ABHRAKA BHASMA Dr. Naveen.K. 2 nd MD
ABHRAKA BHASMA
Dr. Naveen.K.
2nd MD
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION • SYNONYMS• RASA PANCHAKA• PROPERTIES• TYPES • CLASSIFICATION OF MICA• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • CHEMICAL COMPOSITION• DHANYABHRAKA NIRMAANA• SHODHANA & MARANA• AMRITHIKARANA• LOUHRITHIKARANA• SATVPAATANA • AMAYIKA PRAYOGA• CLINICAL STUDY• YOGAS
Introduction
Abhraka , Is one among the maharasa,called as mica
Abhra vaikranta maakshikam vimalaadrija sasyakam
Chapalo rasakadcheti jnaatvasto sangrahed rasan
Abhraka is SHUKRA of Devi
Nirukti Abhrati abhryate
Abhragatou dhaatu abhrasya pratika
Its structure resembles to that of a cloud.
SYNONYMS
• ABHRA• AJARA• AMBARA• ANANTAKA• BAHUPATRA• GIRIJA• GIRIJABIJA • GOURITEJA• PITAKA• RASAMULA• SANDHATVANASANAM• SUBHRAM• VAJRA
Rasa panchaka
• Rasa - Kasaya, Madhura• Guna - Snigdha, Laghu• Virya - Sita• Vipaka - Madhura• Prabhava – Rasayana
Dosa Karma• Vata Pittaghna• Akaphakara• Tridosaghna
Properties Goureeteja paramamritam vaatapittakshayagnam
Prajnaabodhi prashamatirujam vrishysmaayushyamgrayam
Balyam snigdham ruchidamkapham deepanam sheetaveeryam
Tath tath yogaihi sakalagadahritdvyoma sootendrabandhi - RRS 2/2
Abhraka which is mined from depth of one raajahasta – 1.25 feet – is said to have the above qualities , which is available on the earth is devoid of essence & useless
Abhram kashaaya madhuram susheetam ayukaram dhaatuvivardhanam cha
Hanyatridosha vrana meha kushta pleehodara granthi visha krimeescha
Rogaan hanti dhridayativapu veeryavriddhi vidhatte taarunyaadhya ramayati shatam yoshitam nityameva Deerghaayushyaan janayati sutaan vikramaisimhatulyan
mrutyobhreetim harati satati sevamaanam mritaabhram- Ayurveda prakaasha
Mritam satvam harenmrityu sarvarogavinaashanam kshayam paandu grahaneekam shvaasam shulam sakaamalam jvaramehaanscha kaasanscha gulmaanpanchavidhaanapi medaagnimudaranyevamarshaamsi vividhaani cha anupaana prayogena sarvaroga hanti cha abhram satvagunaa vaktum shakyate na samaashatai :
- Rasaprakaasha sudhaakara
PRASHASTHA ABHRAKA LAKSHANA
Snigdham prithudalam varnasamyuktam bhaaratoadhikam
Sukhanirmochapatrm cha tadabhram shastameeritam
RRS 2/11
Unctous
With layers
Good coloured
Heavy in wt
Layers are easily seperable
Sevana yogya abhraka bhasma
• Nischandrikam – lustreless
• Mritam – maarita,after maarana karma
Sevana ayogya abhraka bhasma• Chandrasamyuktam – with lustre
Complication- meham mandaanalam chareth
RRS 2/13
TYPES OF ABHRAKA ACCORDING TOVARIOUS PARAMETERS
According to reaction on fire(R.R.S. 2/4 )
According toVarna (A.P.2/91)
According toUdbhava Sthana(R.T. 10/14)
According to colour(R.T. 10/3-4, A.P. 2/92-93,R.P. 7/13)
Pinaka Naga Manduka Vajra
Sveta Rakta Pita Krsna1. Brahmana(Sveta) 2. Ksatriya(Rakta)3. Vaisya(Pita)4. Sudra(Krisna)
1. uttaraseilottha(Uttama) 2. Daksinaseilottha(Madhyama)3. Purvaseilottha(Hina)
Sveta Rakta Pita Krisna
Pinaka Naga Manduka Vajra
Sr. No Variety Sound
produced
Change on fire
Effect if taken
internally
1 Pinaka Chit, Chit sound
Separates the leaves
with specific sound
Mahakustha,
Malabandha,
Mrutyu
2 Naga Whistling sound
Separates the leaves
with specific sound
Bhagandara,
Mandalakust Maha Kustha
3 Manduka Sounds like frog
Jumps in fire Svasa, Apsmara, Mrtyu
4 Vajra No sound
produced
Unchanged Vyadhi-Vardhakya-
Mrtyu Nasaka, Sarva
Rogahara
Types of Mica
1 Muscovite - Potassium Mica [H2KAl3 (SiO4)3]
2. Paragonite - Sodium Mica [H2NaAl3 (SiO4)3]
3. Lepidolite - Lithium Mica [(OH, F)2 KLiAl2 Si3O10]
4. Zinnwaldiet - Lithium iron Mica [(Li2K2Fe2Al4Si7O24]
5. Biotite - Magnesium iron Mica [H2K(Mg,Fe)3 Al(SiO4)3]
6. Phlogopite - Magnesium Mica - usually containing flourine free from iron
[H2KMg3Al (SiO4)3]
7. Lepidomelane - Iron Micas containing ferric iron in large amount (H2K)Fe3(Al, Fe)(SiO4)3]
Physical properties
• Specific gravity (gm/cm³) 2.82• Refractive Index 1.58• Hardness (Moh's Scale) 2.5• pH value 7.7• Softening Point 2800°F
Chemical Composition
• Silica• Aluminia• Potash• Ferric Oxide• Calcium Oxide• Magnesia• Titanium Oxide• Manganese• Sodium Oxide• Phosphorous• Sulphur
Dhaanyabhraka nirmaana
Abhraka is mixed with shaali dhaanya tied in cloth keep in kaanji & do mardana. The resultant powder of abhraka is known as dhaanyabhraka
• Uses (1) To reduce the hardness of Abhraka.(2) To form more fine and standard size to
Abhraka particle to increase the area of exposure.(3) To remove the remaining physical impurities.(4) And also to impose the properties of Amla
Rasa through Kanji on it.
Shodhana
Nirvaapana – heating & dipping for 7 times in kaaji gomutra triphala kwaatha goksheera
Maarana Equal quantity of shodhita abhraka haridra pouded with amalaki tankana swarasa
Subjected to 60 puta
Sinduranibha bhasma procured
Method 2 :
Bhaavana of abhraka with swarasa of
vatamula/ nagavalli/ vasa/ matsyakshi with kathilla/ vataksheera subjected 20 times gaja puta
• Scholars of rasasastra widely vary in their opinion regarding the number of Putas to be given for preparation of Abhraka Bhasma. Acaryas prescribe the Putas ranging from 1 to 1000. (1, 3, 7, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 1000) (A.P. 2/106 & R. S. S.), for the preparation of Abhraka Bhasma
Ref Number of puta Therapeutic effect
Ayurveda Prakasa
10-100
100-1000
500
Vyadhinasana
Rasayana
Vajikarana
Br. R. R. S. 18 Puta
36 Puta
54 Puta
Tridosghna Medoghna
Shothaghna
1. Samghatabhedakara - Gomutra, Aja Rakta,
2. Balya + Samghatabhedakara - Asvagandha, Goksura, Vasa, Talamula,Talispatra, Brhati, Agnimanth, Kantakari
3. Balya - Kokilaksa, Asvagandha, Vatakshira, Eranda Mula, Patala,Krsnaparni, Devadaru.
4. Dipana - Agni Mantha, Citraka, Tilaparni, Brhati, Tambul
5. Varnya - Kumari, Vatakshira, Vatakvatha, Lodhra, Patala, Bhrngaraja,Kukkutnakhi, Manjistha, Laksa
6. Visaghna - Tanduliyaka, Kadali, Saliparni, Prsnaparni, Tilaparni, Saptaparna, Sankhapuspi, Triphla, Kakamachi, Musakarni, Bhrngaraja.
7. Kasaghna - Datura, Kasamarda, Talisaptra, Vansa, Arkamula, Arkakshira,Bhadra Mustaka, Brhati, Kadamba, Kantakari
8. Ragakara - Manjisatha, Gangeruki, Bhadramusta, Vatakshira, Haridra
Maarana dravyas
Amrithikarana Materials • Abhraka – 10 parts • Triphala kashaya – 16 parts• Gogritha – 10 partsProcedure Heat all the materials together up to red hot stage is
attained , close & allow to cool the content. Varnahaani -red coloured Bhasma changes to brown or
black one.Advantage Ferroso Ferric Oxide - Fe3O4- oxide is the basic oxide
readily reacting with dilute acids to form corresponding iron salts, this makes it the most absorptive form of iron, which will be digested in Stomach.
Louhrithikarana A process carried out for the regeneration
of Lohita Varna i.e. red colour of Abhraka Bhasma is called Lohitikarana
Procedure Bhasma is given bhaavana with manjishta
kwaatha, give 3 gajaputa to get brick red coloured bhasma
Advantage Thus maximum amount of Iron is converted to
Fe2O3 i.e. Ferric state, inwhich it can be absorbed in the body readily.
Satvapaatana Shodhita abhraka + ¼ tankana Bhaavana with musali svarasa In satvapaatana koshti heated liberate satva
Satva shodhana Satva boiled in kaanji with mixing of shodhaneeya gana
dravyas, later kept in musha heated. After cooling content is mixed agajn with shodhaneeya gana dravya heated & cooled.
Satvamaarana
• Fine powder of abhraka satva is kept in sharaava repeatedly for 7 times.
• Equal quantity of shodhita gandhaka is added , bhaavana of vatamula kashaaya
• 20 gajaputa given in sharaava samputa• Bhaavana of triphala kashaaya followed by 20 varaaha puta
given• Bhasma obtained is given bhaavana with svarasa or kashaaya
of triphala,mundi,bhringaraaja,harithaki,vibhitaki & moolaka respectively.
• Instead of 20 varaaha putas if 100 putas given its called as satvaabhra satvaabhra
Satvabhratkinchidaparam nirvikaaram gunaadhikamSatvabhratkinchidaparam nirvikaaram gunaadhikamGunavajjayate atyartham param deepana paachanamGunavajjayate atyartham param deepana paachanam
RRS 2/44RRS 2/44
AMAYIKA PRAYOGA
Dosage : 1 – 2 ratti (125 – 250 mg)• Abhraka satva bhasma of 1-2 ratti(125 -250 mg) with
trikatu, vidanga & ghee each 1 ratti will eradicate kshaya, paandu, grahani, shoola, kushta.
• Useful in jwara, shvasa, prameha, aruchi, kasa, mandaagni, udara.
• Along with nisha, pippali – prameha• Taken with svarna bhasma – kshaya
• AB, haritaki, ela, guda, sharkara – raktapitta• AB with madhu & triphala – netrya • AB with murva – vrana• AB with bhallataka – tvak dosha• Abhraka bhasma, ashvagandha, nagara ,
pushkara mula, bhaarngi – vata vyadhi • AB with chaturjaata, sita – pittaroga• AB, katphala, trikatu, kshoudra – shleshma roga
natah parataram kinchith jara mrityu vinaashanam
yogaratnakara
CLINICAL STUDY
1) Oza N. H. 1966, The Abhraka Bhasma (21 puta) showed a 38.5% increase in Hb% along with 0.2 million increase in RBC count. when it was administered in the dose of 250 mg thrice daily for fifteen days
2 ) Joshi D., 1973 - 66% relief was reported in the patients of Amlapitta with the treatment of Abhraka Bhasma (20 Puta) administered in the dose of 200 mg/ four times a day for 10 days where as 89% relief was found in the patients of Amlapitta with the treatment of Svetabhraka Bhasma administered in the dose of 500 mg/thrice a day for ten days.
3) Dwivedy G., 1981 - Symptomatic relief in Polyurea (77%) Polydypsia (38%) Turbid urine (24%) Burning sensation of palm and sole (31%) and Impotency (31%) was observed in the patients of Prameha (Diabetes Mellitus) with the treatment of Abhraka Satva Bhasma, when it was administered in the dose of 62.5 mg/twice daily for a period of 15 to 60 days with Trikatu
STUDY ON ABHRAKA BHASMAby
DEEPALI KORDE -RSBK-2003 IPGT&R, JAMNAGAR, GUJARAT
Toxicity study - To evaluate the safety profile
• 1. Group - 10 puti A.B. 11 mg / 200 gm body weight• 2. Group - 20 puti A.B. 11 mg / 200 gm body weight• 3. Group - (Control) Normal feeds No drug given Tap
water
The rats were fed for 43 days and sacrificed on 44th days by cervical dislocation.
EFFECT OF THE 10 PUTI AND 20 PUTI ABHRAKA BHASMAON BODY WEIGHT OF ALBINO RATS, RECORDED
DURING TOXICOLOGICAL STUDY
Body weight gain was observed in all the three groups. The body weight increase was comparatively less in10 puti Abhraka Bhasma treated group in comparison to control where as it is comparatively higher in 20 puti Abhraka Bhasma treated group. However, both these differences were found to be statistically non-significant .
Liver The apparent moderate decrease observed in 10
Puti Abhraka bhasma treated groupand the apparent increase observed in 20 Puti Abhraka Bhasma administered group were found to be statistically non-significant
Kidney
statistically non-significant increase in kidney weight was observed in both the drug treated groups irrespective expression of data either inabsolute or relative form
Heart
statistically not significant decrease in heart weight -irrespective of expression of data in terms of either absolute of relative weights
Spleen The data obtained showed statistically
significant gain in the weight of the spleen when expressed in terms of relative weight in the group treated with 10 Puti Abhraka Bhasma, while the weight gain expressed in terms of absolute weight in the same group was not statistically significant. In the group treated with 20 Puti Abhraka Bhasma statistically non-significant decrease in spleen weight was observed irrespective of the manner in which the data were expressed
Testes Marginal, statistically non-significant increase in
testes is weight was observed in both groups
HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL
Marginal reduction in Hb level in 10 Puti Abhraka Bhasma treated group while
marked reduction was observed in the group treated with 20 Puti Abhraka Bhasma which was statistically highly significant
RBC Administrationof 10 Puti Abhraka Bhasma
did not have any effect on RBC count. In 20 Puti Abhraka Bhasma treated group, an apparent 17.25% but statistically non-significant decrease was observed.
WBC
Test drug administration leads to an apparent moderate but statistically non-significant decrease in total WBC count.
Platelet count
The apparent decrease observed in platelet count in drug treated group, in comparison to control group, was found to be statistically non significant
EFFECT ON SERUM CHOLESTEROL
Administration of 10 Puti Abhraka Bhasma lead to an apparent 19.72%., increase in serum total cholesterol level. An apparent decrease was observed in 20 Puti Abhraka Bhasma treated group
BLOOD UREA Significant elevation in Blood Urea level in 10 puti Abhraka Bhasma treated group in
comparison to control group. In 20 puti Abharaka Bhasma administered group the marginal increase.
EFFECT ON SERUM CREATININE
In 10 Puti Abhraka Bhasma treated group 59.78% increase in serum creatinine level was observed. In 20 Puti Abhraka Bhasma administered group a marginal 3.2% decrease was observed.
EFFECT ON SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE
The apparent increase observed in serum triglyceride level in test drugs administered groups, in comparison to control group
HDL-CHOLESTEROL
Statistically significant increase was observed in 20 Puti Abhraka Bhasma as compared to control group rats. In 10 puti Abhraka Bhasma treated group only a marginal decrease was observed
SERUM BILIRUBIN
Administration of test drugs lead to an apparent but statistically non-significant decrease in serum bilirubin level
TOTAL PROTEIN
A marginal to moderate, but statistically non- significant, increase in total protein level in serum in drug treated groups in comparison to control group
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
show an apparent marginal to moderate elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase activity, in test drug treated group, in comparison to control group.
SGOT
The apparent moderate increase observed in SGOT activity in test drugs administered groups in comparison to
control group
SGPT
The test drug did not produce any significant effect on SGPT activity.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Microscopic Examination
LIVER
In group treated with 10 puti Abhraka Bhasma there was no changes in the cytoarchitechture. In group receiving 20 puti Abhraka Bhasma fatty degenerative changes of moderate intensity was observed.
KIDNEY
Microscopic examination of kidney sections from different groups did not reveal any marked changes in the cytoarchitecture
Lungs
Lung sections from 10 puti Abhraka Bhasma administered group in some rats showed cell infiltration of moderate intensity. In lung sections from group receiving 20 puti Abhraka Bhasma intense inflammatory reactions along with fluid accumulation was observed. The bronchioles were filled with exudates that extended extensively into the associated respiratory acini and peri-bronchiolar alveoli. Further thickening of the alveolar wall was observed with cell infiltration
Heart Scanning of sections of heart obtained from
different group under microscope did not reveal any cytoarchitectural disturbances.
Jejunum Scanning of jejunal sections from different groups
under microscope revealed presence of mild inflammatory changes in the sections from group receiving 10 puti Abhraka Bhasma rats; while the sections from group receiving 20 puti Abhraka Bhasma rats appeared normal
Spleen
Scanning of spleen sections from different groups did not reveal any change in the organ cytoarchitecture except for observation of pigment deposition in one section from group receiving 20 puti Abhraka Bhasma
Testes Scanning of sections of testis from group receiving
10 puti Abhraka Bhasma showed moderate to significant decrease in the spermatogenesis with marked hypertrophy of the interstitial cells.
Brain Scanning of sections of the brain from different
groups did not reveal any significant change in the normal cytoarchitecture.
Chemical analysis
The acid insoluble content in 5th puti Abhraka Bhasma is 36.48% and it decreases steadily with the increase of puta number i.e. 10th, 15th and 20th puta samples, it is 33.7%, 31.00% and 30.36% respectively. While the acid soluble ash content increases with the increase in puta number.
The acid soluble ash portion of the samples were analysed for iron, aluminium, calcium and magnesium content. The iron content in 15th and 20th puti Abhraka Bhasma increases marginally than that of 5th and 10th puti Abhraka Bhasma (20.87% from 19.21%).
There is increase in aluminium and calcium content
of all Abhraka Bhasma samples than that of the Raw Abhraka while 15th and 20th puta shows slight increase in it as compared to 10th puta.
Magnesium content decreases slightly in 5th, 10th
and 20th puti Abhraka Bhasma samples.
The acid solubility of Abhraka Bhasma increases with the increase in the number of puta given
Yogas
Vasanthakusumaakara rasa
Laxmi vilasa rasa
Sameerapannaga
Rasaraja rasa
Gagana parpati
Abhra vatika
Vaata vidhvamsini rasa
Panchaana rasa
Chandrakala rasa
Prabhaakara vati
Gagana sundara rasa
Mritasanjeevani rasa
Ratna garbha potali
Yogendra rasa
Vadavanala rasa
Mehaari rasa
Soothikaabharana rasa
Kaarunya sagara rasa
Praaneshvara rasa