Above- and Below-ground Biomass and Soil Organic Carbon Inventories of Willow Biomass Crops Across a 19-year Chronosequence Renato S. Pacaldo*, Timothy A. Volk, Lawrence P. Abrahamson, and Russell D. Briggs Department of Forest and Natural Resource Management, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210 8TH BIENNIAL SRWC OPERATIONS WORKING GROUP CONFERENCE SHORT ROTATION WOODY CROPS IN A RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
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Above- and Below-ground Biomass and Soil
Organic Carbon Inventories of Willow Biomass
Crops Across a 19-year Chronosequence
Renato S. Pacaldo*, Timothy A. Volk, Lawrence P. Abrahamson, and
Russell D. Briggs
Department of Forest and Natural Resource Management, SUNY College of
Environmental Science and Forestry,
1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210
8TH BIENNIAL SRWC OPERATIONS WORKING GROUP CONFERENCE
SHORT ROTATION WOODY CROPS IN A RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE:
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
OverviewOverview
IntroductionIntroduction
MethodsMethods
site selection and laysite selection and lay--out of sampling plotsout of sampling plots
belowground biomassbelowground biomass
aboveground biomassaboveground biomass
soil organic carbonsoil organic carbon
Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion
biomass accumulation pattern across a 19biomass accumulation pattern across a 19--yr yr chronosequencechronosequence
on belowon below-- and aboveand above--ground biomassground biomass
aboveabove-- and belowand below--ground biomass ratioground biomass ratio
soil organic carbonsoil organic carbon
ConclusionConclusion
IntroductionIntroduction
Short Rotation Willow Biomass Crops:Short Rotation Willow Biomass Crops:
Carbon Neutral (Carbon Neutral (KeoleianKeoleian and Volk, 2005)and Volk, 2005)
OROR
Low Carbon Fuel?Low Carbon Fuel?
IntroductionIntroduction
Previous Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) (Heller et al. 2003):Previous Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) (Heller et al. 2003):
Willow biomass crops: low carbon fuel source
3.7 Mg CO2eqv ha-1 emissions over the 22 year lifespan
499 Mg CO2eqv ha-1 accumulated in above ground woody biomass
over 22 years
IntroductionIntroductionMost studies focused on aboveground biomass
production
Limited data available on below ground biomass
Previous LCA estimate assumed belowground
biomass accumulation occurred over 3 rotations based
on harvested yield and shoot:root ratio of 1.75.
Why Important?
Belowground biomass is essential for determining
GHG balances and C allocation dynamics
IntroductionIntroduction
On soil organic carbon (SOC)
Ulzen-Appiah (2002) reported no measurable
changes in soil C in willow coppice systems
production for 12 years.
SOC in hybrid poplar declined at early stage
(Hansen, 1993) and then increased after 5
years (Grigal and Berguson, 1998; Coleman et.
al., 2004).
Same pattern across a 19-yr chronosequence?
ObjectivesObjectivesTo inventory aboveTo inventory above-- and belowand below--ground biomass and soil ground biomass and soil
organic matter (SOM) across a 5organic matter (SOM) across a 5--, 12, 12--, 14, 14--, and 19, and 19-- year year
old willow (SV1 old willow (SV1 -- Salix Salix dasycladosdasyclados) ) chronosequencechronosequence. .
Variables measuredVariables measured
Biomass:Biomass:
leaves, stems, and aboveground stoolleaves, stems, and aboveground stool
fine root, coarse root, and belowground stoolfine root, coarse root, and belowground stool
total aboveground and total belowgroundtotal aboveground and total belowground
RootRoot--shoot ratioshoot ratio
SOM in 15 cm increments to 45 cm soil depth SOM in 15 cm increments to 45 cm soil depth
HH00: there is no significant difference in above: there is no significant difference in above-- and and
belowbelow-- ground biomass and soil organic carbon by age.ground biomass and soil organic carbon by age.
Planted
1995
Planted
1990
Planted
2004
Study Sites
3 sites at Tully and 1 site at Lafayette, NY
Planted
1997
6 plots/ site
Site characteristics
Tully:
Soil: gravelly silt loam, well-drained
High Meadows, Lafayette Road
Soil: gravelly silt loam, well-drained to somewhat
poorly drained
shallow bedrock and fragipan in some locations
MAP ≈ 960 mm
MAT ≈ 8 C
Study Sites
SpeciesSpecies
Salix Salix dasycladosdasyclados (SV1)(SV1)
5-year old willow crop 19-year old willow crop
During inventory period, the stems had been
growing for two years since the last cutting
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4 m
5 m
Sampling ProcedureSampling Procedure
Taking samples for stem biomass
Leaf biomass, above- and below-ground stools biomasses
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Sampling ProcedureSampling Procedure
Take representative
plant within sampling
plot
Cut the
stool
Harvest leaves and stems
aboveground
stool
belowground
stool
Fine roots
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2 ft
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5 ft
3.5 ft
2 ft
sampling pit
Sampling ProcedureSampling Procedure
composite soil samples
for fine root biomass
hand pick the fine roots and
oven-dry at 65 C for 15 days
Fine roots
Sampling depth: 45 cm in 15
cm interval
Coarse roots (> 2 mm diameter)
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3.5 ft
2 ft
Sampling ProcedureSampling Procedure
Soil organic matter (SOM) in 15cm increments
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4 m
5 m
soil sample for total
SOM determination
by loss on ignition
(LOI)
measure coarse
fragment volume2 mm sieve
Sampling ProcedureSampling Procedure
Statistical AnalysisStatistical Analysis
ANOVA to find out significant difference of ANOVA to find out significant difference of
biomass and SOC by age classesbiomass and SOC by age classes
if the results are significantly different, if the results are significantly different,
treatment means are compared by Least treatment means are compared by Least