Abortion

ABORTION

1. INTRODUCTION1.1 DEFINITION

1.2 HISTORY

2. OVERVIEW2.1 TYPES OF ABORTION

2.2 STATISTICS2.3 FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO ABORTION

CASES

1.1 DEFINITION OF ABORTION

Removal or repulsion of an embryo of fetus from the uterus, resulting in or caused by its death.

1.2 HISTORY OF ABORTION Historically, pregnancies were terminated through a

number of methods: i) the administration of abortifacient herbs ii) the use of sharpened implements

- long needles, hooks, and knives iii) the application of abdominal pressure etc

iv) dosing the pregnant woman with a near-fatal amount of poison v) pouring hot water onto the abdomen

vi) lying on a heated coconut shell etc* these methods often led to the death of the woman, as well

as the fetus

Prehistory to 5th century

~ The first recorded of induced abortion is from

Chinese document (500 and 515 BC)

~ the legendary Emperor Shennong prescribed the use of mercury to induce abortions nearly 5000 years ago

5th century to 16th century

~ An 8th century Sanskrit text - women wishing to induce an abortion to sit over a pot of steam or stewed onions

~ Japanese documents show records of induced

abortion from as early as the 12th century

~ In Cambodia, dated circa 1150, depicts (shown) a demon (evil spirit/skillful person) performing such an abortion upon a woman who has been sent to the underworld (afterlife)

~ This is believed to be the oldest known visual representation of abortion.

Bas relief decorating the temple of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, dated circa 1150, depicting a demon performing an abortion upon a woman by pounding a mallet into her belly

17th-century to present

~ 19th century medicine saw advances in

surgery, anaesthesia (“without able to feel”), and sanitation

~ In the same era that doctors with the American Medical Association lobbied for bans on abortion in the United States

"Admonition against abortion." Late 19th-century Japanese Ukiyo-e woodblock print.

Soviet poster circa 1925. Translation of text at top: "Abortions performed by either trained or self-taught midwives not only maim the woman, they also often lead to death."

Caption for upper-left picture: "Visiting the self-taught midwife" Upper-right picture: "Consequences of abortion" Lower picture: "Death from abortion" Text at lower left:

"Any abortion is harmful." Text at lower right: "Any trained or self-taught midwife who performs an abortion is committing a crime."

2.1 TYPES OF ABORTION

There are two main types of abortion :

Spontaneous abortions Induced abortions Therapeutic abortions Elective or Voluntary Abortions

Spontaneous abortion Definition : An abortion due to accidental trauma or natural causes.

Most miscarriages are due to incorrect replication of chromosomes; they can also be caused by environmental factors.

A large percentage of the products of the union of an egg and a sperm never become infants. If there is something seriously wrong with the fetus, the uterus often expels it.

This may occur very early in the pregnancy, when woman only experiencing a larger than usual blood flow around the time of her expected menstrual period, or it may occur later in the pregnancy.

This later event is commonly called a miscarriage, but technically it is a spontaneous abortion if it occurs before 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Spontaneous abortions are often the body's way of preventing the birth of a defective child, although sometimes they are due to motherly health problems.

Induced Abortions

Definition : The planned interruption of a pregnancy. Throughout recorded history, humans have taken a

variety of steps to control family size: before conception by delaying marriage or through abstinence or contraception; or after the birth by infanticide.

Therapeutic Abortions

Definition : Therapeutic abortion is a termination of pregnancy,

performed when the pregnancy endangers the mother's

health when the fetus has a condition incompatible with

normal life.

Purposes : To save the life of the pregnant woman. To preserve the woman's physical or mental health. To terminate pregnancy that would result in a child born with a

hereditary disorder that would be serious or associated with significant morbidity.

To selectively reduce the number of fetuses to minimize health risks associated with multiple pregnancy.

Elective or Voluntary Abortions

Definition : Interruption of a pregnancy before viability at the woman's request for reasons other than fetal anomalies or maternal risk.

Such abortions often result from social problems, such as teenage pregnancy or non-marital births; economic difficulties, such as insufficient income to support a child; or inappropriate timing.

9-Week Spontaneous Abortion

9-Week baby

Induced abortion Therapeutic abortion

World Abortion Statistics

Number of abortions per year: Approximately 46 MillionNumber of abortions per day: Approximately 126,000

Where abortions occur:78% of all abortions are obtained in developing countries and 22% occur in developed countries.

Legality of abortion:About 26 million women obtain legal abortions each year, while an additional 20 million abortions are obtained in countries where it is restricted or prohibited by law.

Abortion averages: The lifetime average is about 1 abortion per woman.

Do You Know The Hard Facts About Abortion In America? Taking of a human life by abortion is LEGAL in the USA at any

time throughout the entire 9 months of pregnancy... FOR ANY REASON!

That 700,000 abortions are performed each year in America after 9 weeks into the pregnancy.

The overwhelming majority of all abortions, (95%), are done as a means of birth control. Only 1% are performed because of rape 1% because of fetal abnormalities; 3% due to the mother's health problems.

For every two babies born another baby dies in an abortion.

That's 1.5 million babies each year; That's 4,000 babies every day;

That's 1 baby every 20 seconds; That's Approximately 40 million babies since 1973;

And that's just here in America

2.2 Statistic

The percentage of abortions by gestational development in England and Wales during 2004

2.2 Statistic

2.3 Factors contribute to abortion Wants to postpone childbearing:  25.5% Wants no (more) children:  7.9% Cannot afford a baby:  21.3% Having a child will disrupt education or job: 10.8% Has relationship problem or partner does not want pregnancy:

14.1% Too young; parent(s) or other(s) object to pregnancy: 12.2% Risk to maternal health: 2.8% Risk to fetal health: 3.3% Other: 2.1%

This bar chart presents data from a 1998 AGI study on the motivating factors behind abortion around the world. Countries with the most complete sets of data are presented. Omissions reflect incomplete data.

MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE

TYPES OF ABORTION METHOD FOR ABORTION

SIDE EFFECTS

TYPES OF ABORTION

1. Chemical (medical) abortion

2. Surgical abortion

CHEMICAL ABORTION Cause by certain drugs, act upon the hormones of the

mother to create a situation in which a zygote or embryo at which at this stages, cannot survive.

Most are used in combination which are : - One is to ensure the embryo is killed - Second to induce contractions ( the process in which the muscle become shorter and tighter) so that the dead embryo is expelled from uterus of the mother.• Also known as pharmaceutical abortions, and sometimes

are often considered ‘human pesticides’.• Example : Preven pills ,RU486, Methotrexate

Also known as ‘morning-after pills’ or ‘emergency contractive kid’ but more appropriately describe as ‘post-coital interception.

Ovarian hormones (estrogen) taken in large doses within 72 hours after sexual intercourse usually prevent implantation of blastocyst (embryo).

This preven pills prevent implantation but, not fertilization. Conception occurs but the blastocyst does not implant.

PREVEN PILLS

Also called as ‘French abortion pills’ Use two powerful synthetic hormones with the generic names of

Mifepristone and Misoprostol (chemical name : Prostaglandins) to chemically induce abortion in women 5-9 month pregnant.

Required three stages which are: 1. Given a physical exam, to check whether she has obvious

contra- indications that could cause to dead. Patient is given RU486 blocks the action of Progesterone hormone which give rich nutrient lining of the uterus.

2. After 36-48 hours,a dose of prostagladins is given which can initiates uterine contractions and cause the embryonic baby to be expelled from the uterus.3. 2 week later, determine whether the abortion has occurred or a surgical abortion is necessary to complete the procedure.

RU 486

METHOTREXATE By intramuscular injection Developed : to attack fast growing cancer cell by neutralizing the B

vitamin folic acid necessary for cell divisions. Methotrexate attack the fast growing cells of the baby, trophoblast

and placenta. Trophoblast acts as life supporting system to develop the child and human chorionic gonadotropin(hcg)

This hcg is a hormone that important in production of progesterone necessary to prevent breakdown of the uterine lining and loss of the pregnancy.

Lack of nutrients and oxygen due to Methotrexate cause the death of the baby.

Then, (3 to 7 days later), a prostaglandins is inserted to women vagina to trigger uterine contractions and expulsion the baby body from women uterus.

SURGICAL ABORTIONS

There are many method of surgical abortion and this procedure depends on:

1. The stage of pregnancy

2. The size of unborn baby

There a lots of methods that has been used in surgical abortions but the most common methods are:

- Suction aspiration

- Vacuum aspiration

At (8-9) week, eyelids are form and hair appears. At (9-10), preborn child sucks her thumb, jumps, frown, swallow and even move her tongue.

The abortion methods that can be done at this early stages are suction aspiration, dilation and curettage.

SUCTION ASPIRATION:

General or local anaesthesia is given to the mother and her cervix is quickly dilated. A suction curette ( hallow tube with a knife-edged tip) is inserted into the uterus trough the cervix. Then,it’s connect to the vacuum witch is 29 more powerful than the household vacuum by transparent tube. The placenta and the fetus will break down into parts small enough.

DILATION AND CURETTE (D&C):

This is similar to the Suction Aspiration method, but in this case,the abortion is done with a loop-shaped knife which is the doctor uses to scrape the wall of the uterus,cutting the fetus and placenta into a smaller parts and pulling them out through cervix.

EIGHT-WEEK PRE-BORN BABY

SUCTION ABORTION

Arteries are present (including the coronary vessels of the heart) and blood circulating to all body parts.

The heart beat ranges from 110 to 160 beats per minutes. White blood cell are formed as the existence of bone marrow.

The child can and sometimes cry (silently). The brain is fully formed and can feel pain. The eyelids now cover the eyes, and will shut until & month.

14 WEEK : Muscles lengthen and become organized. The baby is start kicking and moving inside.

15 WEEK : The fetus has an adult taste buds and may be able to savor the mother’s meals.

16 WEEK : The child can grasp with his hands, kick, or even somersault.

TWELVE – WEEK PRE – BORN BABY

The fetus is about 5 inches long and the child blinks, grasps and even move her mouth.

20 WEEK : The child can hear and recognize mother’s voice. Fingernails and fingerprints appear while sex organs are visible.

DILATION AND EVACUATION (D&E) :

Apply on eighteen week pre-born baby and above. A pair of forceps is inserted into the womb to grasp part of the fetus. The teeth of the forceps twist and tear the bones of the unborn baby. This process is repeated until the fetus is totally dismembered and removed. (spine must be snapped and the skull must be crush)

EIGHTEEN WEEK PRE – BORN BABY

SALT POISONING (SALINE INJECTION) A long needle injects a strong salt solution through the mother’s abdomen into the baby sac. It’s acts as a corrosive, burning off the outer layer of skin and the baby swallows this fluid as it poisoned by it. Within 24 hours, the mother will give birth to a dead baby.

D & E METHOD

Abortion

The unborn child is covered with a fine, downy hair called Lanugo. It’s skin is protected by a waxy substances called Vernix. The child practices breathing by inhaling amnionic fluid into developing lungs.

HYSTEROTOMY or CAESAREAN SECTION :

Similar to caesarean delivery, except the umbilical cord is usually cut, thus cutting off his oxygen supply and causing the baby to suffocate. Sometimes the baby is removed alive and simply at the corner to die of neglect or exposure.

SIX MONTH PRE – BORN BABY

30 WEEKS : The umbilical cord has been the baby’s lifeline to the mother.Nourishment is transferred from the mother’s blood to the umbilical cord to the fetus.

32 WEEKS : The fetus sleep (90-95%) of the day and sometimes experiences REM sleep.

PARTIAL BIRTH ABORTION There are 5 steps that involved in this methods: 1. Guided by ultrasound, the abortionist grabs the baby’s leg

with forceps. 2. The baby’s leg is pulled out into the birth canal. 3. The abortionist delivers the baby’s entire body , except for

the head. 4. The abortionist jam scissors into the baby’s skull to open to

enlarge the skull. 5. The scissors are removed and a suction catheter is inserted.

The child’s brain are sucked out, causing the skull to collapse. The dead body is then removed.

The baby are alive and fully capable of experiencing great

pain during a partial- birth abortion.

PARTIAL BIRTH ABORTION

RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS

ABORTION FEELS LIKE : Feel dizzy Feel strong cramps Feel temporary abdominal pain Have diarrhea Have temporary mild fever or pains

RISKS OF CHEMICAL OR MEDICAL ABORTION : Incomplete abortion . The embryo and other products of conception are not

entirely expelled from the uterus. Infection of disease such as venereal disease Very heavy bleeding Allergy reaction Moreover, the risk of both benign and malignant liver tumors may be

increased by Preven use. Smoking and the use of Preven greatly increase

the chance of developing possibly fatal heart disease. Undetected ectopic pregnancy, which can be fatal if left untreated.

SURGICAL ABORTION: Blood clots in the uterus Injury to the cervix Organ injury Will cause death if serious complication happen

FEELING AFTER AN ABORTION:

Sudden hormonal changes may cause long- lasting emotional problems. Some women feel relief, anger, regret, guilty or sadness for a little while.

FUTURE PREGNANCY:

For the women who got cervical damage during first abortion, it will induced abortion,increase the risks of miscarriage, premature birth and complication of labor.

LEGISLATION PERSPECTIVE

LAWS OF ENGLAND (ABORTION ACT 1967)

MALAYSIAN PENAL CODES(SECTION 312,313,314,315,316)

EXAMPLE OF CASES

LEGISLATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES

HISTORY OF THE ABORTION ACT 1967

Nineteenth century British law prohibited abortion. The law was not modified until the Bourne case of 1938.

Dr. Alec Bourne aborted a 14-year-old girl who had been raped by soldiers. Bourne turned himself over to the authorities so that he would be a test case. He was acquitted. Justice McNaughten told the jury that if Bourne believed that continuation of the pregnancy “would make the woman a physical or a mental wreck”, then he operated for the purpose only of preserving the life of the woman.51

The thalidomide disaster of 1962 resulted in almost 1,000 British women bearing babies with limbs missing. Many of these women had been refused abortions. In 1967, an act was finally passed which allowed abortion where two doctors find the continuation of the pregnancy poses a risk to the woman’s life, to her physical and mental health or to any existing children “greater than if the pregnancy were terminated”, and in cases where there was “substantial risk” of the foetus suffering from an anomaly.

The National Health Service has made abortion free of charge, but in practice such free procedures are largely unavailable and most abortions are performed privately and paid for by the women themselves.52

In April, 1990, the British House of Commons voted to cut the legal time limit for abortions from 28 to 24 weeks of pregnancy, but it also removed the upper limit of 28 weeks in cases of fatal handicap or “grave permanent injury to the physical and mental health of the pregnant woman”. This was a rejection of attempts by anti-abortion campaigners to reduce the limit to 22 weeks. It was the first change in the abortion law since 1967.53

THE ABORTION ACT 1967

MEDICAL TERMINATION PREGNANCY

1. A person shall not be guilty of an offence under the law relating to abortion when pregnancy is terminated by a registered medical practitioner of 2 registered medical practitioners are if the opinion, formed in good faith:

a) the pregnancy has not exceeded its twenty-fourth week and that the continuance of pregnancy would involve risk ,greater than if the pregnancy were terminated, of injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman or any existing children of her family; or

b) that the termination is necessary to prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman;or

c) That the continuance of the pregnancy would involve risk to the life of the pregnant woman;greater than if the pregnancy were terminated;

d) That there is a substantial risk if the child were born it would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped.

2. In determining whether the continuance of a pregnancy would involve such risk of injury to health as is mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1) of this section,account may be taken of the pregnant woman’s actual or reasonably foreseeable environment.

3. Except as provided by subsection(4)of this section ,any treatment for the termination of pregnancy must be carried out in a hospital vested in the Minister of Health or the Secretary of State under the National Health Service Acts ,or in a place for the time being approved for the purpose of this section by the said Minister or the Secretary of State.

a) The power under subsection(3)of this section to approve a place includes power, in relation to treatment consisting primarily in the use of such medicines as may be specified in the approval and carried out in such manner as may be so specified ,to approve a class of places.

4. Subsection(3)of this section, and so much of subsection(1) as relates to the opinion of two registered medical practitioners, shall not apply to the termination of a pregnancy by a registered medical practitioner in a case where he is of the opinion, formed in good faith, that the termination is immediately necessary to save the life or to prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman.

THE MALAYSIAN PENAL CODES(REVISED 1997)

Act 574 (Section 312) Act 574 (Section 313) Act 574 (Section 314) Act 574 (Section 315) Act 574 (Section 316)

312 . CAUSING MISCARRIAGE

Whoever voluntarily causes a woman with child to miscarry shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 3 years, or with fine, or with both; and if the woman be quick with child, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extended to 7 years and shall also be liable to fine.

EXPLANATION : A woman who causes herself to miscarry is within the meaning of this section.

EXCEPTION : This section does not extend to medical practitioner registered under

the Medical Act 1971 who terminated the pregnancy of a woman if such medical practitioner is of the opinion, formed in good faith, that the continuance of the pregnancy would involve risk to the life of the pregnant woman ,greater than if the pregnancy were terminated.

313 . CAUSING MISCARRIAGE WITHOUT WOMEN’S CONSENT

Whoever commits the offence defined in section 312 ,without the

consent of the woman ,whether the woman is quick with child or not,

shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to

20 years ,and shall also be liable to fine.

315 . ACT DONE WITH INTENT TO PREVENT A

CHILD BEING BORN ALIVE OR TO CAUSE IT TO DIE AFTER BIRTH

Whoever before the birth of any child does any act with the intention of thereby preventing that the child from being born alive, or causing it to die after its birth, and does by such act prevent that child from being born alive ,or causes it to die after its birth, shall, if such act be not caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the mother, be punished with imprisonment for a term which mayextend to 10 years, or with fine, or with both. necessities

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314 . DEATH CAUSED BY ACT DONE WITH INTENT TO CAUSE MISCARRIAGE. IF ACT DONE WITHOUT WOMAN’S CONSENT

Whoever, with intent to cause miscarriage of a woman with achild, does any act which causes the death of such woman ,shall bepunished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 10years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if the act is done without the consent of the woman, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 20 years.

316 . CAUSING DEATH OF A QUICK UNBORN

CHILD BY AN ACT AMOUNTING TO CULPABLE HOMICIDE.

Whoever does any act under such circumstances that if he thereby

caused death he would be guilty of culpable homicide, and does by

such act cause the death of a quick unborn child, shall be punished

with imprisonment for a term which may extend to

10 years ,and shall also be liable to fine.

EXAMPLES OF TRIAL

INVOLVING ABORTION CASES

Dr.Nadason Kanalingam

9 June 1984(High Court Kota Kinabalu) An obstetrician and gynaecologist, is charged

under section 312 of the Penal Code for voluntarily causing a woman with child to miscarry and such miscarriage wasn’t done in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the woman.

Found guilty by Wan Mohamed J and was sentenced to a fine of RM 3500,in default four months’ imprisonment

Dr Ong Bak Hin

Punished for causing miscarriage without a “bona fide” belief that in so causing her to miscarry and he was doing so to save the woman’s life.

After appealing, the Court of Appeal reduced the sentence from 5 years imprisonment to 2 years.

(considering the doctor’s age and long pro career)

Mary Shim

Sentenced with 9 months imprisonment under section 314 for doing an act with intent to cause miscarriage and which resulted in the death of a pregnant woman.

LEGISLATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES

Generally, the penal codes (abortion) of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are identical to that of Malaysia.

Indonesia-abortion is totally illegal and prohibited in all circumstances, even to save the life of mother.

Philippines -similar to Malaysia

Singapore - initially he same like Malaysia but since the introduction of the Termination of Pregnancy Act 1974,women are given absolute freedom to choose whether to bear a child or not up to 24 weeks of pregnancy ,unless it’s necessary to abort beyond this time limit to save the life or to prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman.

RED Abortion illegal in all circumstances or permitted only to save a woman's life. PINK Abortion legally permitted only to save a woman's life or protect her physical health. YELLOW Abortion legally permitted only to protect mental health. BLUE Abortion legally permitted on socioeconomic grounds WHITE Abortion on request

LEGISLATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES

54 countries allow abortion, which is about 61 % of the world population.  97 countries, about 39 percent of the population, have abortion laws that make it

illegal

France - LegalizedBritain - Legalized

Switzerland - LegalizedDenmark - legalizedHungary - LegalizedRomania - Legalized

Italy - Legalized Russia - Legalized

United States - LegalizedChina -Legalized

Australia - LegalizedColombia - Illegal

Peru - IllegalMexico - IllegalBrazil – IllegalPoland - Illegal

Sources: International Family Planning Perspectives, 16:59, June 1990; USA Today, 8/8/96.

ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

MADDHAB AL - QURAN

Abortion in the Noble Quran Allah Almighty "breathes" from His Spirit into the foetus Warning from doing abortion to all women in the Noble Quran Conclusion

MADHHABS ...the Hanafi school is the most flexible on abortion. It specifies

that before the fourth month of pregnancy, an abortion may be induced if a woman's pregnancy poses a threat to the life of her already existing infant.

The Maliki position prohibits an abortion after implantation has taken place

the Shafi'i school maintains that at any stage after fertilization the zygote should not be disturbed, and interference with its development would be a crime.

The Hanbali school by stipulating the payment of blood wit for causing a miscarriage shows that it regards abortion as a sin. (90)

...the Hanafi school is the most flexible on abortion. It specifies that before the fourth month of pregnancy, an abortion may be induced if a woman's pregnancy poses a threat to the life of her already existing infant.

The Maliki position prohibits an abortion after implantation has taken place

the Shafi'i school maintains that at any stage after fertilization the zygote should not be disturbed, and interference with its development would be a crime.

The Hanbali school by stipulating the payment of blood wit for causing a miscarriage shows that it regards abortion as a sin. (90)

AL - QURAN

Abortion in the Noble Quran Allah Almighty "breathes" from His Spirit into the

foetus Warning from doing abortion to all women in the

Noble Quran Conclusion

Abortion in the Noble Quran "Kill not your children for fear of want: We shall

provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of them is a great sin.  (The Noble Quran, 17:31)“

"Say: "Come, I will rehearse what God hath (really) prohibited you from": Join not anything as equal with Him; be good to your parents; kill not your children on a plea of want;- We provide sustenance for you and for them;- come not nigh to shameful deeds. Whether open or secret; take not life, which God hath made sacred, except by way of justice and law: thus doth He command you, that ye may learn wisdom.  (The Noble Quran, 6:151)"

"O Prophet! When believing women come to thee to take the oath of fealty to thee, that they will not associate in worship any other thing whatever with God, that they will not steal, that they will not commit adultery (or fornication), that they will not kill their children, that they will not utter slander, intentionally forging falsehood, and that they will not disobey thee in any just matter,- then do thou receive their fealty, and pray to God for the forgiveness (of their sins): for God is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.  (The Noble Quran, 60:12)"

word “children” - a look at embryology in the Noble Quran

“He created you (all) from a single person: then created, of like nature, his mate; and he sent down for you eight head of cattle in pairs: He makes you, in the wombs of your mothers, in stages, one after another, in three veils of darkness. such is God, your Lord and Cherisher: to Him belongs (all) dominion. There is no god but He: then how are ye turned away (from your true Centre)?  (The Noble Quran, 39:6)”

“Man We did create from a quintessence (of clay);  (The Noble Quran, 23:12)”

“Then We placed him as (a drop of) sperm in a place of rest, firmly fixed;  (The Noble Quran, 23:13)”

“Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood; then of that clot We made a (foetus) lump; then we made out of that lump bones and clothed the bones with flesh; then we developed out of it another creature. So blessed be God, the best to create!  (The Noble Quran, 23:14)”

“Was he not a drop of sperm emitted (in lowly form)?  (The Noble Quran, 75:37)”

“Then did he become a leech-like clot; then did (God) make and fashion (him) in due proportion.  (The Noble Quran, 75:38)”

“And of him He made two sexes, male and female.   (The Noble Quran, 75:39)”

“Him Who created thee. Fashioned thee in due proportion, and gave thee a just bias;  (The Noble Quran, 82:7)”

“In whatever Form He wills, does He put thee together.  (The Noble Quran, 82:8)”

“O mankind! if ye have a doubt about the Resurrection, (consider) that We created you out of dust, then out of sperm, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh, partly formed and partly unformed, in order that We may manifest (our power) to you; and We cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term, then do We bring you out as babes, then (foster you) that ye may reach your age of full strength; and some of you are called to die, and some are sent back to the feeblest old age, so that they know nothing after having known (much), and (further), thou seest the earth barren and lifeless, but when We pour down rain on it, it is stirred (to life), it swells, and it puts forth every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs).  (The Noble Quran, 22:5)”

"Verily We created Man from a drop of mingled sperm, in order to try him: So We gave him (the gifts), of Hearing and Sight.  (The Noble Quran, 76:2)"

Allah Almighty "breathes" from His Spirit into the foetus

“But He fashioned him in due proportion, and breathed into him something of His spirit. And He gave you (the faculties of) hearing and sight and feeling (and understanding): little thanks do ye give!  (The Noble Quran, 32:9)”

“When I have fashioned him (in due proportion) and breathed into him of My Spirit, fall ye down in obeisance unto him.  (The Noble Quran, 15:29)”

Warning from doing abortion to all women in the Noble Quran

"O Prophet! When believing women come to thee to take the oath of fealty to thee, that they will not associate in worship any other thing whatever with God, that they will not steal, that they will not commit adultery (or fornication), that they will not kill their children, that they will not utter slander, intentionally forging falsehood, and that they will not disobey thee in any just matter,- then do thou receive their fealty, and pray to God for the forgiveness (of their sins): for God is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.  (The Noble Quran, 60:12)"

Conclusion "Every soul shall have a taste of death: and We test you by evil

and by good by way of trial. to Us must ye return.  (The Noble Quran, 21:35)"

"O ye who believe! God doth but make a trial of you in a little matter of game well within reach of game well within reach of your hands and your lances, that He may test who feareth him unseen: any who transgress thereafter, will have a grievous penalty.  (The Noble Quran, 5:94)"

"Your riches and your children may be but a trial: but in the Presence of God, is the highest, Reward.  (The Noble Quran, 64:15)"

COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGLISH

LAW AND ISLAM LAW

• SIMILARITIES

• DIFFERENCES

SIMILARITIES

Both laws permit abortion under certain circumstances:

- that the continuance of pregnancy would cause greater effects than if the pregnancy were terminated.

Both laws have certain duration in which abortion can be done.

DIFFERENCES

ENGLISH LAW ISLAMIC LAW Abortion must be done by 2 registered medical practitioners

Not mention

The foetus or pregnancy has not exceeded 24 weeks

The foetus or pregnancy has not exceeded 4 months(120 days)

Abortion must be carried out in a hospital approved by the ministry.

Not mention

PEMBENTANG BERSAMA :

Norsyazwan binti Salim Lim

Ezuana binti Jaaffar

Nik Nurwani binti Nik Mohd Nasir

Riham Hanim binti Mohsen

PENATA CAHAYA :

Syazwan

BOOM :

Wani

PENGAUDIT :

Yam

PENATA MUZIK :

Ezuana

PENULIS SKRIP :

Syazwan

JURUKAMERA :

Zatil

PENGARAH :

Mr Izzuan Izzaidi @ Mr. Is

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