Abneil D. Solid State Synthesis Project

Solid State Synthesis of Mixed Metal Oxides

Tornés-Blanco Anibal Alicea-Pauneto Abneil Colón-Rivera Ramón González-Piñeiro Ann

INTRODUCTION

Background Info ❏ Solid-state synthesis

❏ Branch of material chemistry : Mix & match solids.

❏ Why is this study so important? ❏ Obtain new compounds with unique

properties to aid the technologically dependent world we live in.

Cornerstone of technology❏ Superconductors such as high purity silicon and catalysts like platinum, took a pivotal role in the

industrialization process during the 20th century.

Chen et al. 2015

“In recent years, electrochemical capacitors, also known as supercapacitors, have received a large amount of attention as an important power storage device due to their high power density, fast recharge capability and long cycle life .”

Related Works

Koscielski et al. 2012

Problem

❏ Synthesize new compounds from the combination of different metals from the families 13, 14, 15, chalcogens (group 16) and intrinsic Oxygen.

Hypothesis❏ After heat application, oxidation reactions will occur and

hopefully, crystals will appear .

❏ This is a trial and error experimentation

METHODOLOGY

ReactionsTernary Quaternary

1 In : 1 Sb 1 S : 1 Bi : 1 In

1 In : 1 Bi 1 Pb : 1 Sn : 1 S

2 In : 1 Sn 2 In : 1 Sn : 1S

2 In : 1 Pb 2 In : 1 Sn : 2 S

Ternary Quaternary

5 In : 3 Sb 1 Co : 2 In : 1 S

5 Sn : 3 Pb 1 Co : 1 Bi : 1 S

5 Bi : 3 Pb 1 In : 2 Co : 2 S

1 Bi : 2 Pb 1 In : 1 Bi : 1 S

Methodology Element Selection & Weighing Carbon CoatingSilica Tube Split

http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/18968/why-does-a-glass-tube-show-white-bands-after-being-heated-with-a-torch

http://instrumentosdelaboratorio.org/balanza-de-laboratorio

http://oxypetrol.com/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/fallenangel8/2503298659/

MethodologyTransfer the reaction

to the tubeHeat in the

GSL-1100x “Lisa” ”

Results Analysis via Microscope

http://instrumentosdelaboratorio.org/espatula-de-laboratorio

Heating Curve

Cooling

Heating

Liquid/Solid

Results

We found Crystals!

But not the type we expected...

Ternary Reactions I 5 In : 3 Sb 5 Sn : 3 Pb

Ternary Reactions II 5 Bi : 3 Pb 1 Bi : 2 Pb

Ternary Reactions III1 In : 1 Sb 1 In : 1 Bi

Ternary Reactions IV 2 In : 1 Sn 2 In : 1 Pb

Conclusions❏ The results were partially positive making allusions to our

hypothesis.

❏ We obtained Oxide Powder.

Limitations

❏ Time Limitation

❏ Only one high temperature vacuum tube furnace,

named ¨Lisa¨ .

❏ Oxygen insulating equipment

Future Work

❏ Try new combinations of ternary and quaternary

compounds

❏ Analyze the data collected with the appropriate

instrumentation

ReferencesChen S, Xue M, Li Y, Zhu L, Zhang D, Fang Q, Qiu S. 2015. Porous ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles

derived from a new mixed-metal organic framework for supercapacitors. Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) (2) . [2014 Oct 17, cited 2015 April 29] 2:(177-183). DOI: 10.1039/c4qi00167b

C. Z. Yuan, L. Yang, L. R. Hou, L. F. Shen, X. G. Zhang and X. W. Lou, Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5, 7883.

Koscielski L, Ringe E, Van Duyne R, Ellis D, Ibers J. 2012. Single-Crystal Structures, Optical Absorptions, and Electronic Distributions of Thorium Oxychalcogenides ThOQ (Q= S, Se, Te). American Chemical Society dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic300510x | Inorg. Chem. 2012, 51, 8112−8118.

Acknowledgements● RISE Program at UPR Cayey

● Omar Padilla

● Christopher Bernard

● Andres Diaz

● Maria Rivera

● Roberto González

In Memory of Dr. Lukasz A. Koscielski