 is that the company con- trolling the road finds that there is not Vn. ttcient travel to warrant it in putting on reeu lar excursion trains. _>u««.b on regu- o^S^& } BDL "°*-G. * C.. - City. On the ft« £?£" W , ere in the San Francisco Mint J pr^?n^ Flying Dutch«ian-g. 8., City. : The race be oT^ F n Jinß DUtChm;u and Voltigeur wt lor the. Doncaster cup. September, 1850. Voltigeur won by half a length. That is the only information the Query Column can obtain on this subject. ' -•' \u25a0>-. --. • ' .. . - .-. . •.' A Bologna 3*750 Feet in Length. : The revival of the trades after the long Istagnation which followed in the wake of I the crusaders was responsible, for many I fantastic procession freaks in the larger : towns of Western Europe. . . '.* . yy For an instance we are told that in the councillor's, procession, which took . place j at Nuremberg in 1487. the bakers '*\u25a0 of the town exhibited a loaf ' of bread weighing 1141 pounds, and that in the procession a cheesemaker exhibited a "star-shaped cheese which put three horses on their mettle •to ' pull it through the streets I mounted on a goodly dray. ' '•> "' [ '; The old account further- says that this [ bread and cheese, which was distributed I free of charge among the merry-makers, "was dinner sufficient for upwards of 3000 persons."' In the New Year's procession at Konigsberg in- 1558' a bologna sausage exhibited *by the "butchermen*,' was 622 feet in length and was carried on the shoulders of 67 men and bo vs. The one exhibited' in the same city in the year 1583 was over. 1600 feet in length ' and "weighed 434 pounds. But the giant of all sausages and perhaps the largest thing of the kind ever made, was exhibited by the Konigs- berg butchers on New Year's day in 1601 when they paraded the streets with a bo- logna 3750 feet in length and weighing nearly 2000 pounds. It was carried on the shoulders of187 men, the first and last in the column each having it wound around their necks.— St. Louis Republic. " ' 16 THE SAN FRAN CISCO CALL, SUNDAY, JUNE 23, 1895. rfl NOLAN 111 BROS. J :%\SHOE*CO. : Buy ynnr Shoes direct from the manufacturer and save the jobbers', drummers' and agents' pro- tits. We .retail . shoes at wholesale' prices., We have the largest store, and by far the largest stock to select from. .- < • - - ..' - . NOLAN BROS. ."; : SHOE COMPANY, \ ... phelan '\u25a0 building, ' " 812-814 MARKET STREET. TELEPHONE 5527. DR. PIERCES GALVANIC \u25a0^'\u25a0:>r!$SM&&. -. B _Ejl ' 'i^^l^^^yiKja^C-'-vv.' *CTi «*•J» <m "^ •fy", \CTZi , J. 'V.i M. r \u25a0 • .. r» 1 LLNJ ; T. F „ YOsHaYx_ Adtfa tired op lam speeoy and'. il\> permanent , cure »I 1 ',""* \ r >".* 1 -^*n.HTrY7 It do", UK y ork 'SSSSSHSSa rail, glvin * We" aud vteoivto weak Belt •?,","? w>m<* «\u25a0-» if *'- v »ft Get an Kl.-crrH Sm^'^"!?. 10 *? 1 *;* 00 * one wWlo you are about it. Dr. Pierces Belt is fully described In opr n vJS l }* ' French and German pamphlet TI USSroVnJ M 1 "^ ' ASESmTmUSSmW [ K s 4° c i4of- Fierce), 704 Sacramento « j San Iranclsco. oflice hours: 8 a v till ?.« Sundays from 9 to 10 A . m. only. P ' *" \u25a0 I&. These tiny Capsules are superior l^\! t0 Balsaia of Copaiba, s^i I*2 lS? 01 * a ? d Injections. (AQW] ISmf a y cure m4B hours th ° V-^ *%2^ same diseases without anyinsonl SOLD BYALL DRUGGISTS ...".".*.'. \u25a0. --" " .. \u25a0* NEW TO-DAT. -'"' w -.-^~---~--~^*--U^_^ v^ w __. WOULDN'T YOU LIKE TO HELP YOUR SWEET WIFE ? _r WHEN WHEN WHEN' WHEN WHEN SHE SHE SHE SHE y SHE IS FEELS HAS - CAN'T * IS WEAK? "DOWN"? PAINS? WORK? NERVOUS? No one knows better than a husband does how, many ailments, there are which the weaker.sex have to which the stronger half of \ humanity is not prone. And it has been asserted and is probably true that the hardest problem that ever confronted a physician was to produce a medicine which women could take at all times with per- . feet safety, and which at the same time would do their delicate- systems unmixed ~ good. But DR. HENLEY most completely solved the matter when he produced the';"';: grand combination of Celery,. Beef and Iron, which bears his name. It is the most efficient tonic and stimulant on earth, and.you ought to get a case for your wife. .. \u25a0 You willnever regret it, so much good will it do her. ' - ' ._________rfr^^*^ r * •\u25a0- 1 "'"* * *'^_.' t—s?s& 'W*i **tt**y rtf '* v^^^^l^^^. Take no substitute under any consideration, for no matter WHAT any one may tell you, there is nothing so good.