.3 . TIM COOK Timothy Donald Cook (born November 1, 1960) is an American business executive and industrial engineer. Cook is the chief executive officer of Apple Inc., and previously served as the company's chief operating officer under its cofounder Steve Jobs. Born Timothy Donald Cook November 1, 1960 (age 58) Mobile, Alabama, U.S. Employer IBM (1982– 1994)Intelligent Electronics (1994– 1998), Compaq (1998), Apple Inc. (1998–present) Board of Nike Inc. Signature Cook joined Apple in March 1998 as a senior vice president for worldwide operations, and then served as the executive vice president for worldwide sales and operations. [5] He was made the chief executive on August 24, 2011, prior to Jobs' death in October of that year. During his tenure as the chief executive, he has advocated for the political reformation of international and domestic surveillance, cybersecurit y, corporate taxation, American manufacturing, and environmental preservation. AUTOMATION Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human assistance. [1] Automation [2] or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention. Automation covers applications range from a household thermostat controlling a boiler, to a large industrial control system with ten of thousands of input measurements and output control signals. In control complexity, it can range from simple on-off control to multi-variable high- level algorithms. Minimum human intervention is required to control many large facilities such as this electrical generating station. In the simplest type of an automatic control loop, a controller compares a measured value of a process with a desired set value, and processes, Machine Learning Machine learning (ML) is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use in order to perform a specific task effectively without using explicit instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead. It is seen as a subset of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model based on sample data, known as "training data", in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to perform the task. Machine learning and data mining Machine learning algorithms are used in a wide variety of applications, such as email filtering, and computer vision, where it is infeasible to develop an algorithm of specific instructions for performing the task. Machine learning is closely related to computational statistics, which focuses on making predictions using computers. The study of mathematical optimization delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field of machine learning. Data mining is a field of study within machine learning, and focuses on exploratory data analysis through unsupervised learning. In its application across business problems, machine learning is also referred to as predictive analytics. The name machine learning was coined in 1959 by Arthur Samuel. Tom M. Mitchell provided a widely quoted, more formal definition of the algorithms studied in the machine learning field: "A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance measure P if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E." This definition of the tasks in which machine learning is concerned offers a fundamentally operational definition rather than defining the field in cognitive terms. This follows Alan Turing's proposal in his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", in which the question "Can machines think?" is replaced with the question "Can machines do what we (as thinking entities) can do?". In Turing's proposal the various characteristics that could be possessed by a thinking machine and the various implications in constructing one are exposed. ABOUT STARTUP Techcrunch TechCrunch’s Startup Battlefield is the world’s preeminent startup competition. Startup Battlefield features 15-30 top early stage startups pitching top judges in front of a vast live audience, present in person and online. Teams go through an intensive mini- accelerator for 8 weeks before each event, honing their business models and pitches. Startups pitch on stage for six minutes, followed by an intense question and answer session with top investors, entrepreneurs, and technologists, including prominent Silicon Valley figures like Marissa Mayer, Ron Conway, Fred Wilson and Roelof Botha, among many others – just like an investment pitch meeting. in such a way that the process stays at its set point despite disturbances. This closed-loop control is an application of negative feedback to a system. The mathematical basis of control theory was begun in the 18th century and advanced rapidly in the 20th. Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes and ships typical ly use all these combined techniques. The benefit of automation includes labor savings, savings in electricity costs, savings in material costs, and improvements to quality, accuracy, and precision. The World Bank's World Development Report 2019 shows evidence that the new industries and jobs in the technology sector outweigh the economic effects of workers being displaced by automation. The term automation, inspired by the earlier word automatic (coming from automaton), was not widely used before 1947, when Ford established an automation department. ] It was during this time that industry was rapidly adopting feedback controllers, which were introduced in the 1930s.