ABDOMINAL CONTENT -Cavity is lined by a thin serous membrane called the Peritoneum - Parietal layer – lines abdominal wall - Visceral layer – covers organs - Encloses; liver, gal bladder, ovaries, spleen, stomach, most of intestines..etc.. PERITONITIS – inflammation of the peritoneal cavity caused by infections
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ABDOMINAL CONTENT -Cavity is lined by a thin serous membrane called the Peritoneum - Parietal layer – lines abdominal wall - Visceral layer – covers organs.
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ABDOMINAL CONTENT
-Cavity is lined by a thin serous membrane called the Peritoneum - Parietal layer – lines abdominal wall- Visceral layer – covers organs- Encloses; liver, gal bladder, ovaries, spleen, stomach, most of intestines..etc..
PERITONITIS – inflammation of the peritoneal cavity caused by infections
2. Subcostal plane – lowest point of costal margin, L-3
3. Intertubercular plane – level of tubercles of iliac crest @ SP. of L-5
4. Lateral planes – vertical planes on either side of MSP which bisect inguinal ligaments
5. Interspinous plane – through rt. and lt. ASIS, @ level of 2nd sacral seg,
6. Supracristal plane – highest point of iliac crest, L-4
ABDOMINAL CONTENT
1. STOMACH
-Organ of digestion- breaks down food- located just under diaphragm- divided into body and pylorus- lies in epigastric and lt. hypogastric region (LUQ)- size and shape vary from patient to patient- little to no liquid absorption, except…..
- stretches obliquely against posterior abdomen wall- more to lt. than rt. of MSP- level of L-1 – L-2- head of pancreas lies within loop of duodenum- epigastric and hypochondriac regions- 13 cm long (adults)- exocrine and endocrine gland- accommodates CBD
-RUQ- largest endocrine gland- triangular shaped, mostly on rt., some crosses over to the lt.- mostly in rt. Hypochondrium and epigastric regions- produces approx. 1 pt. of bile per day- holds approx. 1. pt. of blood- divided into (4) lobes- very complex organ
-LUQ- posterior and along long axis of 10th rib- highly vascular organ, between the stomach and diaphragm- lt. hypochondriac region- part of the lymphatic sys.- defense- 12 cm long, 7 cm wide and 3 cm thick- function has baffled physiologists for over 100 years- dark purple in color
- RUQ - fundas at level of transpyloric plane - pear shaped gland, stores bile - receives bile from the liver - adult holds 32 mL of bile - during digestion of fats the GB contracts - gallstones
- Begins at level of 8th intercostal space- approximately 1in. from MSP (rat) - approximately 3in. long- formed by the juncture of the cystic and hepatic ducts.
-shortest, widest and most fixed portion of the S.I.- connects to pyloric valve of stomach- 25 cm long- divided into superior, descending, horizontal and ascending portions
-(2)- level of S-2, iliac spines- interspinous plane
An ovary is an egg-producing reproductive organ found in female organisms. They are usually purple. It is often found in pairs as part of the vertebrate
The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ of most mammals, including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina; the other is connected on both sides to the fallopian tubes.
The testicle (from Latin testis, meaning "witness",[1] plural testes) is the male generative gland in animals
FunctionLike the ovaries (to which they are homologous), testicles are components of both the reproductive system (being gonads) and the endocrine system (being endocrine glands
16. ProstateThe prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system.The prostate differs considerably among species anatomically, chemically, and physiologically.
FunctionThe main function of the prostate is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline (pH 7.29) fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that, along with spermatozoa, constitutes semen. The rest of the seminal fluid is produced by the two seminal vesicles.
- slightly to the left of the MSP- transversely along supracristal plane
The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta (of the thorax).
- anterior to aorta- T-12-1 inch above transpyloric plane
The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk and also spelled as coeliac, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta and branches from the aorta around the level of the T12 vertebra in humans.
7. Renal artery from aorta ½ in. below transpyloric plane at L-2
ABDOMINAL CONTENTVESSELS
8. Common Iliac Artery starts @ L-4, bifurcation and runs into femoral point.1/3 down the brim of the iliac bone divided into internal &external iliacs
ABDOMINAL CONTENTVESSELS
9. IVC runs parallel to aorta more to the rt. of the MSP.
ABDOMINAL CONTENTVESSELS
10. Portal Vein - Formed by the junction of the Spleenic and superior mesenteric veins. @ L-2 it runs to the rt. Enters the liver @ the Porta Hepatis. Runs along the hepatic art. And the CBD.
The porta hepatis or transverse fissure of the liver is a short but deep fissure, about 5 cm long, extending transversely across the under surface of the left portion of the right lobe of the liver, nearer its posterior surface than its anterior border.
ABDOMINAL CONTENTVESSELS
10. Portal Vein
Transverse fissure of liver
Inferior surface of the liver.
ABDOMINAL CONTENTAbdomen Muscles
any of the muscles of the anterolateral walls of the abdominal cavity, composed of three flat muscular sheets, from without inward: external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis, supplemented in front on each side of the midline by rectus abdominis.