ABOUT THE COURSE - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/VHSE-Curriculum/r ac.pdf · tremendous progress in commercial refrigeration and air conditioning particularly after DuPont

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VHSE Curriculum

ABOUT THE COURSE

The Vocational Higher Secondary course was envisaged as a part of theNational Policy on Education (NPE)-1986 with the noble idea of securinga job along with education. The relevance of vocational education ishighly essential in this age of unemployment. Vocational Educationalsystem, which ensures a job along with higher education, stands alooffrom other systems of education. The twentieth century witnessedtremendous progress in commercial refrigeration and air conditioningparticularly after DuPont introduced Freon refrigerants. The newcentury has emerged with the introduction of new alternatives. Thevocational course in refrigeration and air conditioning intends toacquire refrigeration skills and update the knowledge to the presentworld.

Learning of refrigeration should be activity based, process oriented,learner centered, environmental based and life oriented. Refrigerationcontributes to increase the raising of living standards of the people ofall lands. The advances made in refrigeration in recent years are theresult of a team approach in which techniques, persons, engineers,scientists and others pool their skills and knowledge. The foundationon which new substances and materials are built is provided by science.This knowledge is applied to the refrigeration field by those whodesign, manufacture, install and maintain refrigeration equipment. Itis then made useful through subsequent planned research,development and practical application.

The application of the refrigeration principle is limit-less. The mostcommon use, and that readily recognized, is the preservation of food.Almost all products in the home, on the farm, in the business, inindustry or in the laboratories are in some way protected byrefrigeration. Thus refrigeration has become an essential technology inmodern living.

JOB ROLES

After the successful completion of the course on Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning the learner will be able to repair and service the followingequipments.

• Split Air conditioner

• Refrigerator

• Water cooler

• Bottle cooler

• Deep freezer

• Visi cooler

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REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING

• Walk in cooler

• Ice candy plant

• Cold storage

• Ice plants

• Package air conditioner

• Central air conditioner

• Automobile air conditioner

• Transport refrigeration

• Railway air conditioning

• Ship refrigeration & air conditioning

• Chilling units

SUBJECT APPROACH

Refrigeration contributes to the raising of living standards for the peopleof all lands. The advancement made in refrigeration in recent years arethe result of a team approach in which techniques, persons, engineers,scientists and others, pool their skills and knowledge. The foundationson which new substances and materials are built are provided byscience. This knowledge is applied to the refrigeration field by thosewho design, manufacture, install and maintain refrigeration equipment.It is then made useful through subsequent planned research,development and practical application.

The field of refrigeration and air conditioning education must equip thestudents to understand the basic principles of refrigeration science toface the growing challenges in the complex world. Hence the studentsare not listeners, but active participants of learning process. Teacher isa guide who assists the learner to acquire knowledge. A student canunderstand the basic principles of refrigeration through skilldeveloping activities, installation, and maintenance of industrial andcommercial refrigerating machine and also installation, service ofdomestic, industrial, commercial air conditioners.

The facilitator should be able:• To understand the ability of learners to diagnose and trouble shoot

the common faults of different refrigeration & air-conditioningmachines.

• To develop knowledge in technical field by connecting day to daylife.

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VHSE Curriculum

• To develop skills by practical experiments/projects/models/field visit/OJT etc.

• To familiarise and motivate the learner to acquire knowledge ontechnological developments in this field.

• To create awareness on environmental issues due to thetechnological impact remedial measures that can be adoptedalternatively.

• Make the student to achieve entrepreneurial ability.• To introduce the learner various avenues of job opportunities.

SYLLABUS

MODULE-1

Unit No: 1.1 Introduction to Refrigeration

Evolution of Refrigeration and Air conditioning-Refrigeration in dailylife-Methods of refrigeration-Application/use of refrigeration

Unit No: 1.2 Engineering Drawing

Drawing standards-Lettering and Numbering-Dimensioning-Orthographic Projection of Objects-Projection of Points-Projection ofLines-Projection of Planes-Cross Sectional views-Development ofSurfaces

Unit No: 1.3 Fitting

Study the application/use of fitting practice-Specification of fitting tools

Unit No: 1.4 Sheet Metal

Study the function, construction, working, use, and application-Specification of Sheet metal tools, instruments and equipment-Developments

Unit No: 1.5 Electronics

Basic electronic components-Basic Principles of semiconductors-Various sensors, remote control

Unit No: 1.6 Welding

Introduction to basic principles of Arc welding-Introduction to Oxy-acetylene welding processes and its regulator-Welding defects

Unit No: 1.7 Basic Refrigeration and Science Behind It

Function, working, use and specifications of refrigeration tools,instruments and equipment-Pressure & its measurements-Conversiontable of different units of pressure-Heat and Temperature-Differenttemperature scales, Thermometers-

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Units of heat-Sensible heat, latent heat, super heating and sub cooling-

Effect of pressure on saturation temperature-Vapourisation,evaporation, condensation.

Unit No: 1.8 Types of Refrigeration Systems

Simple flow diagram of Vapour compression refrigeration cycle-Simple flow diagram of Vapour absorption cycle-ElectroluxRefrigeration cycle - Ton of Refrigeration, COP, PH Diagram-Workingof vapour compression cycle- low side & high side of vaporcompression cycle-Applications of vapour compression cycle.

Unit No: 1.9 Refrigerants

Properties of refrigerants; Physical, chemical, thermodynamic-Primaryand secondary- Classification of refrigerants-Halocarbon, Azeotrope,Zoetrope, Hydrocarbon, Inorganic-Chemical name and formulae ofrefrigerants-Designation of refrigerants. Leak detection methods.Alternative refrigerants. ODP, GWP and its effects on environment

MODULE-2

Unit No: 2.1 Compressor

Function, construction, working, application of Compressor-reciprocating, centrifugal, rotary, scroll, screw type, wobble & swashplate-Wet & dry Compression- Lubrication oil; properties-Syntheticlubricants; Poly basic, poly alkaline-Lubrication Methods; Splash andforced feed.

Unit No: 2.2 Condenser

Function of condensers-Classification and applications of condensers-Air cooled; natural and forced, water cooled, shell and tube, shell andcoil, tube within tube, Evaporative-Performance of a condenser;material used for construction, contact area and velocity of coolingmedium.

Unit No: 2.3 Cooling Tower

Function and types of cooling towers; natural draft, forced draft coolingtowers-

Advantages of cooling towers

Unit No: 2.4 Expansion Valve

Functions of Expansion valves and its importance-Types andapplications of expansion devices; capillary tube, Hand operated,automatic, thermostatic, float valves, electronic and solenoid valves-Criteria of locating and fixing thermostatic expansion valve; thermalbulb

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VHSE Curriculum

Unit No: 2.5 Evaporator

Function of evaporators-Classification and applications of evaporators;flooded and dry expansion, bare tube, plate surface, finned, shell andtube, shell and coil-Natural and forced convection evaporator-Performance of an evaporator;Material used for construction, contactarea, evaporator temperature.

Unit No: 2.6 Defrosting

Need of defrosting in refrigeration-Different methods of defrosting;manual, electrical, hot gas and reverse cycle.

Unit No: 2.7 Refrigerant Piping and Accessories

Piping materials-suction line-discharge line-liquid line-Systemaccessories; oil separator, accumulator, refrigerant dehydrator,strainers, pressure relief valves, receiver tank-function, importance andapplication of accessories.

Unit No: 2.8 Common Refrigerating Machine

Domestic refrigerator-water cooler-deep freezer-walk-in cooler-coldstorage-display case-ice cube maker-ice candy-ice plant-function andapplication of each machine.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

MODULE 1

1.1. INTRODUCTION TO REFRIGERATON

1.1.1 Explore the evolution of refrigeration & air-conditioningand explain the concept of refrigeration

1.1.2 Illustrate different areas of application in refrigerationrelated with daily life

1.1.3 Distinguish between different methods of refrigeration1.1.4 Explain various situations, where we use refrigeration.

1.2. ENGINEERING GRAPHICS1.2.1 Use various Drawing Standards in appropriate situations1.2.2 Use proper lettering and Numbering while preparing

drawing sheets1.2.3 Use proper Dimensioning method1.2.4 Drawing of objects using Orthographic Projection methods1.2.5 Use proper angle of Projection to project lines1.2.6 Use proper angle of Projection to project planes1.2.7 Use proper angle of Projection to project points

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1.2.8 Drawing corss sectional View of an object1.2.9 Drawing developmental view of object

1.3 FITTING PRACTICE1.3.1 Describe various fitting practices in use.1.3.2 Use appropriate fitting tools for fitting

1.4 . SHEET METAL PRACTICE1.4.1 Explain the function, construction and working of sheet

metal and do sheet metal practice1.4.2 Describe the specification of sheet metal tools, instruments

& equipments and do work using them1.4.3 Do drawings work of sheet metal practice using the idea of

development.

1.5 . BASIC ELECTRONICS1.5.1 Identify & explain various electronic components in a PCB

(Printed Circuit Board)1.5.2 Explain the basic principles of semi-conductors1.5.3 Narrate various sensors and remark control and describe

its areas of application

1.6 . WELDING PRACTICE1.6.1 Explain basic principles, methods and areas of application

of arc welding1.6.2 Explain basic principles, methods and areas of application

of oxy-acetylene welding1.6.3 Identify the basic defects in welding process.

1.7 . BASIC REFRIGERATION1.7.1 Identify various refrigeration tools, instruments &

equipment and explain its function, working, use andspecification

1.7.2 Explain the concept of pressure and demonstrate itsmeasurement

1.7.3 Converts different unit of pressure1.7.4 Distinguish between heat and temperature1.7.5 Explain and converts different scales of temperature1.7.6 Identify different units of heat and describe sensible heat,

latent heat, super heating and sub cooling1.7.7 Explain effect of pressure on saturation temperature1.7.8 Explains vapourisation, evaporation and condensation

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VHSE Curriculum

1.8 . TYPES OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS1.8.1 Illustrate simple flow diagram of vapour compression

refrigeration cycle1.8.2 Illustrate simple flow diagram of vapour absorption

refrigeration cycle1.8.3 Explains the unit of refrigeration and describe COP with

the help of pH chart1.8.4 Explain working of VCRC; differentiate low side and high

side1.8.5 Identify the appliances which work on VCRS

1.9 . REFRIGERANTS1.9.1 Explain about the physical, chemical and thermodynamic

properties of refrigerant1.9.2 Classify refrigerants into primary and secondary and

grouping them as Halocarbon, Azeotrope, Zoetrope,Hydrocarbon, and Inorganic.

1.9.3 Identify Chemical name and formulae of refrigerants. Leakdetection

1.9.4 Identify the name of refrigerants by using refrigerantnumber and vice versa

1.9.5 Explain alternative refrigerants and understand theconcept of ODP and GWP

MODULE 2

2.1. COMPRESSOR2.1.1 Identify type of compressor, distinguish the working

differences and areas of applications2.1.2 Identify the type of compression processes and distinguish

between them2.1.3 Explain the properties of lubricating oils and describe

various types of lubricating oils2.1.4 Explain various lubrication methods-Splash and forced

2.2. CONDENSOR2.2.1 Describe the functions of condensers2.2.2 Classify, explain the working and applications of various

types of condensers2.2.3 Describe the performance of a condenser and explain

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various factors influence on performance

2.3. COOLING TOWER2.3.1 Explains the function of cooling tower, identifies various

types and distinguish between them2.3.2 List the advantages of cooling tower

2.4. EXPANSION VALVES2.4.1 Explain the function of expansion valves and describe their

importance in refrigeration2.4.2 Explain various types of expansion valve and identity its

areas of application2.4.3 Locate the position of thermal bulb

2.5. EVAPORATOR2.5.1 Describe the function of evaporator2.5.2 Classify, explain the working and applications of various

types of evaporators2.5.3 Describe the performance of an evaporator and explain

various factors

2.6. DEFROSTING2.6.1 Identify the need of defrosting and explain the process of

defrosting.2.6.2 Describe the different methods of defrosting

2.7. REFRIGERANT PIPING2.7.1 Identify the piping materials and locate the position of each

line such as suction line, liquid line and discharge line in arefrigeration cycle

2.7.2 Identify various system accessories in refrigeration cycle andexplain the function, importance and application of them

2.8. COMMON REFRIGERATING MACHINES2.8.1 Identify the common refrigerating machine and explain the

function, working and application of them

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VHSE Curriculum

SCHEME OF WORK

The course is divided into the following four modules. Each module isof six months duration.

Month Unit No. Name of Units Periods

June 1.1 Introduction to refrigeration 381.2 Drawing 30

July 1.3 Fitting 341.4 Sheet metal 34

August 1.5 Electronics 301.6 Welding 251.7 Basic refrigeration and science

behind it 13September 1.7 Basic refrigeration and science

behind it 601.8 Types of refrigeration systems 08

October 1.8 Types of refrigeration systems 191.9 Refrigerants 39

Assessment of module 10November 2.1 Compressor 68December 2.1 Compressor 22

2.2 Condenser 402.3 Cooling tower 06

January 2.3 Cooling tower 142.4 Expansion valve 302.5 Evaporator 24

February 2.5 Evaporator 082.6 Defrosting 242.7 Refrigerant piping and

accessories 36March 2.7 Refrigerant piping and

accessories 162.8 Common refrigerating

machines 42

Assessment of module 10

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COURSE STRUCTURE

The course is divided into the following four modules. Each module isof six months duration.

Sl .No Name of Module Total periods

1 Basic Refrigeration & Workshop 340Practice

2 Refrigeration Machines &Components 340

3 Split and Ductable Air-Conditioners 340

4 Application of Air-Conditioning &Controls 340

CLASS ROOM ACTIVITIES

The following class room activities may be practiced

• Animated Cds• Assignment• Brain storming• Chart display• Debate• Demonstration• Discussion• Games• Group discussion• Interaction with Expert• Owner's Manuals• Panel discussion• Product Catalogues• Seminar• Spoken tutorials• Stimulated/Virtual Lab• Technician Hand Book• Videos

VOCATIONAL SKILLS

• Analysing• Calculating

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VHSE Curriculum

• Classifying• Deriving• Diagnosis and trouble shooting• Experimenting• Marking• Measuring• Observing

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES• Practical works• Interaction with industrial experts• Collection• Model preparation• Industrial visit• Case study• OJT

ON THE JOB TRAINING

OJT is a programme for learners to construct knowledge and first-handexperience about Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning. It is intended to4 weeks training to each learner in a nearby refrigeration and airconditioning firm.

The important features of OJT:

• Help the students to achieve practical experience in realwork situations

• Create awareness about the field safety, discipline,punctuality in an industrial atmosphere.

• Help students to get knowledge in customer relation,advanced technologies, special tools and equipment used inongoing work sites

Certification of skills in each module

Certification will be based on the following:1 Certificate in Basic Refrigeration & Workshop Practice2 Certificate in Refrigeration Machines & Components3 Certificate in Split and Ductable Air-Conditioners4 Certificate in Application of Air Conditioning and Control

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STRUCTURE OF THE MODULE

Unit No. Name of Units Periods

1.1 Introduction to refrigeration:Introduction to workshop practice.Evolution of refrigeration andair conditioning. 38

1.2 Drawing: Basic engineering drawing 30

1.3 Fitting: Theory and practice of fitting. 34

1.4 Sheet metal: Theory and practice of sheetmetal work 34

1.5 Basic electronics: Study of electroniccomponents. 30

1.6 Welding: Theory and practice of welding. 25

1.7 Basic refrigeration and science behind it:Familiarization of refrigeration servicetools, basic science behind r & ac. 73

1.8 Types of refrigeration systems:Study of basic refrigeration cycles 27

1.9 Refrigerants: Familiarisation withdifferent refrigerants 39

Assessment of module 10

Total periods 340

30% periods - theory sessions and 70% periods - practical activities9

MODULE - 1

BASIC REFRIGERATION & WORKSHOP PRACTICE

Over view

This module is designed to impart the mechanical skill to the learner.On completion of this module the learner will get an overall idea ofbasic engineering drawing, fitting practice, sheet metal work, weldingand basic electronic components. This module also gives anintroduction, evolution and idea on the basics of refrigeration and air-conditioning. This module will familiarize the learner about therefrigeration service tools. It covers the refrigeration cycle, properties ofrefrigerants in detail.

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VHSE Curriculum

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Page - 69

VHSE Curriculum

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Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Stud

y th

e ap

plic

atio

n/us

e of

fitt

ing

prac

tice

SKIL

LS

•Co

mm

unic

atin

g•

Mar

king

Spec

ifica

tion

of f

ittin

g to

ols

SKIL

LS

•M

easu

ring

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•D

escr

ibes

vario

us fi

tting

prac

tices

inus

e.

•U

se a

ppro

pria

te f

ittin

g to

ols

for

fittin

g

•D

emo-

actu

al (

prac

tical

wor

k)

•D

emo-

actu

al (

prac

tical

wor

k)

•Pr

actic

al w

ork-

on t

he s

pot

asse

ssm

ent

•Po

rtfol

io

•Pr

actic

al w

ork-

on t

he s

pot

asse

ssm

ent

Uni

t : F

ITTI

NG

( 34

per

iods

)

Page - 70


Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Stud

y th

e fu

nctio

n,

cons

truc

tion,

wor

king

, us

e, a

nd a

pplic

atio

n.SK

ILL

S•

Mea

surin

g•

Mar

king

Spec

ifica

tion

of S

heet

met

al t

ools,

inst

rum

ents

and

equ

ipm

ent

SKIL

LS

•Ca

lcul

atin

g•

Ana

lysin

g

Dev

elop

men

ts

SKIL

LS

•A

naly

sing

•D

eriv

ing

•N

umer

ical

abili

ty

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Ex

plai

n th

e fu

nctio

n, c

onstr

uctio

nan

d w

orki

ng o

f she

et m

etal

and

do

shee

t met

al p

ract

ice

•D

escr

ibe

the

spec

ifica

tion

of s

heet

met

al

tool

s, in

strum

ents

&eq

uipm

ents

and

do w

ork

usin

g th

em

•D

o dr

awin

gs w

ork

of s

heet

met

alpr

actic

e us

ing

the

idea

of

deve

lopm

ent.

•Pr

actic

al

wor

k,

prep

arat

ion

ofm

odel

•D

raw

ing

of to

ols

•M

anua

l re

fere

nce

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Disc

ussio

n on

too

ls, i

nstru

men

tsan

d eq

uipm

ents

•D

raw

ing

•A

ssig

nmen

t-dra

win

g of

deve

lopm

ents

•A

sses

smen

t of

diag

ram

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Rep

ort o

f disc

ussio

n

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Dra

win

g gi

ven

asas

signm

ent

•Po

rtfol

io

Uni

t : S

HEE

T M

ETA

L

(3

4 pe

riod

s)

Page - 71

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Basic

el

ectr

onic

co

mpo

nent

sSK

ILL

S•

Expe

rimen

ting

•M

easu

ring

•A

naly

sing

Basic

Pri

ncip

les

of s

emic

ondu

ctor

s•

Obs

ervi

ng•

Expe

rimen

ting

Var

ious

sen

sors

, re

mot

e co

ntro

l

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•Cl

assif

ying

•A

naly

sing

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Id

entif

y & ex

plai

n var

ious

elec

troni

cco

mpo

nent

s in

a circ

uit s

uch

as P

CB(P

rinte

d C

ircui

t Boa

rd)

•Ex

plai

n th

e bas

ic p

rinci

ples

of s

emi-

cond

ucto

rs

•N

arra

te v

ario

us se

nsor

s and

rem

ote

cont

rol

and

desc

ribe

its a

reas

of

appl

icat

ion

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Expe

rimen

ts lik

e con

tinui

ty ch

ecks

etc.

•M

odel

ci

rcui

ts us

ing

basic

com

pone

nts

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Expe

rimen

ts-la

b w

ork

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Disc

ussio

n on

rem

ote

cont

rol

•M

odel

s-ex

hibi

ting

•V

ideo

pre

sent

atio

n

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Portf

olio

•Pr

epar

ed m

odel

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Portf

olio

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Rep

ort o

n di

scus

sion

•Po

rtfol

io

Uni

t : B

ASI

C EL

ECTR

ON

ICS

(

30 p

erio

ds)

Page - 72


Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Intr

oduc

tion

to b

asic

pri

ncip

les

ofA

rc w

eldi

ng

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•A

naly

sing

•M

easu

ring

Intr

oduc

tion

to

Oxy

-ace

tyle

new

eldi

ng p

roce

sses

and

its

reg

ulat

or

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•A

naly

sing

•M

easu

ring

Wel

ding

de

fect

s

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•A

naly

sing

•M

easu

ring

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Ex

plai

n ba

sic p

rinci

ples

, m

etho

dsan

d ar

eas

of a

pplic

atio

n of

arc

wel

ding

•Ex

plai

n ba

sic p

rinci

ples

, m

etho

dsan

d ar

eas

of a

pplic

atio

n of

oxy

-ac

etyl

ene

wel

ding

•Id

entif

y th

e ba

sic d

efec

ts oc

cur

durin

g w

eldi

ng p

roce

sses

•D

emon

strat

ion

with

act

ual m

odel

•D

iscus

sion-

arc

wel

ding

•V

ideo

on

wel

ding

•D

emon

strat

ion

supp

orte

d w

ithpr

actic

al w

ork

•D

iscus

sion-

oxy

acet

ylen

e w

eldi

ng•

Vid

eo o

n w

eldi

ng

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Disc

ussio

n•

Mod

el-a

ctua

l•

Vid

eo- o

n va

rious

def

ects

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Eval

uate

mod

els

•Po

rtfol

io

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g •

Eval

uate

mod

els

•Le

arne

r's a

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Eval

uate

mod

els

Uni

t :

WEL

DIN

G

(25

per

iods

)

Page - 73

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Func

tion,

w

orki

ng,

use

and

spec

ifica

tions

of

refr

iger

atio

n to

ols,

inst

rum

ents

and

equ

ipm

ent.

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•Cl

assif

ying

•A

naly

sing

Pres

sure

& i

ts m

easu

rem

ents

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•M

easu

ring

Con

vers

ion

tabl

e of

diff

eren

t uni

ts o

fpr

essu

re

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•Ca

lcul

atin

g•

Num

eric

al ab

ility

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Id

entif

y va

rious

refri

gera

tion

tool

s,in

strum

ents

&

equi

pmen

t an

dex

plai

n its

fun

ctio

n, w

orki

ng,

use

and

spec

ifica

tion

•Ex

plai

n th

e con

cept

of p

ress

ure a

ndde

mon

strat

e its

mea

sure

men

t

•C

onve

rts d

iffer

ent u

nit o

f pre

ssur

e

•D

iscus

sion

in v

ario

us g

roup

s-to

olgr

oup,

instr

umen

t gro

up, e

quip

men

tgr

oup

•Se

min

ar o

n co

nnec

ted

area

•A

ssig

nmen

t, de

mon

strat

ion,

draw

ing,

man

ual

•Ex

perim

ent w

ith p

ress

ure

gaug

e•

Vid

eo•

Phot

o•

Disc

ussio

n

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Suita

ble

exam

ples

•D

iagr

am

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Pres

enta

tion

of r

epor

t•

Dia

gram

s•

Cha

rts

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Dia

gram

s•

Cha

rts

•C

ondu

ct u

nit t

est

•Co

mpa

rison

of di

ffere

nt un

its

Uni

t :

BA

SIC

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

AN

D S

CIEN

CE B

EHIN

D I

T (7

3 pe

riod

s)

Page - 74


Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Hea

t an

d Te

mpe

ratu

re

SKIL

LS

•Ca

lcul

atio

n•

Mea

surin

g•

Expe

rimen

ting

Diff

eren

t te

mp.

sca

les,

ther

mom

eter

s

SKIL

LS

•M

easu

ring

•Ex

perim

entin

g

Uni

ts o

f he

at.

Sens

ible

hea

t, la

tent

heat

, su

per

heat

ing

and

sub-

cool

ing

SKIL

LS

•Ca

lcul

atio

n•

Mea

surin

g•

Expe

rimen

ting

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•D

istin

guish

be

twee

n he

at

and

tem

pera

ture

•Ex

plai

n an

d co

nver

ts di

ffere

ntsc

ales

of

tem

pera

ture

•Id

entif

y di

ffere

nt u

nits

of h

eat a

ndde

scrib

e se

nsib

le h

eat,

late

nt h

eat,

supe

r hea

ting

and

sub

cool

ing

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Gro

up d

iscus

sion

•Su

itabl

e ex

ampl

es•

Dat

a co

llect

ion

•Pr

epar

e ch

art

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Dem

onstr

atio

n by

the

teac

her

•D

iagr

am•

Disc

uss

with

sui

tabl

e ex

ampl

es•

Gro

up d

iscus

sion-

vario

us k

inds

of

heat

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Qui

zzin

g•

Uni

t tes

t

•Q

uizz

ing

•A

ssig

nmen

t eva

luat

ion

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Uni

t tes

t•

Rep

ort o

n di

scus

sion

Uni

t :

BA

SIC

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

AN

D S

CIEN

CE B

EHIN

D IT

( 7

3 pe

riod

s)

Page - 75

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Effe

ct

of

pres

sure

on

sa

tura

tion

tem

pera

ture

SKIL

LS

•A

naly

sing

•Ca

lcul

atin

g•

Der

ivin

g

Vap

ouri

satio

n,

evap

orat

ion,

cond

ensa

tion.

SKIL

LS

•M

easu

ring

•Ex

perim

entin

g

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Ex

plai

n ef

fect

of

pr

essu

re

onsa

tura

tion

tem

pera

ture

•Ex

plai

ns v

apou

risat

ion,

evap

orat

ion

and

cond

ensa

tion

•Ex

plan

atio

n by

the

tea

cher

usin

gpr

essu

re t

empe

ratu

re g

raph

•A

ssig

nmen

t

•Ex

plan

atio

n w

ith su

itabl

e exa

mpl

es•

Ass

ignm

ent

•D

iagr

am

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Ass

ignm

ent e

valu

atio

n

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Ass

ignm

ent e

valu

atio

n•

Cha

rt pr

epar

ed

Uni

t :

BA

SIC

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

AN

D S

CIEN

CE B

EHIN

D IT

( 7

3 pe

riod

s)

Page - 76


Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Sim

ple

flow

di

agra

m

of

Vap

our

com

pres

sion

refr

iger

atio

n cy

cle.

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•M

arki

ng•

Ana

lysin

g

Sim

ple

flow

dia

gram

of

Vap

our

abso

rptio

n

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•M

arki

ng•

Ana

lysin

g

Ton

of

Ref

rige

ratio

n,

CO

P,

PHD

iagr

am

SKIL

LS

•Ca

lcul

atin

g•

Der

ivin

g•

Num

eric

al ab

ility

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Ill

ustra

te s

impl

e flo

w d

iagr

am o

fva

pour

com

pres

sion

refri

gera

tion

cycl

e

•Ill

ustra

te s

impl

e flo

w d

iagr

am o

fva

pour

abso

rptio

n re

frige

ratio

ncy

cle

•Ex

plai

ns th

e uni

t of r

efrig

erat

ion a

ndde

scrib

es C

OP

with

the

help

of p

Hch

art

•C

hart

•G

roup

disc

ussio

n on

VCR

C•

Flow

dia

gram

•D

emon

strat

ion

with

hel

p of

vid

eo

•C

hart

•G

roup

disc

ussio

n on

VA

RC•

Flow

dia

gram

•D

emon

strat

ion

with

hel

p of

vid

eo

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Disc

ussio

n on

pH

cha

rt

•C

hart

prep

ared

•R

epor

t pre

sent

atio

n•

Act

ivity

log

•C

hart

prep

ared

•R

epor

t pre

sent

atio

n•

Act

ivity

log

•Q

uiz

on C

OP

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Prep

ared

rep

ot•

Prep

ared

pH

cha

rt•

Mar

king

on

pH c

hart

Uni

t :

TYP

ES O

F RE

FRIG

ERA

TIO

N S

YSTE

MS

( 27

per

iods

)

Page - 77

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Wor

king

of

va

pour

co

mpr

essio

ncy

cle-

low

sid

e &

hig

h sid

e of

vap

orco

mpr

essio

n cy

cle.

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•A

naly

sing

App

licat

ions

of

vapo

urco

mpr

essio

n cy

cle.

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

•M

arki

ng•

Ana

lysin

g

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Ex

plai

n w

orki

ng

of

VCR

C,di

ffere

ntia

te lo

w si

de a

nd h

igh

side

•Id

entif

y th

e app

lianc

es w

hich

wor

kson

VCR

S

•C

hart

•G

roup

disc

ussio

n•

Flow

dia

gram

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Vid

eo-o

n V

CRS

•G

roup

disc

ussio

n•

Dra

win

g•

Dem

onstr

atio

n by

the

teac

her

•D

ata

colle

ctio

n

•Pr

epar

ed r

epor

t•

Act

ivity

log

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Dat

a co

llect

ion

repo

rt

Uni

t :

TYP

ES O

F RE

FRIG

ERA

TIO

N S

YSTE

MS

( 27

per

iods

)

Page - 78


Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Prop

ertie

s of

re

frig

eran

ts-P

hysic

al,

chem

ical

, th

erm

odyn

amic

SKIL

LS

•Cl

assif

ying

•Id

entif

ying

Prim

ary

and

seco

ndar

y.C

lass

ifica

tion

of r

efri

gera

nts-

Hal

ocar

bon,

A

zeot

rope

, Zo

etro

pe,

Hyd

roca

rbon

, In

orga

nic.

SKIL

LS

•Cl

assif

ying

•A

naly

sing

•Co

mpa

ring

Che

mic

al n

ame

and

form

ulae

of

refr

iger

ants

. Le

ak

dete

ctio

n.

SKIL

LS

•D

eriv

ing

•A

naly

sing

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Ex

plai

n abo

ut th

e phy

sical

, che

mic

alan

d th

erm

odyn

amic

pro

perti

es o

fre

frig

eran

t

•C

lass

ifies

refri

gera

nts

into

prim

ary

and

seco

ndar

y an

d gr

oupi

ng th

em as

Hal

ocar

bon,

Aze

otro

pe,

•Zo

etro

pe,

Hyd

roca

rbon

, an

dIn

orga

nic.

•Id

entif

y Ch

emic

al

nam

e an

dfo

rmul

ae o

f re

frige

rant

s•

Leak

det

ectio

n m

etho

ds

•G

roup

disc

ussio

n-on

pro

perti

es•

Sem

inar

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Des

crib

ing

char

t

•Ch

art o

n co

mpa

rison

•Se

min

ar o

n cl

assif

icat

ion

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Gro

up d

iscus

sion

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Gro

up d

iscus

sion

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Rep

ort

Pres

enta

tion

•C

hart

prep

ared

•R

epor

t Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Act

ivity

log

•C

hart

prep

ared

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Pres

enta

tion

of r

epor

t•

Qui

zzin

g

Uni

t :

REF

RIG

ERA

NTS

( 3

9 pe

riod

s)

Page - 79

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

1 :

REFR

IGER

ATI

ON

& A

IR C

ON

DIT

ION

ING

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Des

igna

tion

of r

efri

gera

nts

SKIL

LS

•D

eriv

ing

•Ca

lcul

atin

g•

Ana

lysin

g

Alte

rnat

ive

refr

iger

ants

.O

DP,

GW

P an

d its

effe

cts

onen

viro

nmen

t

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

*Ana

lysin

g*C

lass

ifyin

g

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Id

entif

y th

e nam

e of r

efrig

eran

ts by

usin

g re

frige

rant

num

ber

and

vice

vers

a

•Ex

plai

ns al

tern

ativ

e ref

riger

ants

and

unde

rsta

nd th

e con

cept

of O

DP

and

GW

P

•G

roup

D

iscus

sion-

nam

e gr

oup,

num

ber g

roup

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Cha

rt

•G

roup

disc

ussio

n on

effe

ct o

f OD

P,G

WP

on e

nviro

nmen

t•

Sem

inar

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Com

paris

on c

hart

•V

ideo

•Te

st w

ith si

mpl

e pr

oble

m•

Act

ivity

log

•R

epor

t pre

sent

atio

n

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Pres

enta

tion

of r

epor

t•

Cha

rt pr

epar

ed

Uni

t :

REF

RIG

ERA

NTS

( 3

9 pe

riod

s)

Page - 80


PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES MODULE -1

The following class room activities may be practiced

IntroductionWorkshop safety and field safetyStudy of measuring devicesFamiliarization of workshop and machineriesPrecision measuring instruments, micrometer, vernier calipersGauges, feeler gauge, thread pitch gauge, plate and wire gauge, calipers

Engineering graphicsDrawing standardsOne sheet- lettering and types of linesProjection of points and straight linesProjection of planesOrthographic projectionsSectional viewIsometric viewDevelopment of object

Fitting practiceFamiliarization of fitting tools and instrumentsMarking and layoutCutting practice on MS flat-Square cutCutting practice on MS flat-V cutCutting practice on MS flat-L cutCutting practice on MS flat-Half round cutFiling practiceDrilling practiceThreading practice

Sheet metal practiceFamiliarization of sheet metal toolsMachines used in sheet metal workJoints in sheet metal workPractice in cutting, bending, folding, rivetingPractice in sheet metal joints-Tray making,Practice in sheet metal joints-Duct making

Page - 81

VHSE Curriculum

Basic electronicsIdentification of electronic componentsFamiliarization of electronics repairing toolsColour coding of resistorsFamiliarization of electronic measuring tools - multi meter, clamp meter,digital thermometerSoldering and de-soldering practice

Welding practiceStudy of Arc welding equipmentsStudy of oxy- acetylene welding equipmentsArc welding practice, lap joint, butt joint.Oxy-acetylene welding practice, pressure models.

Basic refrigerationStudy of crib toolsStudy of refrigeration toolsTemperature measurement using thermometer.Practical of conversion of temperature in C, F, K ScalesLatent heat of melting of ice - Demonstration

Types of refrigeration systemsIdentification of various Refrigeration equipments and componentsComponents of vapour compression systemsFamiliarize with compressorsFamiliarize with condensersFamiliarize with evaporatorsFamiliarize with expansion devices

RefrigerantsIdentification of refrigeration cylindersColour coding of refrigerant cylindersPreparation of colour coding chartsRecovery of refrigerantTransfer of refrigerant

Page - 82


DETAILING OF UNIT-1

BASIC REFRIGERATION AND WORKSHOP PRACTICE

UNIT-1.1: INTRODUCTION TO REFRIGERATION

CONTENT:

1.1.1: History of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, Definition ofRefrigeration.

Suggested activity: Presentation of video-Classroom discussion

The data collected with the help of Internet, Reference…..etc…. andconducting a video presentation. Different Refrigeration equipmentssuch as Desert cooler, Refrigerator, water cooler, bottle cooler, Air-conditioner, etc. Introduce Old and new generation equipments fromseasonal snow and ice harvesting to modern industrial refrigerationequipments.

Discussion points:• Snow and ice refrigeration method.• Ancient Chinese, Roman, Egyptian Refrigeration methods• House holds Refrigerators• Air conditioners• Automobile Air conditioners• Locomotive Air conditioners• Ship and marine Air conditioners• Skills to be attained:-• Communicating,• Classifying• Analysing.

Consolidation by the teacher:- The teacher should conclude thehistory of refrigeration and Air-conditioning, Definition ofRefrigeration.

Practical work: - work given by the teacher. Prepare notes based on thevideo and discussion

ASSESSMENT: - Activity Log prepared by the learner.

(Transaction time : 3 hours)

CONTENT

1.1.2 Refrigeration in daily life

Suggested activity: Survey

(planning of survey should be done by the teacher and learners)

Page - 83

VHSE Curriculum

Divide the learners in to different groups. Assign different areas to eachgroups. Collect data from different fields such as houses, shops, nearbyindustries, journals, catalogues …etc…Illustrate different areas ofapplication in refrigeration related with daily life.

The group leaders should present the survey report of each group in theclassroom

Discussion points• House holds Refrigerators• Air conditioners• Automobile Air conditioners• Industrial Refrigeration• Locomotive Air conditioners• Ship and marine Air conditioners• Skills to be attained:-• Observing• Analysing.• Deriving.

Consolidation by the teacher:- Classification of Refrigerationequipments in daily life by The teacher based on the discussion points.

Practical work: - work given by the teacher. Prepare notes based on thevideo and discussion

ASSESSMENT

Survey report prepared by the learner and active participation of thelearner in the survey activity. (Transaction time : 3 hours)

CONTENT

1.1.3. Methods of Refrigeration.

Suggested activity: - Demonstration-Classroom discussion

The teacher instructs the learners to recollects the data regardingrefrigeration from the real life through group discussions. The raw datacollected by the learners is correlated with the following discussionpoints. Then listed. The methods of refrigeration is demonstrated.

Discussion points• Melting of a solid,• Evaporation of liquid• Sublimation• Skills to be attained• Comparing• Observing• Classifying.

Page - 84


Consolidation by the teacher: Classification of Refrigerationmethods by the teacher based on the discussion points.

Practical work: - work given by the teacher. Prepare notes based on thediscussion.

ASSESSMENT:

Activity log prepared by the learner through group discussions.

(Transaction time: 3 hours)

CONTENT

1.1.4. Application/use of Refrigeration

Suggested activity: - Collection of data from life situations-Grouping

The learners will be sub divided in to different groups. Assign differentareas to each groups. Collect data through discussions. Illustratedifferent areas of application in refrigeration related with daily life.Explain various situations ,where we use refrigeration. Let the learnersshare the collected data in their groups and the group leaders presentthe report in the classroom.

Discussion points:• Household Refrigerators• Air conditioners• Automobile Air conditioners• Industrial Refrigeration-Textile and dyeing, Photography,• Locomotive Air conditioners• Ship and marine Air conditioners• Defence and Aerospace labs• Medicine manufacturing.• Hospitals• Food preserving… Etc…• Skills to be attained:-• Observing• Classifying• Analysing.

Consolidation by the teacher:- The teacher should conclude TheApplication of Refrigeration in the real life situations based on thediscussion points.

Practical work: - work given by the teacher. Prepare notes based on thediscussion.

ASSESSMENT: - Activity log prepared by the learner throughcollection of data.

(Transaction time: 3 hours)

Page - 85

VHSE Curriculum

MODULE - 2

REFRIGERATION MACHINES & COMPONENTS

Overview

This module is designed to impart the in-depth knowledge ofrefrigerating components such as compressor, condenser, expansionvalve, evaporator and accessories in refrigeration cycle to the learner.This module also gives an idea on cooling tower, defrosting and itsmethods. The unit of refrigerating machine gives an insight to theapplication of refrigeration in day to day life in domestic as well asindustrial application. On completion of this module the learner will beable to identify various refrigerating machine and its components indetails.

STRUCTURE OF MODULE-2

Unit No. Name of units Periods

2.1 compressor: Study of variouscompressors 90

2.2 condenser: Study of different types ofcondensers 40

2.3 cooling tower: Function and importanceof cooling towers 20

2.4 expansion valve: Study of variousexpansion devices 30

2.5 evaporator: Understanding the functionof evaporators 32

2.6 defrosting: Study the need of defrosting,different methods 24

2.7 refrigerent piping and accessories:Working on copper tube 52

2.8 common refrigerating machines:Study the applications of differentrefrigerating machines. 42

Assessment 10

TOTAL PERIODS 340

30% periods - theory sessions and 70% periods - practical activities

Page - 86


Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Func

tion,

cons

truct

ion,

wor

king

,ap

plic

atio

n of

Com

pres

sor-

reci

proc

atin

g, ce

ntrif

ugal

,ro

tary

, scr

oll,

scre

w ty

pe, w

obbl

e &

swas

h pl

ate.

SKIL

LS:

•O

bser

vatio

n,•

Expe

rimen

tatio

n

Wet

& d

ry C

ompr

essio

n.SK

ILL

S:•

Obs

erva

tion,

•M

easu

ring.

•D

eriv

ing.

Lubr

icat

ion

oil-p

rope

rties

. S

ynth

etic

lubr

ican

ts-Po

ly b

asic

, pol

y al

kalin

eSK

ILL

S:•

Obs

ervi

ng,

•A

naly

sing,

Lubr

icat

ion

Met

hods

-Spl

ash

and

forc

ed•

Obs

ervi

ng,

•Co

mm

unic

atin

g,•

iden

tify

vario

us ap

plyi

ng m

etho

ds.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Id

entif

iy

type

of

co

mpr

esso

r,di

sting

uish

the

wor

king

diff

eren

ces

and

area

s of

app

licat

ions

•Id

entif

y th

e ty

pe o

f co

mpr

essio

npr

oces

ses

and

disti

ngui

sh b

etw

een

them

•Ex

plai

n th

e pro

perti

es o

f lub

ricat

ing

oils

and

desc

ribe

vario

us ty

pes

oflu

bric

atin

g oils

•Ex

plai

ns

vario

us

lubr

icat

ion

met

hods

-Spl

ash

and

forc

ed

•ob

serv

atio

n•

disc

ussio

n•

vide

os-w

orki

ng o

f di

ffere

nt t

ypes

of c

ompr

esso

rs•

char

ts

. •O

bser

vatio

n•

Disc

ussio

n•

char

ts-w

et a

nd d

ry c

ompr

essio

n

•D

iscus

sion-

prop

ertie

s•

Ass

ignm

ent

•Co

mpa

rison

of d

iffer

ent l

ubric

atin

goil

•D

iscus

sion-

on

met

hods

of

lubr

icat

ion

•C

ompa

rison

-Spl

ash

and

forc

ed•

Ass

ignm

ent

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Dra

win

g•

Ass

ignm

ent

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Dra

win

g•

Ass

ignm

ent

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Ass

ignm

ent

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Ass

ignm

ent

Uni

t :

1 C

OM

PRES

SOR

(90

Per

iods

)

UN

IT F

RAM

E O

F M

OD

ULE

2

Page - 87

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Func

tion

of c

onde

nser

sSK

ILL

S•

Ana

lysin

g,•

Expe

rimen

ting.

Cla

ssifi

catio

n an

d ap

plic

atio

ns

ofco

nden

sers

: A

ir co

oled

-nat

ural

an

dfo

rced

. W

ater

coo

led-

shel

l an

d tu

be,

shel

l an

d co

il,

tube

w

ithin

tu

be.

Evap

orat

ive.

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

ving

,•

Com

mun

icat

ing

•Ex

perim

entin

g

Perfo

rman

ce o

f a

cond

ense

r-mat

eria

lus

ed fo

r con

struc

tion,

con

tact

are

a an

dve

loci

ty o

f coo

ling

med

ium

SKIL

LS:

•Co

mm

unic

atin

g•

Expe

rimen

ting

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•D

escr

ibes

th

e fu

nctio

ns

ofco

nden

sers

•C

lass

ifiy,

ex

plai

n th

e w

orki

ngap

plic

atio

ns o

f va

rious

typ

es o

fco

nden

sers

•D

escr

ibe

the

perfo

rman

ce

of

aco

nden

ser

and

expl

ain

vario

usfa

ctor

s in

fluen

ce o

n pe

rform

ance

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Gro

up d

iscus

sion.

•A

ssig

nmen

t.

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Gro

up d

iscus

sion.

•Fi

eld v

isit

•C

hart-

draw

the

ske

tch

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Gro

up d

iscus

sion

on f

acto

rs o

fpe

rfor

man

ce•

Man

uals

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Ass

ignm

ent

•D

iagr

ams.

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g.•

Fiel

d vi

sit re

port.

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Ass

ignm

ent

Uni

t : 2

CO

ND

ENSE

R

(40

Per

iods

)

Page - 88


Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Func

tion

and

type

s of c

oolin

g to

wer

s-na

tura

l dra

ft, fo

rced

dra

ft co

olin

gto

wer

s.SK

ILL

S:•

Obs

ervi

ng,

•A

naly

sing,

•Co

mm

unic

atin

g

Adv

anta

ges

of c

oolin

g to

wer

sSK

ILL

S:•

Obs

ervi

ng,

•Co

mm

unic

atin

g•

Expe

rimen

ting

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Ex

plai

n th

e fu

nctio

n of

coo

ling

tow

er, i

dent

ifies

var

ious

type

s an

ddi

sting

uish

bet

wee

n th

em

•Li

st th

e adv

anta

ges o

f coo

ling

tow

er

•D

iscus

sion-

Func

tion

and

type

s•

Ass

ignm

ent

•Fi

eld v

isit

•D

iscus

sion-

wat

er

cons

umpt

ion,

plan

t siz

e et

c.•

Ass

ignm

ent

•Fi

eld v

isit

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Fiel

d vi

sit re

port

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g.•

Fiel

d vi

sit re

port.

Uni

t :3

CO

OLI

NG

TO

WER

( 2

0 pe

riod

s)

Page - 89

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Func

tions

of E

xpan

sion

valv

es a

nd it

sim

porta

nce

SKIL

LS:

•O

bser

ving

,•

Ana

lysin

g•

Expe

rimen

ting

Type

s and

app

licat

ions

of E

xpan

sion

valv

es-C

apill

ary

tube

, Han

d op

erat

ed,

auto

mat

ic, t

herm

osta

tic, f

loat

val

ves,

elec

troni

c an

d so

leno

id v

alve

s.SK

ILL

S:•

Ana

lysin

g•

Clas

sifyi

ng

Crit

eria

of l

ocat

ing

and

fixin

gth

erm

osta

tic e

xpan

sion

valv

e- th

erm

albu

lbSK

ILL

S:•

Ana

lysin

g•

Clas

sifyi

ng

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•Ex

plai

n th

e fu

nctio

n of

exp

ansio

nva

lves

an

d de

scrib

e th

eir

impo

rtanc

e in

refri

gera

tion

•Ex

plai

n va

rious

type

s of

expa

nsio

nva

lve

and

iden

tity

its

area

s of

appl

icat

ion

•Lo

cate

the

posit

ion

of th

erm

al b

ulb

•D

iscus

sion-

on e

xpan

sion

valv

es•

Ass

ignm

ent

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r

•G

roup

disc

ussio

n•

Ass

ignm

ent

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Vid

eos

on e

lect

roni

c &

sol

enoi

dva

lves

•W

orki

ng m

odel

s-ca

pilla

ry•

Fiel

d visi

t

•D

iscus

sion-

on

fixin

g TE

V th

erm

albu

lb•

Vid

eo-fi

xing

TEV

in 3

'0 c

lock

or

9'0

cloc

k po

sitio

n

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g•

Ass

ignm

ent

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g.•

Fiel

d vi

sit re

port.

•A

ssig

nmen

t

•A

ctiv

ity lo

g.•

Rep

ort p

rese

ntat

ion

Uni

t :4

EXP

AN

SIO

N V

ALV

E

( 3

0 pe

riod

s)

Page - 90


Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Func

tion

of e

vapo

rato

rsSK

ILL

S:•

Obs

ervi

ng,

•A

naly

sing

•Ex

perim

entin

g

Cla

ssifi

catio

n an

d ap

plic

atio

ns o

fev

apor

ator

s- fl

oode

d an

d dr

yEx

pans

ion.

Bar

e tu

be, p

late

sur

face

,fin

ned,

shel

l and

tube

, she

ll an

d co

il.N

atur

al a

nd fo

rced

con

vect

ion

evap

orat

or.

SKIL

LS:

•A

naly

sing

•Cl

assif

ying

Perfo

rman

ce o

f an

eva

pora

tor-

mat

eria

l use

d fo

r con

struc

tion,

con

tact

area

, ev

apor

ator

tem

pera

ture

SKIL

LS:

•Co

mm

unic

atin

g•

Expe

rimen

ting

•Co

mpa

ring

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to:

•D

escr

ibe t

he fu

nctio

n of

evap

orat

or

•C

lass

ifiy,

exp

lain

the

wor

king

and

appl

icat

ions

of

vario

us t

ypes

of

evap

orat

ors

•D

escr

ibe

the

perfo

rman

ce o

f an

evap

orat

or

and

expl

ain

vario

usfa

ctor

s in

fluen

ce th

e pe

rform

ance

•D

iscus

sion-

on

func

tions

of

evap

orat

or•

Ass

ignm

ent

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Fiel

d visi

t

•G

roup

di

scus

sion-

on

di

ffere

ntty

pes

of e

vapo

rato

rs.

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Ass

ignm

ent

•V

ideo

s-on

di

ffere

nt

type

s of

evap

orat

ors

•W

orki

ng m

odel

s•

Cha

rts•

Dra

win

gs

•D

emon

strat

ion

by th

e te

ache

r•

Gro

up d

iscus

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Page - 91

VHSE Curriculum

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Page - 92


Mod

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Page - 93

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

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Page - 94


PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF MODULE-2

COMPRESSORDismantling and assembling of open compressorDismantling and assembling of semi-sealed compressorDismantling and assembling of hermetically sealed compressorDismantling and assembling of centrifugal compressorDismantling and assembling of Rotary compressorDismantling and assembling of screw compressorDismantling of and assembling of scroll compressorDismantling of wobble / swash plate compressorOil charging of a compressor stroke volume measurement of compressor

CONDENSORFamiliarization with condensersServicing of air cooled condenserStraightening of cooling finsLeak test of condenser

COOLING TOWERCooling tower - field visit

EXPANSION VALVESReplacing of capillary tubeTest and adjust expansion valveFamiliarization of Hand operated expansion valveFamiliarization of Automatic expansion valveFamiliarization of float valveFamiliarization of solenoid valveFamiliarization of electronically controlled valve

EVAPORATORServicing of evaporators of refrigeratorServicing of evaporators of window air conditionerServicing of evaporators of split air conditionerServicing of evaporators of water coolerOil removal from evaporator

DEFROSTINGFamiliarize with defrosting of refrigerators

Page - 95

VHSE Curriculum

Manual defrosting of refrigeratorTimer testingBimetal testing

REFRIGERANT PIPINGWorking in soft copper tubeTube cuttingTube bendingTube flaringSwagingPinchingTube brazingWorking on hard copper tubeReplacing of dryers

COMMON REFRIGERATING MACHINESDismantling and assembling of domestic refrigeratorDismantling and assembling of water coolerDismantling and assembling of deep freezerField visit - Ice plantField visit - cold storage

EXERCISES OF MODULE-1

Answer the following1.1 Introduction to Refrigeration1) The refrigeration is the science of ……… and ….. the temperature

below that of the surroundings.2) Refrigeration has many uses in daily life. List any four of them.3) Refrigeration can be produced in different methods.name any

three of them and the way how refrigeration is achieved in eachmethod

1.3 Fitting Practice1) Name any six tools used in refrigeration workshop1.4 Sheetmetal Practice1) Draw the development of making a rectangular duct of cross

section 10 cm X 5 cm with a length of 30 cm. The duct must havea joint allowance of 5 cm on one side with proper dimension usinga scale of 1:5

Page - 96


1.5 Basic Electronics1) Name the important electronic components on a PCB (printed

circuit board)2) List any three use of a remote control for an air-conditioning

equipment.1.6 Welding Practice1) List any four defects in a welded joint2) Distinguish between arc welding and oxy acetylene welding3) A technician says that, in a refrigeration service, Oxy acetylene

welding process is better than arc welding process. Do you agreewith this statement? Justify your answer.

1.7 Basic Refrigeration1) Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + ————————2) A body is heated from 30o C to 200 o F. Calculate its temperature

rise in degree centigrade and in degree Fahrenheit.3) Ice at -20o C is heated to steam at 150o C. Draw the heat and

temperature graph. Mark various heats on the graph.4) It is advisable to use pressure cooker for cooking foods at low

pressure area. Comment on this.5) Distinguish between Vapourisation and evaporation.1.8 Types of Refrigeration Systems1) Draw a vapour absorption cycle and name the refrigerant used2) Draw an ideal vapour compression cycle on PH chart and mark

various processes.3) Draw a simple vapour compression cycle and mark low side and

high side on this diagram.4) List any three refrigerating machines working on vapour

compression cycle.1.9 Refrigerants1) List any six desirable properties of a refrigerant.2) Classify the following refrigerants according to their working

principle and chemical composition: R11, R22, R500, R502, R717,R764, Brine, R290, R404, R410.

3) Find the refrigerant number and formula of monochloro die flouromethane.

4) The use of chloro flouro carbon refrigerants are banned in India.Justify the reason behind this.

Page - 97

VHSE Curriculum

5) During the visit to an ice plant, you find that ammonia is used asthe refrigerant in an ice plant. Justify the use of ammonia asrefrigerant in an ice plant.

EXERCISE-MODULE-2

Answer the following questions

2.1 COMPRESSOR1) Name the suitable compressor for high discharge pressure and

low discharge quantity2) List any four types of compressor and its working principle3) List the various properties of good lubricating oil used in

refrigeration compressor4) Distinguish between splash and forced feed lubrication methods.

Write one area of application for each method

2.2 CONDENSER1) The refrigerant in vapour compression system passes from

compressor to condenser. Identify the state of refrigerant in theentry of condenser and leaving the condenser.

2) List the condenser according to the cooling medium used3) List the factors affecting the performance of the condenser4) Name the condenser used in ice plant

2.3 COOLING TOWER1) You are directed to select a water cooled condenser for a plant of

100TR capacity. How will you set the plant if the availability ofwater is low.

2) List the different types of cooling towers used in R&AC plant

2.4 EXPANSION VALVE1) Name the expansion valve used in ice plant2) "Location of thermal bulb of TEV is very important in air-

conditioning plants." Justify. Give the ideal location of fixing thethermal bulb

3) Name the expansion valve which works on constant pressure andconstant super heat

2.5 EVAPORATOR1) Name the component where cooling is produced in a refrigeration

cycle.2) Classify the evaporator on working principle

Page - 98


2.6 DEFROSTING1) "Formation of frost in evaporator of a refrigerating machine

reduces its capacity." Do you agree, justify your answer2) Name different methods of defrosting

2.7 REFRIGERANT PIPING AND ACCESSORIES1) Draw a vapour compression cycle and mark oil separator, liquid

receiver, drier filter, accumulator, discharge line, suction line andliquid line

2) Fifteen meters of copper tube, aluminium tube and steel tube aregiven for making a condenser. Which tube you will select andjustify. What are the tools, processes and methods employed tomake the condenser.

3) Name any four accessories in a refrigeration plant and give itsapplication

4) "Oil separator is an accessory in refrigeration plant." Give thelocation of this. Discuss the problem is oil separator is not fitted inthe system.

2.8 REFRIGERATING MACHINES1) With the help of a figure explain the working of ice plant. Name

the refrigerant used in this plant2) Arrange the following refrigerating machine according to the

increasing order of evaporator temperature:a) ice plantb) cold storagec) water coolerd) refrigerator

Page - 99

VHSE Curriculum

LIST OF TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS & MATERIALS

1) SERVICE TOOLS

SL.NO ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY

1 Angle plate 1 1

2 Bevel gauge 1 1

3 Dividers 1 4

4 Drill gauge 1 1

5 Feeler gauge 1 6

6 Inside spring calipers 1 6

7 Ordinary inside calipers 1 6

8 Ordinary outside calipers 1 6

9 Outside spring calipers 1 6

10 Plate gauge/wire gauge 1 4

11 Radius Gauge ( Fillet gauge) 1 2

12 Screw gauge - (outside micrometre) 1 12

13 Spirit level 1 4

14 Steel measuring tape with plastic case 1 (5mtr) 1

15 Steel rule 1 12

16 Surface gauge 1 1

17 Surface plate 1 1

18 Thread pitch gauge ( screw thread gauge ) 1 6

19 Vernier calipers 1 12

20 Vernier height gauge 1 1

Page - 100


2) FITTING TOOLS


21 Adjustable hacksaw frame 1 6

22 Adjustable sleeve scriber 1 6

23 Adjustable spanner set 1 set 2

24 Adjustable split die 1 2

25 Anvil 1 1

26 Ball peen Hammers 1 (500 gm) 6

27 Bearing puller 1 1

28 Bottoming tap 1 set 1

29 Box spanner set ( hexagonal) 1 set 2

30 Box spanner set ( square) 1 set 2

31 Centre punch 1 6

32 Cold chisel 1 6

33 Combination spanner 1 set 1

34 Counter sinking drill 1 ( 6 mm) 1

35 Cow mouth chisel 1 6

36 Cross cut chisel 1 6

37 Cross peen hammer 1 (500 gm) 6

38 Cutting plier 1 6

39 Diamond point chisel 1 6

40 Die stock 1 1

41 Dot punch 1 6

42 Double end spanner set 1 set 6

43 Double ended spanner 1 set 2

44 Double face Hammer 1 (500 gm) 6

45 Electric drilling machines 1 3

46 Flat chisel 1 6

47 Flat files (double cut -rough ) 1 (12inch) 12

48 Flat smooth files (single cut ) 1(10 inch) 6

49 Hacksaw frame- ordinary 1 12

50 Half round file 1 (8 inch) 6

Page - 101

VHSE Curriculum

51 Hand drilling machine 1 12

52 Hand file 1 (8 inch) 6

53 Hand reamer 1 set 1

54 Knife edge file 1 (8 inch) 6

55 Machine reamer 1 set 1

56 Nose plier 1 6

57 Oil can 1 1

58 Open end spanner 1 set 2

59 Ordinary scriber 1 6

60 Pillar file 1 (8 inch) 6

61 Pin punch 1 6

62 Pipe wrench 1 4

63 Plug tap 1 set 1

64 Pocket scriber 1 6

65 Prick punch 1 6

66 Rasp 1(10 inch) 6

67 Ratchet spanner set 1 set 2

68 Ring spanner set 1 set 2

69 Round file 1 (8 inch) 6

70 Round nose chisel 1 6

71 Screwdriver set 1 set 12

72 Side cut chisel 1 6

73 Socket spanner 1 set 1

74 Soft face Hammers 1 (500 gm) 6

75 Solid dies (1/4",1/2",3/4", 1" ) 1 each 4

76 Square file 1 (8 inch) 6

77 Standard claw hammer 1 (500 gm) 6

78 Straight peen hammer 1 (500 gm) 6

79 Tap wrench 1 set 1

80 Taper tap 1 set 1

81 Triangular file 1 (8 inch) 6

82 Tri-square 1 6

Page - 102


83 Twist drill (drill bit) 1 ( 6 mm) 1




87 Wire cutter &stripper 1 12

88 Wood chisel 1 6

89 Bench vice 1 12

90 Pipe vice 1 4

91 Hand vice 1 4

SHEETMETAL TOOLS


92 Crimping tool 1 6

93 Folding tool 1 6

94 Hand riveting tool (Rivet gun) 1 6

95 Left cut snips 1 6

96 Mallet 1 6

97 Right cut snips 1 6

98 Round hole punch plier forsheet metal 1 6

99 Rubber hammer 1 6

100 Sheet metal hand seemer 1 6

101 Sheet metal hole punch kit 1 6

102 Snips 1 6

103 Straight cutting compoundaction snips 1 6

104 VISE-GRIP Locking sheetmetal tool. 1 6

Page - 103

VHSE Curriculum

ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS & TOOLS


105 Ammeter 1 6

106 Bread board 1 30

107 Clamp meter 1 6

108 De-soldering pump 1 12

109 Electronic continuity tester 1 12

110 Multimeter- Analog 1 6

111 Multimeter-Digital 1 6

112 Neon tester 1 25

113 Ohm meter 1 6

114 Printed Circuit Board (PCB)of split AC 1 15

115 Remote control of split AC 1 6

116 Soldering iron 1 12

117 Universal PCB kit 1 6

118 Volt meter 1 6

WELDING EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS


119 Acetylene cylinder 1 1

120 Arc welding machine withaccessories 1 set 1

121 Glows 1 6

122 Goggles 1 6

123 Oxygen cylinder 1 1

124 Pressure regulator 1 1

125 V- block 1 1

126 Welding helmet 1 6

127 Welding torch 1 1

Page - 104


REFRIGERATION TOOLS

SL.NO ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY128 Adjustable spanner 8 " 2129 Adjustable spanner 10" 2130 Allen key 1 4131 Anemometer 1 6132 Blow lamp 1 6133 C-clamp 1 4134 Compound pressure gauge 1 6135 Condenser comb/Fin comb 1 6136 Electronic leak detector 1 1137 Extension boards 1 2138 Flare nut spanner 1 4139 Flaring /swaging block 1 12140 Flaring yoke 1 12141 Flexible charging line 1 6142 Gauge manifold set 1 1143 Gilmet 1 4144 Gland key 1 1145 Halide torch 1 1146 Hammering drill 1 1147 Hand shutoff valve 1 6148 High pressure gauge 1 6149 Hollow punch 1 12150 Lever type bending tool big 1 4151 Lever type bending tool small 1 4152 Mini Hack saw 1 6153 Nitrogen cylinder 1 1154 Pinching tool 1 6155 Plier pocker 1 2156 Plier type pinching tool 1 6157 Pressure washer 1 6158 R-12 cylinder 1 1159 R-134a cylinder 1 1160 Ratchet wrench 1 4161 Refrigerant cylinder 1 1162 Safety belts 1 2163 Scraper 1 4164 Sling psychrometer 1 6165 Spirit level 1 1166 Spring type bending tool 1set 6167 Swaging tool 1 set 12168 Tongs 1 4

Page - 105

VHSE Curriculum

169 Torque wrench 1 4170 Tube cutter big 1 4171 Tube cutter small 1 8172 Vacuum pump 1 1173 Valve key 1 1174 Wheel puller 1 2175 White rope 1 2

EQUIPMENTS

SL.NO ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY176 Air cooled condenser 1177 Anemometer 1178 Cassette air conditioner 1179 De humidifier 1180 Deep freezer 1181 Desert cooler 1182 Display case 1183 Double door Refrigerator 1184 Ductuble split air conditioner 1185 Evaporator 1186 Hermetically sealed compressor 1187 Humidistat 1188 Open type compressor 1189 Rotary compressor 1190 Semi sealed compressor 1191 Single door refrigerator 1192 Split air conditioner 1193 Swash plate compressor 1194 Thermostat for refrigerator 1195 Thermostat for window air conditioner 1196 Vacuum pump 1197 Water cooler 1198 Window air conditioner 1

Page - 106


LIST OF BOOKS AND INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS1. HEATING AND COOLING ESSENTIALS by Jerry killinger.

Good Heart –Will Cox Company (2005)2. REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY

by William C Whitman, William M Johnson, John.A.Tom.Cengage Learning custom Publishing (2012)

3. TECHNICIANS GUIDE TO REFRIGERATION SYSTEM byJohn.A.Corinchock. Mc Graw-Hill Education (1996)

4. REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING by R.S.Khurumi S.Chand (2006)

5. REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING by C.P ARORATata Mc Graw-Hill (2006)

6. REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING by A.K.Anandharaman Tata Mc Graw-Hill (2005)

7. SKILL DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOK FOR TECHNICIANS byIndian Society of heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioningEngineers (2015)

8. WORK SHOP PRACTICE by Hajra Chaudhary9. BASIC REFRIGERATION - R Waxes marsh10. REFRIGERATION AND AIRCONDITIONING S. Domkundwar11. REFRIGERATION AND AIRCONDITIONING N.Singh

ABOUT THE COURSE - SCERTscert.kerala.gov.in/images/2015/VHSE-Curriculum/r ac.pdf · tremendous progress in commercial refrigeration and air conditioning particularly after DuPont

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