ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUD & ITS IMPACTS IDC 602 ABHISHEK MISHRA PH14047
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ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUD & ITS IMPACTSIDC 602
ABHISHEK MISHRA PH14047
CONTENTS
• Motivation
• Terminologies
• Atmospheric Brown Cloud
• Impacts
• Conclusion
EARTH AND ITS ATMOSPHERE
IMAGE SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
Our Dumping Ground????
How Does the atmosphere
communicates its TOO MUCH!!!
RISING SEA LEVEL
SYMPTOMS OF GLOBAL
WARMING
MELTING ICE CAPS
SEVERE RAIN DROUGHT
IMAGE SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
The World Doesn’t need another bad news: Unfortunately there is : ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUDS.
Effects will be felt more accurately over ASIA as water and food Security is threatened. INDOEX-2001
WORLD POPULATION DATA Source: World-population-density-map
Sources of PollutionIMAGE SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
IMAGE SOURCE: Jacob’s Wiley
• CO2 [~100 Years]
• Particulates [~10 Days]
• Every Combustion activity results in CO2
IMAGE SOURCE: GOOGLE IMAGES
Nature’s Balance
SOLAR INPUT
30%
SOLAR
REFLECTED SHORTWAVE
TERRESTRIAL
ATMOSPHERE
RADIATED TO SPACE
RADIATED TO GROUNDRADIATED FROM GROUND
THE GREEN HOUSE EFFECT : NATURE’S BLANKET
Published in 1971
• The report’s epigraph was a Sanskrit prayer: “O Mother Earth… pardon me for trampling on you.
• CO2
IMAGE SOURCE: AMAZON
TIMELINE
INADVERTENT CLIMATE MODIFICATION
CFC as Ozone Destroyer 1974
IMAGE SOURCE: Google
CFC as GHG 1975 (Ramanathan 1975)
One Molecule of CFC has same greenhouse effect as addition of more than 10000 molecules of Carbon Dioxide to atmosphere.
IPCC AR4 (2007)
EQUIVALENCE OF GREEN HOUSE FORCING TO POWER CONSUMPTION
Pre-Industrial 1750-2004 Green House Forcing = 3 W/m2 IPCC-2007
Equivalent to burning a 60 Watt bulb for every 20 square metre of surface area.
If distributed globally it would be 25 trillion, 60W bulbs distributed, BURNING DAY and NIGHT all the year. Ramanathan,2007
Hence, the planet is getting heated up !! Water Vapour Feedback
But the Trend has been lower as predicted by Models in 1980’s.
IPCC AR4 (2007)
MASKING due to Reflection of Sunlight [Sulphates]
IMAGE SOURCE: Ramanathan 2007
• Atmospheric brown clouds (ABC) are vast plumes of pollution clouds about 3 Km thick found at almost 10000 feet.
• Impacts Agriculture, Health, climate change
• Mainly five Regional Hotspots
• East Asia, IGP, SE Asia, Southern Africa and Amazon Basin. NORTH AMERICA??
• BC, Sulphates, Soot, OPC’s etc. [INDOEX]
• AOD > 0.3
• Trans-Oceanic and Trans-Continental Plume
HIMALAYAS ARABIAN SEA
CALIFORNIA S.CHINA
AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTHIMAGE SOURCE: NASA [Giovanni]
DATA TIMELINE: March-April 2014
IMPACTSGLACIAL RETREAT
Satellite Observation at NCO-Pyramid [ACP- 2010]
JEOPARDY IN WATER RESOURCES
IMAGE SOURCE: Nfs.gov
IMPACTS [Continued…]
VARIEGATED IMPACT ON Radiative Forcing
IMPACTS [Continued…]
IMAGE SOURCE: Aufhmmer et.al 2006
ELEVATED HEAT PUMP MECHANISM for MONSOON
IMPACTS [Continued…]
CONCLUSION
• Brown clouds are masking the impact of climate change.
• They are causing inhibitory impacts like dimming sunlight, retreating glaciers, health issues etc
• Different plumes globally but most significant from Asia’s point of view
• Food and Water Security
• Solutions???
THANK YOU
Refrences
• Asian Brown Cloud : facts and Fantasy J. Srinivasan* and Sulochana Gadgil
• Atmospheric Brown Cloud, long range Transport and impacts V. Ramanathan and V. Ramanama
• New Directions: Atmospheric Brown ‘‘Clouds, Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) 4033–4035
• http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni [NASA, GIOVANNI]
• Lau.etal 2008, Impact of Brown Cloud on Monsoon
• Ramanthan, TED talks, Scripps university.
• Brown cloud and its impacts [report Ramanathan 2010]