Film directorFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American directorSteven Spielbergwith Sri Lankan film
makerChandran Rutnamin Sri LankaAfilm directoris a person who
directs the making of afilm. Generally, a film director controls a
film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script
while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of
that vision.[1]The director has a key role in choosing the cast
members, production design, and the creative aspects of
filmmaking.[2]UnderEuropean Unionlaw, the director is viewed as
theauthorof the film.[3]The film director gives direction to the
cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film
eventually becomes realized. Directors need to be able to mediate
differences in creative visions and stay in the boundaries of the
film's budget. There are many pathways to becoming a film director.
Some film directors started as screenwriters, film editors or
actors. Other film directors have attended a film school. Directors
use different approaches. Some outline a general plotline and let
the actors improvise dialogue, while others control every aspect,
and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely.
Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on
screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Some directors
edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their
films.Contents[hide] 1Responsibilities 2Career pathways
3Characteristics 4Professional organizations 5Notable individuals
6See also 7References 8Bibliography 9External
linksResponsibilities[edit]
The film director gives last minute direction to the cast and
crew, while filming acostume dramaon location inLondon.Film
directors create an overall vision through which a film eventually
becomes realized.[4]Realizing this vision includes overseeing the
artistic and technical elements of film production, as well as
directing the shooting timetable and meeting deadlines.[5]This
entails organizing thefilm crewin such a way as to achieve his or
her vision of the film.[6][7]This requires skills of group
leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus
even in the stressful, fast-paced environment of a film
set.[8]Moreover it is necessary to have an artistic eye to frame
shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew,[9]thus,
excellent communication skills are a must.[10]Since the film
director depends on the successful cooperation of many different
creative individuals with possibly strongly contradicting artistic
ideals and visions, he or she also needs to possess conflict
resolution skills in order to mediate whenever necessary.[11]Thus
the director ensures that all individuals involved in the film
production are working towards an identical vision for the
completed film.[6]The set of varying challenges he or she has to
tackle has been described as "a multi-dimensional jigsaw puzzle
with egos and weather thrown in for good measure".[12]It adds to
the pressure that the success of a film can influence when and how
they will work again.[13]Omnipresent are the boundaries of the
films budget.[14]Additionally, the director may also have to ensure
an intendedage rating.[15]Theoretically the sole superior of a
director is the studio that is financing the film,[16][4]however a
poor working relationship between a film director and an actor
could possibly result in the director being replaced if the actor
is a majorfilm star.[17]Even so, it is arguable that the director
spends more time on a project than anyone else, considering that
the director is one of the few positions that requires intimate
involvement during every stage of film production. Thus, the
position of film director is widely considered to be a highly
stressful and demanding one.[1]It has been said that "20-hour days
are not unusual".[4]UnderEuropean Unionlaw, the film director is
considered the "author" or one of the authors of a film, largely as
a result of the influence ofauteur theory.[18]Auteur theory is
afilm criticismconcept that holds that a film
director'sfilmreflects the director's personal creative vision, as
if they were the primary "auteur" (theFrenchword for "author"). In
spite ofand sometimes even because ofthe production of the film as
part of an industrial process, the auteur's creative voice is
distinct enough to shine through studio interference and the
collective process.Career pathways[edit]
DirectorPedro Almodvarand actressPenlope CruzSome film directors
started asscreenwriters,film editorsor actors.[19]Several American
cinematographers have become directors, includingBarry Sonnenfeld,
originally the Coen brothers' DP;Jan de Bont, cinematographer on
films asDie HardandBasic Instinct, directedSpeedandTwister.
RecentlyWally Pfister, cinematographer onChristopher Nolan's three
Batman films made his directorial debut withTranscendence. Other
film directors have attended afilm schoolto "get formal training
and education in their craft".[20]Film students generally study the
basic skills used in making a film.[21]This includes, for example,
preparation, shot lists and storyboards, blocking, protocols of
dealing with professional actors, and reading scripts.[22]Some film
schools are equipped with sound stages and post-production
facilities.[23]Besides basic technical and logistical skills,
students also receive education on the nature of professional
relationships that occur during film production.[24]A full degree
course can be designed for up to five years of studying.[25]Future
directors usually complete short films during their
enrollment.[1]The National Film School of Denmarkhas the student's
final projects presented on national TV.[26]Some film schools
retain the rights for their students' works.[27]Many directors
successfully prepared for making feature films by working in
television.[28]TheGerman Film and Television Academy
Berlinconsequently cooperates with the Berlin/Brandenburg TV
stationRBB (Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting)andARTE.[29]A handful
of top directors made from $13 M to $257 M in 2011, such as James
Cameron and Steven Spielberg. The average movie director makes a
lot less. In May 2011, the average US film director made
$122,220.[30]Characteristics[edit]
Fritz Langdirecting a movie
Ingmar Bergmanapparently examines a sheet of film, during work
onWild Strawberries.Different directors can vary immensely amongst
themselves, under various characteristics. Several examples
are:[citation needed] Those who outline a generalplotlineand let
the actorsimprovisedialogue. Notable examples includeIngmar
Bergman,Christopher Guest,Wong Kar-wai,Spike Lee,Wim Wenders,Mike
Leigh,Barry Levinson,Jean-Luc Godard,Mikls Jancs,Gus Van Sant,Judd
Apatow,Terrence Malick,Harmony Korine,JayandMark Duplass, and
occasionallyRobert Altman,Joe Swanberg,Sergio LeoneandFederico
Fellini.
Akira Kurosawaon the set in 1953 Those who control every aspect,
and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely.
Notable examples includeDavid Lean,Akira Kurosawa,Steven
Spielberg,Ridley Scott,Victor Fleming,Erich von Stroheim,James
Cameron,George Lucas,Stanley Kubrick,Sidney Lumet,Andrew
Bujalski,Christopher Nolan,David Fincher,Guillermo del
ToroandAlfred Hitchcock. Those whowritetheir own screenplays.
Notable examples includeWoody Allen,Werner Herzog,Alejandro
Jodorowsky,John Cassavetes,Ingmar Bergman,Stanley Kubrick,Quentin
Tarantino,James Cameron,George Lucas,J. F. Lawton,David
Cronenberg,Charlie Chaplin,Billy Wilder,Ed Wood,David Lynch,
theCoen brothers,Francis Ford Coppola,Sofia Coppola,Pier Paolo
Pasolini,Pedro Almodvar,John Hughes,Nick Park,Edward Burns,Kevin
Smith,Todd Field,Cameron Crowe,Terrence Malick,Oren Peli,Eli
Roth,Harmony Korine,Paul Thomas Anderson,Guillermo del Toro,Rainer
Werner Fassbinder,Oliver Stone,John Singleton,Spike Lee,Orson
Welles,Akira Kurosawa,Hayao Miyazaki,M. Night Shyamalan,Daryush
Shokof,Paul Haggis,Billy Bob Thornton,James Wong,Tyler Perry,Robert
Rodriguez,Christopher Nolan,George A. Romero,Sergio Leone,Satyajit
Ray,Joss WhedonandDavid O. Russell.Steven SpielbergandSidney J.
Furiehave written screenplays for a small number of their
films.
Three pairs ofsiblingdirectors - each notable for making all of
their films together - at the2015 Cannes Film Festival: the
ItalianTaviani brothers, the AmericanCoen brothersand the
BelgianDardenne brothers(photographed here with French
directorBertrand Tavernier, festival directorThierry Frmauxand
festival presidentPierre Lescure). Those whocollaborateon
screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Notable examples
includeAlejandro Gonzlez IrrituandGuillermo Arriaga,Elia
KazanandTennessee Williams,Terry GilliamandCharles McKeown/Tony
Grisoni,Wes AndersonandOwen Wilson/Noah Baumbach,Edgar
WrightandSimon Pegg,Martin ScorseseandNicholas Pileggi/Paul
Schrader/Jay Cocks,Yasujir OzuandKgo Noda,Peter JacksonandFran
Walsh,Alexander PayneandJim Taylor,Robert ZemeckisandBob Gale,Luis
BuuelandJean-Claude Carrire/Luis Alcoriza,Krzysztof
Kielowski/Krzysztof Piesiewicz,Frank Capra/Robert
Riskin,Michelangelo Antonioni/Tonino Guerra,Billy Wilder/I.A.L.
Diamond,Sergio LeoneandSergio Donati,Guillermo del ToroandMatthew
Robbins, andChristopher Nolan/Jonathan Nolan/David S. Goyer. Those
whoedittheir own films. Notable examples includeAkira
Kurosawa,Alfonso Cuarn,Mike Cahill,Jean-Marc Valle,Steven
Soderbergh,David Lean,Don Coscarelli,Charlie Chaplin,Robert
Rodriguez,James Cameron,Ed Wood,Gaspar Noe,Takeshi Kitano,John
Woo,Andy Warhol,Shinya Tsukamoto,Kenneth Anger,Gregg Araki,Gus Van
Sant,Xavier Dolan,Ben Wheatley,Kelly Reichardt,Leni
Riefenstahl,Kevin Smith,Rodrigo Cortes,Joe Swanberg,Steve
James,Jafar Panahi,Ti West,Joel and Ethan Coenand
manyindie,Internetandarthousefilmmakers. Those whoshoottheir own
films. Notable examples includeNicolas Roeg,Mike Cahill,Peter
Hyams,Steven Soderbergh,Joe Swanberg,Tony Kaye,Gaspar Noe,Gregg
Araki,Robert Rodriguez,Don Coscarelli,Josef von Sternberg,Shinya
TsukamotoandKenneth Anger. Those who appear in their films. Notable
examples includeClint Eastwood,Orson Welles,Mel Gibson,Martin
Scorsese,Peter Jackson,John Waters,John Carpenter,Spike Lee,Tyler
Perry,Rainer Werner Fassbinder,Kevin Costner,Kenneth Anger,Woody
Allen,Jon Favreau,Quentin Tarantino,Eli Roth,Michael Bay,Mel
Brooks,Ben Stiller,Alejandro Jodorowsky,Charlie Chaplin,Terry
Jones,Edward Burns,Pier Paolo Pasolini,Sam Raimi,Roman
Polanski,Erich von Stroheim,Billy Bob Thornton,Sylvester
Stallone,M. Night Shyamalan,Harold Ramis,Robert De Niro,John
Woo,Kevin Smith,Warren Beatty,Robert Redford,Takeshi Kitano,Kenneth
BranaghandEd Wood.Alfred Hitchcock,Abel Ferrara,Shawn Levy,Edgar
WrightandSpike Jonzemadecameo appearancesin their films. Those who
compose the music score for their films. Notable examples
includeCharlie Chaplin,Clint Eastwood,David Lynch,Alejandro
Jodorowsky,John Carpenter,Mike Figgis,Alejandro Amenbar,Satyajit
Ray,Robert RodriguezandTom Tykwer. Another way to categorize
directors is by their membership in a "school" of filmmaking, such
as theFrench New Wave, theBritish New Waveor theNew Hollywoodschool
of filmmakers.Professional organizations[edit]In the United States,
directors usually belong to theDirectors Guild of America. The
Canadian equivalent is theDirectors Guild of Canada. In the UK,
directors usually belong toDirectors UKor theDirectors Guild of
Great Britain.In Europe, FERA, theFederation of European Film
Directors, represents 37 national directors' guilds in 30
countries.Notable individuals[edit]For each director, one notable
film that they directed is given as an example of their work. The
chosen film may be their film which won the highest awards or it
may be one of their best-known movies. J.J. Abrams(Star Trek- 2009)
Ben Affleck(Argo- 2012) Robert Aldrich(Vera Cruz- 1954) Lewis
Allen(The Uninvited- 1944) Woody Allen(Annie Hall- 1977) Pedro
Almodvar(All About My Mother- 1999) Robert Altman(MASH- 1970)
Lindsay Anderson(if....- 1968) Michael Anderson(The Dam Busters-
1955) Paul Thomas Anderson(Boogie Nights- 1997) Paul W. S.
Anderson(Resident Evil- 2002) Wes Anderson(The Royal Tenenbaums-
2001) Theodoros Angelopoulos(Eternity and a Day- 1998) Jean-Jacques
Annaud(The Name of the Rose- 1986) Sathyan Anthikad(Rasathanthram-
2006) Michelangelo Antonioni(L'Avventura- 1960) Judd Apatow(The
40-Year-Old Virgin- 2005) Andrea Arnold(Fish Tank- 2009) Dario
Argento(Suspiria- 1977) Darren Aronofsky(Black Swan- 2010) Dorothy
Arzner(The Bride Wore Red- 1937) Richard Attenborough(Gandhi- 1982)
Sooraj Barjatya(Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!- 1994) Mario Bava(Lisa and
the Devil- 1972) Michael Bay(Transformers- 2007) Ingmar
Bergman(Wild Strawberries- 1957) Busby Berkeley(Take Me Out to the
Ball Game-- 1949) Bernardo Bertolucci(The Last Emperor- 1987) Luc
Besson(The Fifth Element- 1997) Sanjay Leela Bhansali(Devdas- 2002)
Kathryn Bigelow(The Hurt Locker- 2008) Brad Bird(Ratatouille- 2007)
Neill Blomkamp(District 9- 2009) Don Bluth(The Land Before Time-
1988) Budd Boetticher(Seven Men from Now- 1956) John
Boorman(Deliverance- 1972) Frank Borzage(A Farewell to Arms- 1932)
Danny Boyle(Slumdog Millionaire- 2008) Catherine Breillat(Fat Girl-
2001) Robert Bresson(Au Hasard Balthazar- 1966) Mel
Brooks(Spaceballs- 1987) Tod Browning(Dracula- 1931) Luis Buuel(Un
Chien Andalou- 1929) Tim Burton(Big Fish- 2003) James
Cameron(Titanic- 1997) Jane Campion(The Piano- 1993) Frank Capra(It
Happened One Night- 1934) Marcel Carn(Children of Paradise- 1945)
John Carpenter(Halloween- 1978) John Cassavetes(A Woman Under the
Influence- 1974) Liliana Cavani(The Night Porter- 1974) Nuri Bilge
Ceylan(Once Upon a Time in Anatolia- 2011) Claude Chabrol(Madame
Bovary- 1991) Charlie Chaplin(Modern Times- 1936) Michael
Cimino(The Deer Hunter- 1978) George Clooney(Good Night, and Good
Luck- 2005) Henri-Georges Clouzot(The Wages of Fear- 1953) Joel and
Ethan Coen(Fargo- 1996) Chris Columbus(Home Alone- 1990) Francis
Ford Coppola(The Godfather- 1972) Sofia Coppola(Lost in
Translation- 2003) Roger Corman(The Little Shop of Horrors- 1960)
Wes Craven(A Nightmare on Elm Street- 1984) David Cronenberg(The
Fly- 1986) Cameron Crowe(Jerry McGuire- 1996) Alfonso
Cuarn(Gravity- 2013) Michael Curtiz(Casablanca- 1942) Stephen
Daldry(Billy Elliot- 2000) Joe Dante(Gremlins- 1984) Frank
Darabont(The Shawshank Redemption- 1994) Jean-Pierre and Luc
Dardenne(The Kid with a Bike- 2011) Julie Dash(Daughters of the
Dust- 1992) Delmer Daves(The Hanging Tree- 1959) Andrew Davis(The
Fugitive- 1993) Cecil B. DeMille(The Ten Commandments- 1956)
Jonathan Demme(The Silence of the Lambs- 1991) Andrew Dominik(The
Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford- 2007)
Stanley Donen(Singin' in the Rain- 1952) Carl Theodor Dreyer(The
Passion of Joan of Arc- 1928) Guru Dutt(Pyaasa- 1957) Clint
Eastwood(Unforgiven- 1992) Atom Egoyan(The Sweet Hereafter- 1997)
Sergei Eisenstein(Battleship Potemkin- 1925) Roland
Emmerich(Independence Day- 1996) Ray Enright(Coroner Creek- 1948)
Nora Ephron(Sleepless in Seattle- 1993) Vctor Erice(Dream of Light-
1992) William Eubank(The Signal- 2014) Asghar Farhadi(A Separation-
2011) Rainer Werner Fassbinder(The Marriage of Maria Braun- 1979)
Federico Fellini(8- 1963) Todd Field(Little Children- 2006) David
Fincher(Fight Club- 1999) Victor Fleming(Gone With the Wind- 1939)
John Ford(The Grapes of Wrath- 1940) Milo Forman(One Flew Over the
Cuckoo's Nest- 1975) John Frankenheimer(The Manchurian Candidate-
1962) Hugo Fregonese(Blowing Wild-- 1953) William Friedkin(The
Exorcist- 1973) Kinji Fukasaku(Battle Royale- 2000) Lucio
Fulci(Zombi 2- 1979) Samuel Fuller(The Naked Kiss- 1964) Ritwik
Ghatak(Jukti Takko Aar Gappo- 1974) Mel Gibson(Braveheart- 1995)
Lewis Gilbert(Educating Rita- 1983) Terry Gilliam(Brazil- 1985)
Jean-Luc Godard(Breathless- 1960) Michel Gondry(Eternal Sunshine of
the Spotless Mind- 2004) Adoor Gopalakrishnan(Swayamvaram- 1972)
Ashutosh Gowariker(Lagaan- 2001) Paul Greengrass(The Bourne
Ultimatum- 2007) D. W. Griffith(The Birth of a Nation- 1915) James
Gunn(Guardians of the Galaxy- 2014) Paul Haggis(Crash- 2004)
Michael Haneke(The White Ribbon- 2009) Catherine
Hardwicke(Twilight- 2008) Renny Harlin(Die Hard 2- 1990) Hal
Hartley(Henry Fool- 1997) Henry Hathaway(Lives of a Bengal Lancer-
1935) Howard Hawks(Gentlemen Prefer Blondes- 1953) Amy
Heckerling(Fast Times at Ridgemont High- 1982) Stuart Heisler(Along
Came Jones- 1945) Werner Herzog(Rescue Dawn- 2006) George Roy
Hill(Slaughterhouse-Five- 1972) Walter Hill(48 Hrs.- 1982) Rajkumar
Hirani(3 Idiots- 2009) Oliver Hirschbiegel(Downfall- 2004) Alfred
Hitchcock(Psycho- 1960) Tobe Hooper(The Texas Chain Saw Massacre-
1974) Tom Hooper(The King's Speech- 2010) Ron Howard(A Beautiful
Mind- 2001) John Hughes(Ferris Bueller's Day Off- 1986) John
Huston(The Maltese Falcon- 1941) Kon Ichikawa(Fires on the Plain-
1959) Alejandro Gonzlez Irritu(Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of
Ignorance)- 2014) Mikls Jancs(The Red and the White- 1967) Peter
Jackson(The Lord of the Rings- 2001-2003) Jim Jarmusch(Broken
Flowers- 2005) Jean-Pierre Jeunet(Amlie- 2001) Norman Jewison(In
the Heat of the Night- 1967) Karan Johar(Kuch Kuch Hota Hai- 1998)
Rian Johnson(Looper- 2012) Joe Johnston(Honey, I Shrunk the Kids-
1989) Chuck Jones(What's Opera, Doc?- 1957) Spike Jonze(Her- 2013)
Neil Jordan(The Crying Game- 1992) Raj Kapoor(Awaara- 1951) Wong
Kar-wai(Chungking Express- 1994) Elia Kazan(A Streetcar Named
Desire- 1951) Buster Keaton(Sherlock, Jr.- 1928) Burt Kennedy(The
Rounders- 1965) Mehboob Khan(Mother India- 1957) Abbas
Kiarostami(Taste of Cherry- 1997) Krzysztof Kielowski(TheThree
Colorstrilogy- 1993-1994) Masaki Kobayashi(The Human Condition-
1959-1961) Barbara Kopple(Harlan County, USA- 1976) Harmony
Korine(Spring Breakers- 2012) Stanley Kramer(Judgment at Nuremberg-
1961) Stanley Kubrick(2001: A Space Odyssey- 1968) Akira
Kurosawa(Seven Samurai- 1954) Emir Kusturica(Underground- 1995)
Fritz Lang(Metropolis- 1927) John Lasseter(Toy Story- 1995) David
Lean(Lawrence of Arabia- 1962) Ang Lee(Brokeback Mountain- 2005)
Spike Lee(Do the Right Thing- 1989) Mike Leigh(Naked- 1993) Sergio
Leone(The Good, the Bad and the Ugly- 1966) Barry Levinson(Rain
Man- 1988) Joseph H. Lewis(The Big Combo- 1955) Richard
Linklater(Boyhood- 2014) Ken Loach(The Wind That Shakes the Barley-
2006) Joseph Losey(Monsieur Klein- 1976) George Lucas(Star Wars-
1977) Sidney Lumet(Dog Day Afternoon- 1975) Ernst Lubitsch(Heaven
Can Wait- 1943) Baz Luhrmann(Moulin Rouge!- 2001) David
Lynch(Mulholland Dr.- 2001) Adrian Lyne(Fatal Attraction- 1987)
Kevin Macdonald(The Last King of Scotland- 2006) Maria
Maggenti(Puccini for Beginners- 2006) Samira Makhmalbaf(At Five in
the Afternoon- 2003) Terrence Malick(The Tree of Life- 2011) Louis
Malle(Au revoir les enfants- 1987) Joseph L. Mankiewicz(Guys and
Dolls- 1955) Anthony Mann(Man of the West- 1958) Michael Mann(Heat-
1995) Rob Marshall(Chicago- 2002) Steve McQueen(12 Years a Slave-
2013) John McTiernan(Die Hard- 1988) Deepa Mehta(Water- 2005)
Georges Mlis(A Trip to the Moon- 1902) Sam Mendes(American Beauty-
1999) Mrta Mszros(Diary for My Children- 1984) Takashi Miike(13
Assassins- 2010) Lewis Milestone(All Quiet on the Western Front-
1930) Anthony Minghella(The English Patient- 1996) Hayao
Miyazaki(Spirited Away- 2001) Kenji Mizoguchi(Ugetsu- 1953) Mario
Monicelli(Rossini! Rossini!- 1991) Michael Moore(Fahrenheit 9/11-
2004) Hrishikesh Mukherjee(Anand- 1971) John Mulholland(Cooper
& Hemingway: The True Gen- 2013) F. W. Murnau(4 Devils- 1928)
Mira Nair(Salaam Bombay!- 1988) Christopher Nolan(The Dark Knight-
2008) Frank Oz(The Score- 2001) Yasujir Ozu(Tokyo Story- 1953)
Padmarajan(Aparan- 1988) Brian De Palma(Scarface- 1983) Park
Chan-Wook(Oldboy- 2003) Sergei Parajanov(The Color of Pomegranates-
1969) Alan Parker(Midnight Express- 1978) Pier Paolo Pasolini(Sal,
or the 120 Days of Sodom- 1975) Sam Peckinpah(The Wild Bunch- 1969)
Arthur Penn(Bonnie and Clyde- 1967) Sean Penn(Into the Wild- 2007)
Dadasaheb Phalke(Gangavataran- 1937) Roman Polanski(Chinatown-
1974) Sally Potter(The Man Who Cried- 2000) Otto Preminger(Anatomy
of a Murder- 1959) Powell and Pressburger(The Red Shoes- 1948) Bob
Rafelson(Five Easy Pieces- 1970) Sam Raimi(Spider-Man- 2002) Harold
Ramis(Groundhog Day- 1993) Mani Ratnam(Nayakan- 1987) Nicholas
Ray(Rebel Without a Cause- 1955) Satyajit Ray(The Apu Trilogy-
1955-1959) Robert Redford(Quiz Show- 1994) Nicolas Winding
Refn(Drive- 2011) Rob Reiner(The Princess Bride- 1987) Ivan
Reitman(Ghostbusters- 1984) Jason Reitman(Up in the Air- 2009) Jean
Renoir(Grand Illusion- 1937) Alain Resnais(Last Year at Marienbad-
1961) Leni Riefenstahl(Triumph of the Will- 1935) Guy
Ritchie(Snatch- 2000) Robert Rodriguez(From Dusk till Dawn- 1996)
ric Rohmer(Pauline at the Beach- 1983) George A. Romero(Night of
the Living Dead- 1968) Roberto Rossellini(Rome, Open City- 1945)
Eli Roth(Hostel- 2005) Bimal Roy(Do Bigha Zamin- 1953) Gus Van
Sant(Good Will Hunting- 1997) John Sayles(The Secret of Roan Inish-
1994) Franklin J. Schaffner(Patton- 1970) Volker Schlndorff(The Tin
Drum- 1979) Ettore Scola(Le Bal- 1983) Martin Scorsese(Goodfellas-
1990) Ridley Scott(Blade Runner- 1982) Tony Scott(Top Gun- 1986)
Lesley Selander(Tall Man Riding- 1955) Shankar(Enthiran- 2010) V.
Shantaram(Do Aankhen Barah Haath- 1958) M. Night Shyamalan(The
Sixth Sense- 1999) Daryush Shokof(Hitler's Grave- 2011) Vittorio De
Sica(Bicycle Thieves- 1948) Don Siegel(Dirty Harry- 1971) Bryan
Singer(The Usual Suspects- 1995) Tarsem Singh(The Fall- 2006) John
Singleton(Boyz n the Hood- 1991) Robert Siodmak(The Killers- 1946)
Kevin Smith(Clerks- 1994) Zack Snyder(300- 2006) Steven
Soderbergh(Ocean's Eleven- 2001) Paolo Sorrentino(The Great Beauty-
2013) Steven Spielberg(Schindler's List- 1993) Morgan
Spurlock(Super Size Me- 2004) Sylvester Stallone(Rocky Balboa-
2006) George Stevens(Giant- 1956) Oliver Stone(Platoon- 1986)
Robert Stromberg(Maleficent- 2014) John Sturges(The Great Escape-
1963) Preston Sturges(The Great McGinty- 1940) Istvn Szab(Mephisto-
1981) Quentin Tarantino(Pulp Fiction- 1994) Andrei
Tarkovsky(Solaris- 1972) Bla Tarr(Stntang- 1994) Giuseppe
Tornatore(Cinema Paradiso- 1988) Guillermo del Toro(Pan's
Labyrinth- 2006) Andre De Toth(House of Wax- 1953) Jacques
Tourneur(Cat People- 1942) Lars von Trier(Melancholia- 2011) Ji
Trnka(The Emperor's Nightingale- 1949) Franois Truffaut(The 400
Blows- 1959) Jon Turteltaub(National Treasure- 2004) Tom Tykwer(Run
Lola Run- 1998) Jean-Marc Valle(Dallas Buyers Club- 2013) Agns
Varda(Clo from 5 to 7- 1962) Gore Verbinski(Pirates of the
Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl- 2003) Paul
Verhoeven(RoboCop- 1987) King Vidor(The Champ- 1931) Denis
Villeneuve(Incendies- 2010) Thomas Vinterberg(The Hunt- 2012)
Luchino Visconti(The Leopard- 1963) The Wachowskis(The Matrix-
1999) James Wan(The Conjuring- 2013) John Waters(Cry-Baby- 1990)
Marc Webb(500 Days of Summer- 2009) Peter Weir(The Truman Show-
1998) Orson Welles(Citizen Kane- 1941) Wim Wenders(Paris, Texas-
1984) James Whale(Frankenstein- 1931) Joss Whedon(The Avengers-
2012) Robert Wiene(The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari- 1920) Cornel
Wilde(Beach Red- 1967) Billy Wilder(The Apartment- 1960) Robert
Wise(West Side Story- 1961) John Woo(Face/Off- 1997) Ed Wood(Plan 9
from Outer Space- 1959) Sam Wood(For Whom the Bell Tolls- 1943)
Edgar Wright(Shaun of the Dead- 2004) Joe Wright(Atonement- 2007)
William Wyler(Ben-Hur- 1959) Edward Yang(Yi Yi: A One and a Two-
2000) David Yates(Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix- 2007)
Peter Yates(Bullitt- 1968) Zhang Yimou(Hero- 2002) Karel Zeman(The
Fabulous Baron Munchausen- 1961) Robert Zemeckis(Forrest Gump-
1994) Mai Zetterling(Loving Couples- 1964) Fred Zinnemann(From Here
to Eternity- 1953) Rob Zombie(The Devil's Rejects- 2005)See
also[edit]Film portal
List of film and television directors Outline of film Alan
Smithee(pseudonym for anonymous directors) Filmmaking Auteur theory
List of Austrian film directors List of Belgian film directors List
of Brazilian directors List of British film directors List of
Burmese film directors List of Canadian directors List of Chinese
film directors List of Danish film directors List of directorial
debuts List of female directors List of female film directors List
of film director and actor collaborations List of film director and
cinematographer collaborations List of film director and composer
collaborations List of film director and editor collaborations List
of film directors from Italy List of French film directors List of
Hungarian film directors List of Indian film directors List of
Iranian film directors List of Irish film directors List of
Japanese film directors List of Khmer film directors List of Korean
film directors List of Mexican film directors List of New Zealand
film directors List of Pakistani film directors List of Portuguese
film directors List of prolific film directors List of Quebec film
directors List of Romanian film directors List of Slovenian film
directors List of Sri Lankan film directors List of Swedish film
directors List of Thai film directors List of Egyptian film
directors List of Turkish film directors List of Welsh film
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RetrievedMarch 3,2013.9. Jump up^"Film Director Career".
RetrievedMarch 3,2013.10. Jump up^"Job Profile". RetrievedMarch
3,2013.11. Jump up^McRae, Alex (June 1, 2006)."You have to be a
diplomat. You have to marshal a whole load of creative people, who
often don't get on with each other, and your job is to stop things
turning into a bun-fight.".The Independent(London). RetrievedMarch
3,2013.12. Jump up^"What is a Director?". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.13.
Jump up^"directors work under a lot of pressure, and most are under
constant stress to find their next job.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.14.
Jump up^"The director is bound by financial conditions, which
however should not hinder him from developing his own artistic
signature.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.15. Jump up^Hornaday, Ann (May
16, 1993)."Realizing that an NC-17 rating could hurt business (some
theaters and newspapers won't show or advertise NC-17 movies), Mr.
Verhoeven cut 47 seconds of the most graphic sex and violence".The
New York Times. RetrievedMay 16,1993.Check date values
in:|accessdate=(help)16. Jump up^"Career as a film director".
RetrievedMarch 3,2013.17. Jump up^Brennan, Judy (March 13,
1997)."The Fight Over 'Broadway Brawler'".Los Angeles Times.
RetrievedMarch 13,1997.Check date values in:|accessdate=(help)18.
Jump up^Google Books19. Jump up^"Many are experienced actors,
editors or writers". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.20. Jump up^"Many
directors get formal training and education in their craft at a
film school.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.21. Jump up^"In the Fiction
Film bachelor studio students learn the basic principles,
techniques and procedures of film direction and production".
RetrievedMarch 3,2013.22. Jump up^"Classes supporting this area
discuss and rehearse: preparation, shot lists and storyboards,
blocking, protocols of dealing with professional actors, reading
scripts, the construction of film sequence". RetrievedMarch
3,2013.23. Jump up^"We operate from a purpose-built studio facility
in Harrow, with two sound stages, a set construction workshop, and
extensive post-production facilities.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.24.
Jump up^"An intrinsic element of the education, alongside the
transfer of organizational and technical skills, is to provide the
students with insights into social contexts and relationships".
RetrievedMarch 3,2013.25. Jump up^"The directing studies 5 years of
study: a first cycle of 3 years and a second cycle of 2 years.".
RetrievedMarch 3,2013.26. Jump up^"The students' final project is a
film produced on a professional level and presented to the public
on national TV.". RetrievedMarch 15,2013.27. Jump up^"If you're a
student and making your film within a film school then you should
be aware that some film schools will retain the copyright in the
films that you make during your enrollment". RetrievedMarch
3,2013.28. Jump up^"Many successful film directors, including Oscar
Winning Best Director of 'The Kings Speech', Tom Hooper, began
their careers in television, which provided the platform to
progress through the industry.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.29. Jump
up^"The DFFB cooperates with the Berlin/Brandenburg TV station RBB
and ARTE and produces 3 short films of 30minutes lengths for RBB
and 10 short films of 5 minutes lengths for ARTE". RetrievedMarch
3,2013.30. Jump
up^http://work.chron.com/typical-salary-film-director-2669.html.
Accessed on March 22, 2014Bibliography[edit] Spencer Moon:Reel
Black Talk: A Sourcebook of 50 American Filmmakers, Greenwoood
Press 1997 The St. James Women Filmmakers Encyclopedia: Women on
the Other Side of the Camera, Visible Ink Press, 1999 International
dictionary of films and filmmakers, ed. by Tom Pendergast, 4
volumes, Detroit [etc.]: St. James Press, 4th edition 2000, vol. 2:
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Critical Guide(Wallflower Critical Guides to Contemporary
Directors), ed. by Yoram Allon Del Cullen and Hannah Patterson,
Second Edition, Columbia Univ Press 2002 Alexander Jacoby, Donald
Richie:A Critical Handbook of Japanese Film Directors: From the
Silent Era to the Present Day, Stone Bridge Press, 2008,ISBN
1-933330-53-8 Rebecca Hillauer:Encyclopedia of Arab Women
Filmmakers, American University in Cairo Press, 2005,ISBN
977-424-943-7 Roy Armes:Dictionary of African Filmmakers, Indiana
University Press, 2008,ISBN 0-253-35116-2 Philippe
Rege:Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Scarecrow Press,
2009