Abbreviazioni di Internet

Capitolo 542

Abbreviazioni di InternetSpesso, quando si usa la posta elettronica, o altri sistemi di comunicazione testuale, si vedonousare delle sigle, il cui significato a volte sfugge. Storicamente, l’uso di sigle speciali per fareriferimento a concetti ben definiti deriva dalla telegrafia, prima su filo, poi senza filo. Questo haprodotto il famoso codice «Q» standardizzato attraverso convenzioni internazionali.

La comunicazione odierna non ha più bisogno di abbreviare i messaggi e le abbreviazioni servonosolo a creare un gergo che esclude in qualche modo chi non lo conosce. Sotto questo aspetto,non è cortese l’uso di abbreviazioni. Tuttavia, c’è chi non può proprio farne a meno, per cuidiventa necessario avere un promemoria per queste cose. La tabella542.1riporta l’elenco delleabbreviazioni più comuni, assieme al loro significato originale (in inglese).

Tabella 542.1. Abbreviazioni di Internet.

Acronimo Significato Acronimo SignificatoAFAICT As Far As I Can Tell AFAIK As Far As I KnowAFK Away From Keyboard ASAP As Soon As PossibleB4 Before BBL Be Back LaterBRB Be Right Back BTW By The WayCUL See You Later EOF End Of FileFAQ Frequently Asked Question FOC Free Of ChargeGA Go Ahead HHOJ Ha Ha, Only JokingHHOS Ha Ha, Only Serious IMBO In My Bloody OpinionIME In My Experience IMHO In My Humble OpinionIMO In My Opinion IOW In Other WordsIRL In Real Life ISTM It Seems To MeITRW In The Real World JAM Just A MinuteL8R Later MUD Multi User DungeonMUG Multi User Game OAO Over And OverOBTW Oh, By The Way OIC Oh, I SeeOMG Oh My God OTOH On The Other HandROFL Rolls On Floor Laughing RSN Real Soon NowRTFAQ Read The FAQ RTFM Read The Fucking ManualRUOK Are You OK TIA Thanks In AdvanceTNX Thanks TTYL Talk To You LaterTVM Thanks Very Much WTH What The HellYHM You Have Mail

4985

Capitolo 543

ISO 639Tabella 543.1. Sigle che esprimono un linguaggio, secondo lo standard ISO 639.

aa Afar ab Abkhazian af Afrikaans am Amharicar Arabic as Assamese ay Aymara az Azerbaijaniba Bashkir be Byelorussian bg Bulgarian bh Biharibi Bislama bn Bengali; Bangla bo Tibetan br Bretonca Catalan co Corsican cs Czech cy Welshda Danish de German dz Bhutani el Greeken English eo Esperanto es Spanish et Estonianeu Basque fa Persian fi Finnish fj Fijifo Faroese fr French fy Frisian ga Irishgd Scots Gaelic gl Galician gn Guarani gu Gujaratiha Hausa he Hebrew (iw) hi Hindi hr Croatianhu Hungarian hy Armenian ia Interlingua id Indonesian (in)ie Interlingue ik Inupiak is Icelandic it Italianiu Inuktitut ja Japanese jw Javanese ka Georgiankk Kazakh kl Greenlandic km Cambodian kn Kannadako Korean ks Kashmiri ku Kurdish ky Kirghizla Latin ln Lingala lo Laothian lt Lithuanianlv Latvian, Lettish mg Malagasy mi Maori mk Macedonianml Malayalam mn Mongolian mo Moldavian mr Marathims Malay mt Maltese my Burmese na Naurune Nepali nl Dutch no Norwegian oc Occitanom (Afan) Oromo or Oriya pa Punjabi pl Polishps Pashto, Pushto pt Portuguese qu Quechua rm Rhaeto-Romancern Kirundi ro Romanian ru Russian rw Kinyarwandasa Sanskrit sd Sindhi sg Sangro sh Serbo-Croatiansi Sinhalese sk Slovak sl Slovenian sm Samoansn Shona so Somali sq Albanian sr Serbianss Siswati st Sesotho su Sundanese sv Swedishsw Swahili ta Tamil te Telugu tg Tajikth Thai ti Tigrinya tk Turkmen tl Tagalogtn Setswana to Tonga tr Turkish ts Tsongatt Tatar tw Twi ug Uighur uk Ukrainianur Urdu uz Uzbek vi Vietnamese vo Volapukwo Wolof xh Xhosa yi Yiddish (ji) yo Yorubaza Zhuang zh Chinese zu Zulu

4986

Capitolo 544

ISO 3166-1Maggiori dettagli sullo standard ISO 3166-1 sono accessibili pressoISO 3166 MaintenanceAgency (ISO 3166/MA)all’indirizzo <http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/>.

Tabella 544.1. Sigle che esprimono una nazione, secondo lo standard ISO 3166-1.

Territorio Sigla Territorio SiglaAFGHANISTAN AF ALBANIA ALALGERIA DZ AMERICAN SAMOA ASANDORRA AD ANGOLA AOANGUILLA AI ANTARCTICA AQANTIGUA AND BARBUDA AG ARGENTINA ARARMENIA AM ARUBA AWAUSTRALIA AU AUSTRIA ATAZERBAIJAN AZ BAHAMAS BSBAHRAIN BH BANGLADESH BDBARBADOS BB BELARUS BYBELGIUM BE BELIZE BZBENIN BJ BERMUDA BMBHUTAN BT BOLIVIA BOBOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BA BOTSWANA BWBOUVET ISLAND BV BRAZIL BRBRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY IO BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BNBULGARIA BG BURKINA FASO BFBURUNDI BI CAMBODIA KHCAMEROON CM CANADA CACAPE VERDE CV CAYMAN ISLANDS KYCENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CF CHAD TDCHILE CL CHINA CNCHRISTMAS ISLAND CX COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS CCCOLOMBIA CO COMOROS KM

CONGO CGCONGO, THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

OF THECD

COOK ISLANDS CK COSTA RICA CRCOTE D’IVOIRE CI CROATIA HRCUBA CU CYPRUS CYCZECH REPUBLIC CZ DENMARK DKDJIBOUTI DJ DOMINICA DMDOMINICAN REPUBLIC DO EAST TIMOR TPECUADOR EC EGYPT EGEL SALVADOR SV EQUATORIAL GUINEA GQERITREA ER ESTONIA EEETHIOPIA ET FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) FKFAROE ISLANDS FO FIJI FJFINLAND FI FRANCE FRFRENCH GUIANA GF FRENCH POLYNESIA PFFRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES TF GABON GAGAMBIA GM GEORGIA GEGERMANY DE GHANA GHGIBRALTAR GI GREECE GRGREENLAND GL GRENADA GDGUADELOUPE GP GUAM GUGUATEMALA GT GUINEA GNGUINEA-BISSAU GW GUYANA GY

HAITI HTHEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD

ISLANDSHM

HOLY SEE (VATICAN CITY STATE) VA HONDURAS HN

4987

4988 ISO 3166-1

Territorio Sigla Territorio SiglaHONG KONG HK HUNGARY HUICELAND IS INDIA ININDONESIA ID IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRIRAQ IQ IRELAND IEISRAEL IL ITALY ITJAMAICA JM JAPAN JPJORDAN JO KAZAKSTAN KZKENYA KE KIRIBATI KIKOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPU-

BLIC OFKP KOREA, REPUBLIC OF KR

KUWAIT KW KYRGYZSTAN KGLAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPU-

BLICLA LATVIA LV

LEBANON LB LESOTHO LSLIBERIA LR LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA LYLIECHTENSTEIN LI LITHUANIA LTLUXEMBOURG LU MACAU MOMACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV

REPUBLIC OFMK MADAGASCAR MG

MALAWI MW MALAYSIA MYMALDIVES MV MALI MLMALTA MT MARSHALL ISLANDS MHMARTINIQUE MQ MAURITANIA MRMAURITIUS MU MAYOTTE YTMEXICO MX MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF FMMOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF MD MONACO MCMONGOLIA MN MONTSERRAT MSMOROCCO MA MOZAMBIQUE MZMYANMAR MM NAMIBIA NANAURU NR NEPAL NPNETHERLANDS NL NETHERLANDS ANTILLES ANNEW CALEDONIA NC NEW ZEALAND NZNICARAGUA NI NIGER NENIGERIA NG NIUE NUNORFOLK ISLAND NF NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS MPNORWAY NO OMAN OMPAKISTAN PK PALAU PWPALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED PS PANAMA PAPAPUA NEW GUINEA PG PARAGUAY PYPERU PE PHILIPPINES PHPITCAIRN PN POLAND PLPORTUGAL PT PUERTO RICO PRQATAR QA REUNION REROMANIA RO RUSSIAN FEDERATION RURWANDA RW SAINT HELENA SHSAINT KITTS AND NEVIS KN SAINT LUCIA LC

SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON PMSAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADI-

NESVC

SAMOA WS SAN MARINO SMSAO TOME AND PRINCIPE ST SAUDI ARABIA SASENEGAL SN SEYCHELLES SCSIERRA LEONE SL SINGAPORE SGSLOVAKIA SK SLOVENIA SISOLOMON ISLANDS SB SOMALIA SO

SOUTH AFRICA ZASOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH

SANDWICH ISLANDSGS

SPAIN ES SRI LANKA LKSUDAN SD SURINAME SR

ISO 3166-1 4989

Territorio Sigla Territorio SiglaSVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN SJ SWAZILAND SZSWEDEN SE SWITZERLAND CHSYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC SY TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA TWTAJIKISTAN TJ TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF TZTHAILAND TH TOGO TGTOKELAU TK TONGA TOTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TT TUNISIA TNTURKEY TR TURKMENISTAN TMTURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS TC TUVALU TVUGANDA UG UKRAINE UAUNITED ARAB EMIRATES AE UNITED KINGDOM GB

UNITED STATES USUNITED STATES MINOR OUTLYING

ISLANDSUM

URUGUAY UY UZBEKISTAN UZVANUATU VU VENEZUELA VEVIET NAM VN VIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISH VGVIRGIN ISLANDS, U.S. VI WALLIS AND FUTUNA WFWESTERN SAHARA EH YEMEN YEYUGOSLAVIA YU ZAMBIA ZMZIMBABWE ZW

Capitolo 545

ISO 4217Maggiori dettagli sullo standard ISO 4217, anche se non ufficiali, sono accessibili pressol’indirizzo <http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso4217/iso4217- en.html>.

Tabella 545.1. Codifica delle monete (ISO 4217).

Entità MonetaCodicealfabetico

Codicenumerico

AFGHANISTAN Afghani AFA 004ALBANIA Lek ALL 008ALGERIA Algerian Dinar DZD 012AMERICAN SAMOA US Dollar USD 840ANDORRA Spanish Peseta ESP 724

French Franc FRF 250Andorran Peseta ADP 020

ANGOLA New Kwanza AON 024Kwanza Reajustado AOR 982

ANGUILLA Ea XCD 951ANTARCTICA No universal currencyANTIGUA AND BARBUDA East Carribean Dollar XCD 951ARGENTINA Argentine Peso ARS 032ARMENIA Armenian Dram AMD 051ARUBA Aruban Guilder AWG 533AUSTRALIA Australian Dollar AUD 036AUSTRIA Schilling ATS 040AZERBAIJAN Azerbaijanian Manat AZM 031BAHAMAS Bahamian Dollar BSD 044BAHRAIN Bahraini Dinar BHD 048BANGLADESH Taka BDT 050BARBADOS Barbados Dollar BBD 052BELARUS Belarussian Ruble BYR 974BELGIUM Belgian Franc BEF 056BELIZE Belize Dollar BZD 084BENIN CFA Franc BCEAO XOF 952BERMUDA Bermudian Dollar BMD 060BHUTAN Indian Rupee INR 356

Ngultrum BTN 064BOLIVIA Boliviano BOB 068

Mvdol BOV 984Convertible Marks BAM 977

BOTSWANA Pula BWP 072BOUVET ISLAND Norwegian Krone NOK 578BRAZIL Brazilian Real BRL 986BR US Dollar USD 840BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Brunei Dollar BND 096BULGARIA Lev BGL 100

Bulgarian LEV BGN 975BURKINA FASO CFA Franc BCEAO XOF 952BURUNDI Burundi Franc BIF 108CAMBODIA Riel KHR 116CAMEROON CFA Franc BEAC XAF 950CANADA Canadian Dollar CAD 124CAPE VERDE Cape Verde Escudo CVE 132CAYMAN ISLANDS Cayman Islands Dollar KYD 136CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CFA Franc BEAC XAF 950CHAD CFA Franc BEAC XAF 950CHILE Chilean Peso CLP 152

4990

ISO 4217 4991

Entità MonetaCodicealfabetico

Codicenumerico

Unidades de fomento CLF 990CHINA Yuan Renminbi CNY 156CHRISTMAS ISLAND Australian Dollar AUD 036COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS Australian Dollar AUD 036COLOMBIA Colombian Peso COP 170COMOROS Comoro Franc KMF 174CONGO CFA Franc BEAC XAF 950CONGO, THE DEMOCRATIC RE-PUBLIC OF

Franc Congolais CDF 976

COOK ISLANDS New Zealand Dollar NZD 554COSTA RICA Costa Rican Colon CRC 188COTE D’IVOIRE CFA Franc BCEAO XOF 952CROATIA Kuna HRK 191CUBA Cuban Peso CUP 192CYPRUS Cyprus Pound CYP 196CZECH REPUBLIC Czech Koruna CZK 203DENMARK Danish Krone DKK 208DJIBOUTI Djibouti Franc DJF 262DOMINICA East Caribbean Dollar XCD 951DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Dominican Peso DOP 214EAST TIMOR Timor Escudo TPE 626

Rupiah IDR 360ECUADOR Sucre ECS 218

Unidad de Valor Constante (UVC) ECV 983EGYPT Egyptian Pound EGP 818EL SALVADOR El Salvador Colon SVC 222EQUATORIAL GUINEA CFA Franc BEAC XAF 950ESTONIA Kroon EEK 233ERITREA Nakfa ERN 232ETHIOPIA Ethiopian Birr ETB 230FAEROE ISLANDS Danish Krone DKK 208FALKLAND ISLANDS Falkland Islands(MALVINAS) Pound FKP 238FIJI Fiji Dollar FJD 242FINLAND Markka FIM 246FRANCE French Franc FRF 250FRENCH GUIANA French Franc FRF 250FRENCH POLYNESIA CFP Franc XPF 953FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITO-RIES

French Franc FRF 250

GABON CFA Franc BEAC XAF 950GAMBIA Dalasi GMD 270GEORGIA Lari GEL 981GERMANY Deutsche Mark DEM 280GHANA Cedi GHC 288GIBRALTAR Gibraltar Pound GIP 292GREECE Drachma GRD 300GREENLAND Danish Krone DKK 208GRENADA East Caribbean Dollar XCD 951GUADELOUPE French Franc FRF 250GUAM US Dollar USD 840GUATEMALA Quetzal GTQ 320GUINEA Guinea Franc GNF 324GUINEA-BISSAU Guinea-Bissau Peso GWP 624

CFA Franc BCEAO XOF 952GUYANA Guyana Dollar GYD 328

4992 ISO 4217

Entità MonetaCodicealfabetico

Codicenumerico

HAITI Gourde HTG 332US Dollar USD 840

HEARD AND MCDONALDISLANDS

Australian Dollar AUD 036

HONDURAS Lempira HNL 340HONG KONG Hong Kong Dollar HKD 344HUNGARY Forint HUF 348ICELAND Iceland Krona ISK 352INDIA Indian Rupee INR 356INDONESIA Rupiah IDR 360INTERNATIONAL MONETARYFUND (IMF) SDR XDR 960

IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) Iranian Rial IRR 364IRAQ Iraqi Dinar IQD 368IRELAND Irish Pound IEP 372ISRAEL New Israeli Sheqel ILS 376ITALY Italian Lira ITL 380JAMAICA Jamaican Dollar JMD 388JAPAN Yen JPY 392JORDAN Jordanian Dinar JOD 400KAZAKHSTAN Tenge KZT 398KENYA Kenyan Shilling KES 404KIRIBATI Australian Dollar AUD 036KOREA, DEMOCRATICPEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF

North Korean Won KPW 408

KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Won KRW 410KUWAIT Kuwaiti Dinar KWD 414KYRGYZSTAN Som KGS 417LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATICREPUBLIC

Kip LAK 418

LATVIA Latvian Lats LVL 428LEBANON Lebanese Pound LBP 422LESOTHO Rand ZAR 710

(financial Rand) ZAL 991Loti LSL 426

LIBERIA Liberian Dollar LRD 430LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA Libyan Dinar LYD 434LIECHTENSTEIN Swiss Franc CHF 756LITHUANIA Lithuanian Litas LTL 440LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg Franc LUF 442MACAU Pataca MOP 446MACEDONIA Denar MKD 807MADAGASCAR Malagasy Franc MGF 450MALAWI Kwacha MWK 454MALAYSIA Malaysian Ringgit MYR 458MALDIVES Rufiyaa MVR 462MALI CFA Franc BCEAO XOF 952MALTA Maltese Lira MTL 470MARSHALL ISLANDS US Dollar USD 840MARTINIQUE French Franc FRF 250MAURITANIA Ouguiya MRO 478MAURITIUS Mauritius Rupee MUR 480MEXICO Mexican Peso MXN 484

Mexican Unidad de Inversion (UDI) MXV 979MICRONESIA US Dollar USD 840MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF Moldovan Leu MDL 498MONACO French Franc FRF 250

ISO 4217 4993

Entità MonetaCodicealfabetico

Codicenumerico

MONGOLIA Tugrik MNT 496MONTSERRAT East Caribbean Dollar XCD 951MOROCCO Moroccan Dirham MAD 504MOZAMBIQUE Metical MZM 508MYANMAR Kyat MMK 104NAMIBIA Rand ZAR 710

Namibia Dollar NAD 516NAURU Australian Dollar AUD 036NEPAL Nepalese Rupee NPR 524NETHERLANDS Netherlands Guilder NLG 528NETHERLANDS Netherlands ANG 532ANTILLES Antillian GuilderNEW CALEDONIA CFP Franc XPF 953NEW ZEALAND New Zealand Dollar NZD 554NICARAGUA Cordoba Oro NIO 558NIGER CFA Franc BCEAO XOF 952NIGERIA Naira NGN 566NIUE New Zealand Dollar NZD 554NORFOLK ISLAND Australian Dollar AUD 036NORTHERN MARIANAISLANDS

US Dollar USD 840

NORWAY Norwegian Krone NOK 578OMAN Rial Omani OMR 512PAKISTAN Pakistan Rupee PKR 586PALAU US Dollar USD 840PANAMA Balboa PAB 590

US Dollar USD 840PAPUA NEW GUINEA Kina PGK 598PARAGUAY Guarani PYG 600PERU Nuevo Sol PEN 604PHILIPPINES Philippine Peso PHP 608PITCAIRN New Zealand Dollar NZD 554POLAND Zloty PLN 985PORTUGAL Portuguese Escudo PTE 620PUERTO RICO US Dollar USD 840QATAR Qatari Rial QAR 634REUNION French Franc FRF 250ROMANIA Leu ROL 642RUSSIAN FEDERATION Russian Ruble RUR 810

Russian Ruble RUB 643RWANDA Rwanda Franc RWF 646ST HELENA St Helena Pound SHP 654ST KITTS - NEVIS East Caribbean Dollar XCD 951SAINT LUCIA East Caribbean Dollar XCD 951ST PIERRE AND MIQUELON French Franc FRF 250SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRE-NADINES

East Caribbean Dollar XCD 951

SAMOA Tala WST 882SAN MARINO Italian Lira ITL 380SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Dobra STD 678SAUDI ARABIA Saudi Riyal SARSENEGAL CFA Franc BCEAO XOF 952SEYCHELLES Seychelles Rupee SCR 690SIERRA LEONE Leone SLL 694SINGAPORE Singapore Dollar SGD 702SLOVAKIA Slovak Koruna SKK 703

4994 ISO 4217

Entità MonetaCodicealfabetico

Codicenumerico

SLOVENIA Tolar SIT 705SOLOMON ISLANDS Solomon Islands Dollar SBD 090SOMALIA Somali Shilling SOS 706SOUTH AFRICA Rand ZAR 710SPAIN Spanish Peseta ESP 724SRI LANKA Sri Lanka Rupee LKR 144SUDAN Sudanese Dinar SDD 736SURINAME Surinam Guilder SRG 740SVALBARD AND JAN MAYENISLANDS

Norwegian Krone NOK 578

SWAZILAND Lilangeni SZL 748SWEDEN Swedish Krona SEK 752SWITZERLAND Swiss Franc CHF 756SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Syrian Pound SYP 760TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA New Taiwan Dollar TWD 901TAJIKISTAN Tajik Ruble TJR 762TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLICOF

Tanzanian Shilling TZS 834

THAILAND Baht THB 764TOGO CFA Franc BCEAO XOF 952TOKELAU New Zealand Dollar NZD 554TONGA Pa’anga TOP 776TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Trinidad and Tobago Dollar TTD 780TUNISIA Tunisian Dinar TND 788TURKEY Turkish Lira TRL 792TURKMENISTAN Manat TMM 795TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS US Dollar USD 840TUVALU Australian Dollar AUD 036UGANDA Uganda Shilling UGX 800UKRAINE Hryvnia UAH 980UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UAE Dirham AED 784UNITED KINGDOM Pound Sterling GBP 826UNITED STATES US Dollar USD 840

(Same day) USS 998(Next day) USN 997

URUGUAY Peso Uruguayo UYU 858UZBEKISTAN Uzbekistan Sum UZS 860VANUATU Vatu VUV 548VATICAN CITY STATE(HOLYSEE) Italian Lira ITL 380

VENEZUELA Bolivar VEB 862VIETNAM Dong VND 704VIRGIN ISLANDS (BRITISH) US Dollar USD 840VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.) US Dollar USD 840WALLIS AND FUTUNA ISLANDS CFP Franc XPF 953WESTERN SAHARA Moroccan Dirham MAD 504YEMEN Yemeni Rial YER 886YUGOSLAVIA New Dinar YUM 891ZAIRE New Zaire ZRN 180ZAMBIA Kwacha ZMK 894ZIMBABWE Zimbabwe Dollar ZWD 716

Gold XAU 959European Composite Unit (EURCO) XBA 955European Monetary Unit (E.M.U.-6) XBB 956European Unit of Account 9(E.U.A.- 9) XBC 957

ISO 4217 4995

Entità MonetaCodicealfabetico

Codicenumerico

European Unit of Account 17(E.U.A.- 17) XBD 958

Palladium XPD 964Platinum XPT 962Silver XAG 961UIC-Franc XFU NilGold-Franc XFO NilTesting purpose XTS 963When no currency is involved XXX 999Euro EUR 978

Indice analitico del volumeAptitude, 4930, 4931cablaggio, 4975Capt, 4929Console APT, 4929copyleft, 4833copyright, 4832Cups, 4938, 4939, 4940, 4941Deity, 4929divisa, 4990DSelect, 4928ISO 3166, 4987ISO 4217, 4990ISO 639, 4986licenza del software, 4832moneta, 4990Mtools, 4935software libero, 4833software proprietario, 4833software semi-libero, 4833valuta, 4990VI , 4932, 4933, 4934

4996

Appendici

4997

Appendix AGNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

non modificabile

Testo originale:<http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html>

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE - Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copiesof this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it.By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to shareand change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General PublicLicense applies to most of the Free Software Foundation’s software and to any other programwhose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered bythe GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General PublicLicenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software(and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you wantit, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you knowyou can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rightsor to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for youif you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you mustgive the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or canget the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this licensewhich gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author’s protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understandsthat there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else andpassed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that anyproblems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors’ reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid thedanger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effectmaking the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must belicensed for everyone’s free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE - TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by thecopyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The"Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means

4998

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 4999

either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containingthe Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into anotherlanguage. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".)Each licensee is addressed as "you".

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; theyare outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from theProgram is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent ofhaving been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Programdoes.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you receiveit, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy anappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer tothis License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program acopy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offerwarranty protection in exchange for a fee.

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a workbased on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms ofSection 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that youchanged the files and the date of any change.

b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in partcontains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a wholeat no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.

c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, youmust cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way,to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and anotice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and thatusers may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how toview a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but doesnot normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is notrequired to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that workare not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separateworks in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when youdistribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a wholewhich is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of thisLicense, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each andevery part regardless of who wrote it.

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work writtenentirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivativeor collective works based on the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (orwith a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does notbring the other work under the scope of this License.

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object

5000 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do oneof the following:

a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code,which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a mediumcustomarily used for software interchange; or,

b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any thirdparty, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distri-bution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to bedistributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily usedfor software interchange; or,

c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corre-sponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribu-tion and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with suchan offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modificationsto it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules itcontains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilationand installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributedneed not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with themajor components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executableruns, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designatedplace, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts asdistribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the sourcealong with the object code.

4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly providedunder this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Programis void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties whohave received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminatedso long as such parties remain in full compliance.

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing elsegrants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actionsare prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributingthe Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this Licenseto do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program orworks based on it.

6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient au-tomatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Programsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recip-ients’ exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance bythird parties to this License.

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any otherreason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse youfrom the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously yourobligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 5001

may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly throughyou, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirelyfrom distribution of the Program.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance,the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply inother circumstances.

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property rightclaims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protectingthe integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public licensepractices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software dis-tributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to theauthor/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system anda licensee cannot impose that choice.

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the restof this License.

8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patentsor by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under thisLicense may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, sothat distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, thisLicense incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General PublicLicense from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, butmay differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version numberof this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following theterms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free SoftwareFoundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may chooseany version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distributionconditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copy-righted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimesmake exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the freestatus of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of softwaregenerally.

NO WARRANTY

11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WAR-RANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERSAND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTYOF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITEDTO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PAR-TICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCEOF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOUASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO INWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MOD-

5002 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

IFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TOYOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CON-SEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRO-GRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING REN-DERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR AFAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVENIF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OFSUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, thebest way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and changeunder these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start ofeach source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should haveat least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

<one line to give the program’s name and a brief idea of what it does.>Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modifyit under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published bythe Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty ofMERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See theGNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public Licensealong with this program; if not, write to the Free SoftwareFoundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactivemode:

Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of authorGnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’.This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute itunder certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for details.

The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the appropriate parts of theGeneral Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than‘show w’ and ‘show c’; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits yourprogram.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to signa "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:

Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program‘Gnomovision’ (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989Ty Coon, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary pro-grams. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 5003

proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU LibraryGeneral Public License instead of this License.

Appendice B

Annotazioni su alcune sezioni particolari dell’o-peraSi annotano qui alcune informazioni sull’origine o lo stato di alcune sezioni dell’opera.

introduzione i1, Prefazione, pag.IX Scritto da Anna Rambelli come prefazione di questaopera, ma appare anche nel librettoAbbi cura di tedella stessa autrice:<http://a2.swlibero.org/~daniele/anima/nfr/>

Non può essere modificato.

parte xxxix, Samba, pag.2243 Contiene il corpo principale dell’operaSambadi FulvioFerronifuferro @ tin.it :<http://linuxdidattica.org/docs/samba.html>

Fulvio Ferroni ha concesso l’inclusione di tale documento alle stesse condizioni dell’operacomplessiva.

parte xl, Programmare in PHP, pag.2271 Contiene il corpo principale dell’operaProgram-mare in PHPdi Gianluca Giusti brdp @ urcanet.it :<http://www.urcanet.it/brdp/php_manual/>

capitolo 378,L’ipotesi del futuro, nel bene e nel male, pag.4321 Scritto da Anna Rambelli.Non può essere modificato.

volume X, LDR: Linux domande e risposte, pag.4409 Contiene il corpo principale dell’operaLDR: Linux domande e rispostedi Gaetano Paolonebigpaul @ linuxfaq.it :<http://www.linuxfaq.it>

5004

Indice analitico. , 637./ , 4564./.efax.rc , 1443./.htaccess , 1726./.textchk.rules , 2924./.textchk.special , 2924./configure , 234./Makefile , 234/ , 744/bin/ , 745/boot/ , 745/boot/initrd-*.img , 4468/boot/System.map , 4470, 4470, 4470/dev/ , 745/dev/boot255 , 3953/dev/cdrom , 3858/dev/console , 1166/dev/cua* , 4664/dev/dsp , 3858, 4664/dev/gpmdata , 470/dev/hd* , 358, 4444/dev/lp* , 4595, 4665/dev/MAKEDEV , 818/dev/mouse , 470/dev/null , 111, 4664/dev/scd* , 350/dev/sd* , 350/dev/sg* , 350, 3858/dev/sr* , 350/dev/st* , 350/dev/ttyS* , 4664, 4664/dev/vcsa* , 4289/dev/vcs* , 475, 4289/etc/ , 746/etc/adduser.conf , 550/etc/adjtime , 435, 439/etc/ae.rc , 885/etc/aliases , 1603, 1650, 1659, 1660/etc/anacrontab , 420/etc/apache/access.conf , 1720/etc/apache/httpd.conf , 1711, 1938/etc/apache/srm.conf , 1715/etc/apache-ssl/apache.pem , 2175/etc/apache-ssl/ , 2175/etc/apt/apt.conf , 276/etc/apt/sources.list , 261, 276/etc/at.allow , 421/etc/at.deny , 421/etc/auto.master , 722/etc/bind/named.ca , 1326

i

/etc/bind/named.conf , 1324, 1335, 1419/etc/bind/named.root , 1326/etc/boa/boa.conf , 1733/etc/brltty.conf , 4291/etc/brltty/ , 4291/etc/conf.getty , 485/etc/conf.modules , 327/etc/conf.uugetty , 1429/etc/cron.d/* , 419/etc/crontab , 418, 4508/etc/cups/client.conf , 1011/etc/cups/cupsd.conf , 1009, 1015/etc/cups/passwd.md5 , 1017/etc/default/getty , 485/etc/default/nis , 1505/etc/default/useradd , 546/etc/default/uugetty , 1429/etc/dhcp.conf , 1512/etc/dhcp.leases , 1512/etc/dhcpc/hostinfo-* , 1515/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf , 1515/etc/DIR_COLORS , 764/etc/dosemu.conf , 3878/etc/dosemu.users , 3877/etc/efax.rc , 1443/etc/ethers , 1266/etc/exports , 1484, 3960/etc/fstab , 703, 4444, 4450/etc/ftpaccess , 1583/etc/ftpchroot , 1577/etc/ftpconversions , 1580/etc/ftphosts , 1590/etc/ftpusers , 1564, 1577, 1580/etc/ftpwelcome , 1577/etc/gettydefs , 489/etc/gpm.conf , 3997/etc/group , 517/etc/gshadow , 548/etc/host.conf , 1309/etc/HOSTNAME , 444/etc/hostname , 3999/etc/hosts , 1310/etc/hosts.allow , 1472, 1482, 1496, 2046/etc/hosts.deny , 1472, 1482, 1496, 2046/etc/hosts.equiv , 934, 1518, 2192/etc/hosts.lpd , 934/etc/htdig/htdig.conf , 1853/etc/html2psrc , 2873/etc/httpd/conf/access.conf , 1720/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf , 1711, 1938/etc/httpd/conf/srm.conf , 1715/etc/inetd.conf , 1468, 1471

ii

/etc/init.d/ , 391/etc/init.d/keymaps.sh , 3996/etc/init.d/nis , 1505/etc/init.d/setserial , 1359/etc/initscript , 390/etc/inittab , 387/etc/ircd/ircd.conf , 1546, 1547/etc/ircd/ircd.motd , 1547/etc/isapnp.conf , 375/etc/issue , 488/etc/issue.net , 1532/etc/kbd/default.kmap.gz , 3996/etc/kde2/kdm/ , 1095/etc/ld.so.cache , 236/etc/ld.so.conf , 236/etc/lilo.conf , 216, 222/etc/locale.alias , 447/etc/locale.gen , 447/etc/localtime , 435/etc/login.access , 2039/etc/login.defs , 538/etc/lpd.conf , 935/etc/lpd.perms , 935/etc/lynx.cfg , 1698/etc/magicfilter/ , 948, 3998/etc/mail.rc , 1610/etc/mail/deny , 1658/etc/mail/deny.db , 1658/etc/mail/ip_allow , 1657/etc/mail/LocalIP , 1657/etc/mail/LocalNames , 1657/etc/mail/name_allow , 1657/etc/mail/RelayTo , 1657/etc/mail/relay_allow , 1657/etc/mailman/mm_cfg.py, 1686/etc/mailname , 3999/etc/man.config , 117, 570/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config , 496, 1441/etc/mgetty+sendfax/mgetty.config , 494, 1440/etc/minicom.users , 1371/etc/minirc.dfl , 1371/etc/mirror.defaults , 1869/etc/motd , 518, 1577/etc/mtab , 705/etc/mtools.conf , 910/etc/nail.rc , 1611/etc/named.conf , 1324, 1335, 1419/etc/networks , 1311/etc/news/distrib.paths , 1817/etc/news/expire.ctl , 1819/etc/news/inn.conf , 1816/etc/news/newsfeeds , 1818, 1827, 1829, 1830

iii

/etc/news/nnrp.access , 1820/etc/nologin , 519, 1577/etc/nologin.ttyS* , 492, 494/etc/nsswitch.conf , 1505, 1506/etc/ntp.conf , 1539/etc/pam.conf , 554/etc/pam.d/ , 554/etc/papersize , 3999/etc/passwd , 516, 537/etc/pine.conf, 1615/etc/pine.conf.fixed, 1615/etc/porttime , 2040/etc/postgresql/pg_hba.conf , 3677/etc/postgresql/postmaster.init , 3677/etc/ppp/chap-secrets , 1379, 1388, 1424/etc/ppp/ipv6-down , 1381/etc/ppp/ipv6-up , 1381/etc/ppp/ip-down.d/ , 1396/etc/ppp/ip-down , 1306, 1381, 1391/etc/ppp/ip-up.d/ , 1396/etc/ppp/ip-up , 1306, 1381, 1391/etc/ppp/options , 1379/etc/ppp/options.ttyS* , 1379/etc/ppp/pap-secrets , 1379, 1388, 1424/etc/ppp/peers/wvdial , 1424/etc/ppp/resolv.conf , 1391/etc/printcap , 926, 3998, 4595/etc/profile , 4474/etc/protocols , 1245, 1298/etc/queso.conf , 2069/etc/radvd.conf , 1302/etc/rc.d/ , 4476/etc/rc.d/init.d/ , 391/etc/rc.d/rc.local , 391/etc/rc.d/rc?.d/ , 392/etc/rc.d/rc* , 391/etc/rc?.d/ , 392/etc/resolv.conf , 1312, 1419/etc/rinetd.conf , 1992/etc/rpc , 1480/etc/rsyncd.conf , 1901/etc/rsyncd.secrets , 1904/etc/securetty , 519/etc/security/ , 557/etc/sendmail.cf , 1603/etc/services , 1245/etc/shadow , 518, 536/etc/shells , 526/etc/skel/ , 526/etc/smb.conf , 4369/etc/squid.conf , 1944/etc/ssh//etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub , 2188

iv

/etc/ssh//etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key , 2188/etc/ssh//etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub , 2188/etc/ssh//etc/ssh/ssh_host_key , 2188/etc/ssh//etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub , 2188/etc/ssh//etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key , 2188/etc/ssh/shosts.equiv , 2192/etc/ssh/sshd_config , 2195/etc/ssh/ssh_config , 2199/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts , 2190/etc/ssl/certs/apache.pem , 2175/etc/ssl/certs/telnetd.pem , 2177/etc/ssmtp/revaliases , 1674/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf , 1674/etc/suid.conf , 4000/etc/syslog.conf , 509/etc/telnetrc , 1532/etc/termcap , 464/etc/texmf/texmf.cnf , 2939/etc/texmf/texmf.d/95NonPath , 2939/etc/textchk.rules , 2924/etc/TextConfig , 468/etc/usertty , 2037/etc/vnc.conf , 1108/etc/webalizer.conf , 1860/etc/wgetrc , 1875/etc/wvdial.conf , 1423, 1425/etc/X11/fvwm/system.fvwmrc , 1088/etc/X11/gdm/ , 1094/etc/X11/kdm/ , 1095/etc/X11/twm/system.twmrc , 1084/etc/X11/wdm/ , 1095/etc/X11/X , 1054/etc/X11/xdm/ , 1094/etc/X11/XF86Config , 1028, 1040, 1068, 1071/etc/X11/XF86Config-v4 , 1028/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc , 1054/etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc , 1054/etc/X11/Xloadimage , 1142/etc/X11/Xsession , 1093, 1096/etc/xcdroast/xcdroast.conf , 3858/etc/xinetd.conf , 1475/etc/yp.conf , 1505, 1506/etc/ypserv.conf , 1496, 1499/etc/ypserv.securenets , 1496, 1500/home/ , 746/lib/ , 746/lib/modules/ , 4472/lib/security/ , 554/mnt/ , 746/opt/ , 747/proc/ , 380, 429, 747/proc/dma , 373

v

/proc/interrupts , 373/proc/ioports , 373/proc/net/if_inet6 , 1298/proc/pci , 374/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register , 661/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status , 661/robots.txt , 2901/root/ , 747/sbin/ , 745/tftpboot/ , 1536, 3955/tmp/ , 747, 4480/usr/ , 748/usr/bin/ , 748/usr/bin/X11/X , 1055/usr/games/ , 748/usr/include/ , 749/usr/include/asm , 298/usr/include/linux , 298/usr/include/scsi , 298/usr/lib/ , 749/usr/lib/p2c/p2crc , 3248/usr/lib/yp/makedbm , 1496/usr/lib/yp/ypinit , 1501/usr/local/ , 749/usr/sbin/ , 748/usr/share/ , 750/usr/share/consolefonts/ , 468/usr/share/man/ , 750/usr/share/misc/ , 750/usr/share/terminfo/ , 464/usr/src/ , 751/usr/src/linux/Documentation/Configure.help , 313/usr/src/linux/include/asm-386 , 298/usr/src/linux/include/linux , 298/usr/src/linux/include/scsi , 298/usr/X11R6/ , 748/usr/X11R6/bin/X , 1054, 1055/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/ , 1063/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fvwm/system.fvwmrc , 1088/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/twm/system.twmrc , 1084/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xinit/xinitrc , 1054/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xinit/xserverrc , 1054/var/ , 751/var/account/pacct , 561/var/cache/ , 751/var/cache/bind/ , 1324/var/lib/news/active , 1821/var/lib/news/history , 1822/var/lib/nfs/rmtab , 1484/var/lock/ , 751/var/log/ , 752/var/log/getty.log , 484

vi

/var/log/lastlog , 520/var/log/log_mg.ttyS* , 492, 494/var/log/pacct , 561/var/log/wtmp , 518, 558, 4507/var/log/xferlog , 1593/var/mail/ , 752, 1661/var/mail/* , 519/var/opt/ , 752/var/run/ , 752/var/run/utmp , 518/var/spool/ , 752/var/spool/cron/crontabs/ , 4508/var/spool/cron/crontabs/* , 416/var/spool/mail/ , 752/var/spool/mail/* , 519/var/spool/mqueue/ , 1604/var/spool/rwho/ , 1523/var/tmp/ , 753/var/yp/Makefile , 150110/100/1000base*, 123610/100base*, 123610base2, 123910base5, 123810baseT, 123910base*, 1236386BSD, 156to4, 12958hz-mp3, 4383: , 637A2ps, 950ABC-nslookup, 2211ABI , 4566AbiWord, 1173, 4599ac , 560Accellerated graphics port, 365accesso, 46accesso al sistema, 508accesso grafico: Debian, 4578accesso remoto, 1518, 2027accesso sequenziale, 2324accesso: da linea commutata, 4547accesso: da un terminale remoto come amministratore, 4525accesso: solo da terminale remoto, 4524account, 36, 39, 60, 69, 508, 523account: eliminazione, 4482accounting, 558accounting: IP, 1982, 2003accton , 561Acer TM 312D, 4632Acua, 4386acua addRec , 4396acua addUser , 4396

vii

acua delRec , 4402acua delUser , 4396acua expire , 4404acua forEach , 4403acua modRec , 4398acua purge , 4404acua renew , 4405acua subscribe , 4401acua sync , 4404acua unsubscribe , 4402acua viewRec , 4402acua_adduser , 4393, 4396acua_deluser , 4394, 4396acua_login , 4404acua_updated , 4403Adaptec 1505, 4661Adaptec 2904, 4661addgroup , 550Address Resolution Protocol, 1224adduser , 47, 524, 550AE, 885Afterstep, 1092Agetty, 497agetty , 498AGP, 365AIDE, 2064aide.conf , 2064alias , 637, 4481alias IP, 1255Alien, 293, 4567Alml , 2930, 2946, 2981, 2986, 2992ALS 110, 4650ALSA, 4611, 4612altoparlante, 4613Amaya, 2884ambiente, 669Anacron, 419animate , 1154Antiword, 4599antiword , 3874anycast, 1287, 1294Apache, 1709, 1938, 4531Apache: parola d’ordine per accedere alle pagine, 4531Apache-SSL, 2175apice inverso, 4502APM, 4482, 4482APM: disabilitazione all’avvio, 4436append, 2330applicazione bloccata, 4513applicazione: avvio da terminale remoto, 4528apropos , 118APT, 261

viii

Aptitude, 282, 4930, 4931apt-get , 260, 261, 4574archiviazione, 790, 4576archivio Debian, 253, 266, 276archivio Red Hat, 4574archivio Red Hat, 248archivio Slackware, 245archivio suddiviso su più dischetti, 4569archivio tar, 4568archivio: suddiviso su più dischetti, 4570ARP, 1224, 1265arp , 1265array , 2285, 2289array() , 2289arresto del sistema, 4436Artistic, 13Artistic License, 4708ASCII, 2405ASP, 2717ASP: conversione in PHP3, 4531at , 422At, 4508ATA, 306, 316, 353ATA/ATAPI , 353ATA: block mode, 355ATA: DMA , 355ATA: LBA , 354ATA: PIO, 355ATA: UDMA , 355ATA: Ultra DMA , 355ATAPI, 353atd , 421atime, 773atq , 424atrm , 424atrun , 421attributo esteso, 4490, 4495audio stream, 3837Aumix, 3813, 4612auto mount, 718autofs , 722automatizzazione connessione, 4540automatizzazione disconnessione, 4540automatizzazione operazioni, 4540automatizzazione procedura Telnet, 4525automazione-ufficio, 1169automount , 721autorità di certificazione, 2150Avance Logic, 4650avvio, 36, 198, 4433avvio del sistema, 4436avvio: boot prompt, 220

ix

avvio: GRUB, 205avvio: kernel in un dischetto, 198avvio: LILO, 215avvio: Loadlin, 199avvio: parametri di, 203, 314avvio: procedura di inizializzazione, 386avvio: settore di, 216avvisatore acustico, 4613AWK, 3592, 3611background, 407backup, 3904badblocks , 689Balsa, 1616, 1618Barcode, 3979basename , 759Bash, 598Bash: alias, 618Bash: array, 634Bash: comandi, 615Bash: comandi interni, 636Bash: espansione e sostituzione, 609Bash: espressioni aritmetiche, 631Bash: funzioni, 630Bash: job, 623Bash: lista di comandi, 616Bash: parametri, 606Bash: parametri e variabili, 604Bash: programmazione, 626Bash: ridirezione, 619Bash: variabili, 607basi di dati, 3631Basic, 3544, 3551batch , 424baud, 1375BC, 3522bg , 409, 637bind , 638BladeEnc, 4613blank, 824block mode, 355BMV, 966Boa, 1733Bobcat, 2212boolean , 2285, 2287boot, 36, 198BootLogo, 4442bot, 1546bps, 1375braille, 4284BRE, 3572break , 638, 2302, 2308bridge, 1220

x

broadcast, 1225BSD, 13, 15, 4710Bubblesort, 3159, 3235, 3291, 3382, 3450, 3512, 3537buildhash , 2918builtin , 638bunzip2 , 797byte, 841bzip2 , 797C, 3169C++, 4630C: calloc() , 3209C: do-while , 3183C: EOF, 3212C: exit() , 3190C: fclose() , 3214C: fgets() , 3218C: FILE , 3212C: fopen() , 3213C: for , 3183C: fputs() , 3219C: fread() , 3216C: free() , 3210C: fseek() , 3217C: ftell() , 3218C: fwrite() , 3216C: if , 3180C: malloc() , 3209C: printf() , 3188C: scanf() , 3189C: switch , 3181C: typedef , 3207C: while , 3182C: __DATE__, 3224C: __FILE__ , 3223C: __LINE__ , 3223C: __STDC__, 3224C: __TIME__ , 3224cablaggio, 4975cache del disco, 684, 706CAD, 3786Caitoo, 4561cal , 441calendario, 4478, 4478, 4479, 4479campo, 838cancellazione, 82, 83, 784cancellazione: directory, 4495cancellazione: file, 4489Capt, 278, 4929carattere, 1124carattere jolly, 47, 61, 88, 596carattere speciale: parentesi graffe, 4516carattere speciale: tilde, 4516

xi

cartella di messaggi, 1620case , 628, 2302case insensitive, 65case sensitive, 35, 65casella postale, 1620cat , 57, 78, 825, 4491catdoc , 3873Catdvi, 993cattura: fotogramma video, 4634cattura: immagine, 4580cavallo di Troia, 2034cd , 53, 639CD audio, 3846, 4613CD audio: conversione in MP3, 4619CD multisessione, 4605CD: finalization, 724CD: fixation, 724CD: indice, 724CD: sessione, 724CD: TOC, 724CD: traccia, 724Cdcd, 3803CDDA, 3807Cdda2wav, 4607, 4613CDDB, 3806Cdparanoia, 3809, 4613Cdrdao, 733, 3847Cdrecord, 731, 3854CD-R, 730CD-ROM, 333, 724CD-ROM esterno parallelo, 4640CD-RW, 730Center Europe summer time, 433Center Europe time, 433certificato, 2150CEST, 433CET, 433cfd.conf , 2126cfdisk , 145, 690Cfengine, 2104, 2114, 2125CGI, 1738, 1762, 3714, 4620CGI: accesso a una base di dati, 1782, 1789, 3714chage , 547CHAP, 1379Chat, 1409, 4560chattr , 772, 4495Checkbot, 2841checkpc , 935chfn , 527chgrp , 768chiave privata, 2131chiave pubblica, 2131

xii

chkconfig , 4019chmod, 95, 771chown , 767chroot , 2053, 2054chrootuid , 2054chsh , 526ciclo, 2303, 2305, 2305, 2306cifratura, 2131cilindro, 681cksum , 845Clarified Artistic License, 13class , 2293clear , 466client, 62cliente, 62clipboard, 1123clock , 437cloner, 1546COBOL, 4631Code 128, 3972Code 3 of 9, 3971Code 39, 3971Code 39 esteso, 3972code point, 2394code unit, 2396codice a barre, 3964, 3979codice di interruzione di riga, 823codifica, 2394, 2405col , 831colcrt , 831collegamento, 43, 86, 775, 4489collegamento fisico, 776collegamento simbolico, 775, 4496colrm , 830column , 830comm, 838command, 639commutatore di pacchetto, 1240compressione, 795, 4576computer, 23, 26configurazione: Debian, 3990configurazione: Red Hat, 4014conio.h , 4630connessione a Internet, 4535connessione a Internet: esempio reale, 4542connessione a Internet: problemi, 4540connessione a Internet: quando il collegamento è completato, 4535connessione a Internet: salvare gli script, 4544connessione a Internet: script, 4541connessione a Internet: strumenti, 4535console, 450, 502, 4498, 4501console virtuale, 69, 451

xiii

console: cambio modalità grafica, 4503console: passare a X, 4585, 4585consolechars , 468Console APT, 278, 4929contabilità del traffico IP, 1982, 2003contabilità di sistema, 558contenuto delle directory, 761continue , 639controllo accessi, 4386conversione: da ASP a PHP3, 4531conversione: da CD audio a MP3, 4619conversione: da GIF a PNG, 4591conversione: da HTML a testo puro, 4598conversione: da tar.gz a RPM, 4567conversione: da WAV a MP3, 4613convert , 1151Cooledit, 905copia, 81, 83, 775copia di file, 4489copia di sicurezza, 798, 3904copia di sicurezza: generazioni, 3906copia di sicurezza: livelli, 3907copia e incolla in X, 4589copia: directory, 4491copia: file, 4489copyleft, 9, 16, 4833copyright, 8, 4832core, 65core , 4566core dump, 381count() , 2327cp , 53, 81, 83, 777cpio , 790createdb , 3679createuser , 3673crittografia, 2131crittografia a chiave pubblica, 2131crittografia a chiave segreta, 2131crittografia asimmetrica, 2131crittografia simmetrica, 2131cron , 415Cron, 414, 4508crontab , 415Cruft, 263Crynwr, 2208crypt() , 523csplit , 833CSS, 2865ctime, 773ctlinnd , 1823Ctrl+c , 382Ctrl+\ , 382

xiv

Cups, 1005, 4938, 4939, 4940, 4941cut , 838cut and paste in X, 4589CVS, 1906, 1921C, preprocessore:#define , 3221, 3221C, preprocessore:#elif , 3222C, preprocessore:#else , 3222C, preprocessore:#endif , 3222C, preprocessore:#ifdef , 3222C, preprocessore:#ifndef , 3222C, preprocessore:#if , 3222C, preprocessore:#include , 3220C, preprocessore:#line , 3223C, preprocessore:#undef , 3223Dac2mp3, 4613daemon, 38, 65DAT, 4654data di accesso, 773data di creazione, 773data di modifica, 773datagramma, 1218date , 435date() , 2278, 2289, 2327Daylight savings time, 433DB, 4592DBA, 3632dbf2pg , 3871DBMS, 2332, 3631, 4592DBMS: DBA, 3632DBMS: DDL, 3632DBMS: DML, 3632dbview , 3870Dcd, 3801DCE, 1362dd , 782DDL, 3632Debian, 3990, 4001, 4570Debian:/etc/init.d/* , 3993Debian:/etc/rc?.d , 3994Debian: aggiornamento pacchetti, 4570Debian: descrizione pacchetti, 4572Debian: dipendenze, 4571Debian: disinstallazione, 4570Debian: Dselect, 4573Debian: installazione, 4570Debian: lista pacchetti installati, 4572Debian:make-kpkg , 302Debian: provenienza dai pacchetti, 4571Debian: verifica, 4571DebianDoc, 2762debiandoc2* , 2764declare , 640

xv

Deity, 278, 4929demone, 38, 65depmod, 325destroyuser , 3673df , 80, 705DHCP, 1510dhcpcd , 1515dhcpd , 1512dhcrelay , 1515Diald, 4544Dialog, 671die() , 2295diff , 847differenza tra i file, 237, 847Dig, 1330DIN 476, 2356dircolors , 764directory, 42, 74, 756, 4489, 4495directory corrente, 74directory home, 76directory personale, 76directory: bit sticky, 770directory: contenuto, 761directory: percorso, 759directory: percorso degli eseguibili, 765directory: SGID, 770dirname , 759disable , 1005dischetti di avvio, 4433dischetto, 306dischetto di emergenza, 3915dischetto di emergenza: Slackware, 3918dischi, 687dischi di installazione GNU/Linux Debian, 4433disco, 679disco di avvio, 4433, 4433disco fisso, 306disco magneto-ottico, 716disco senza partizioni, 716disco: 1024 cilindri, 216disco: cache, 684, 706disco: creazione di un file system, 687disco: geometria, 681disco: immagine, 717disco: inversione, 4434disco: MBR, 682disco: partizione, 682disco: partizioni, 689disco: quota, 708disco: VFAT, 4447disco RAM iniziale, 328diskless, 3951

xvi

display , 1155display: reindirizzamento, 4528dispositivo, 40, 111, 344dispositivo di memorizzazione, 135dispositivo di puntamento, 1026distacco di un file system, 61, 696divisa, 4990DLH, 3128DMA, 355DML, 3632DNS, 1233, 1313, 1316, 1333, 1417, 2024, 4540DNS: alias, 1322, 1343DNS: con più provider, 4540DNS: record A, 1341DNS: record A6, 1341DNS: record AAAA, 1341DNS: record CNAME, 1343DNS: record MX, 1341DNS: record NS, 1340DNS: record SOA, 1339DNS: trovare quelli de proprio provider, 4538dnsserver , 1949do..while , 2305DocBook, 2768documentazione, 114documentazione dei programmi, 4566documentazione FAQ, 122documentazione interna, 115documentazione ipertestuale, 118documentazione LDP, 122documentazione specializzata, 122documentazione tradotta, 116domainname , 1496dominio, 65dominio virtuale, 4518dominio, nome di, 1232DOS, 2208, 3876DOS:APPEND, 4089DOS:ASSIGN, 4087DOS:ATTRIB, 4089DOS:AUTOEXEC.BAT, 4096DOS:BREAK, 4092DOS:BUFFERS, 4092DOS:CALL, 4099DOS:CH, 4075DOS:CHCP, 4097DOS:CHDIR, 4075DOS:CHKDSK, 4086DOS:CHOICE, 4103DOS:CLS, 4103DOS:COMP, 4091DOS:CONFIG.SYS, 4092

xvii

DOS:COPY, 4079DOS:COUNTRY, 4093DOS:DATE, 4098DOS:DEL, 4079DOS:DELTREE, 4089DOS:DEVICE, 4094DOS:DEVICEHIGH, 4094DOS:DIR, 4078DOS:DISKCOPY, 4086DOS:DOS, 4094DOS:DRIVEPARM, 4094DOS:ECHO, 4102DOS:ERASE, 4079DOS:FC, 4091DOS:FCBS, 4095DOS:FILES , 4095DOS:FIND, 4090DOS:FOR, 4100DOS:FORMAT, 4084DOS:GOTO, 4101DOS:GRAFTABL, 4098DOS: IF , 4100DOS: INSTALL , 4095DOS:JOIN , 4088DOS:KEYB, 4097DOS:LABEL, 4085DOS:LASTDRIVE, 4095DOS:LH, 4105DOS:LOADHIGH, 4105DOS:MD, 4076DOS:MEM, 4106DOS:MKDIR, 4076DOS:MORE, 4082DOS:MOVE, 4090DOS: packet-driver, 2208Dos: passare a GNU/Linux, 4599DOS:PAUSE, 4103DOS: PPP, 2225DOS:REM, 4102DOS:REN, 4080DOS:RENAME, 4080DOS:RM, 4078DOS:RMDIR, 4078DOS:SET, 4080DOS:SHELL, 4096DOS:SHIFT , 4099DOS:SORT, 4082DOS:STACK, 4096DOS:SUBST, 4088DOS:SYS, 4087DOS:TIME, 4098DOS:TREE, 4091

xviii

DOS:TYPE, 4081DOS:VERIFY, 4089DOS:VOL, 4085DOS:XCOPY, 4086DOSEMU, 3876dosfsck , 696DosLynx, 2215dot-clock, 1071double , 2287DPkg, 257dpkg-reconfigure locales , 447dpkg-scanpackages , 4005, 4008dropdb , 3679Dselect, 4573DSelect, 260, 266, 4928DSL, 4718DST, 433DTD, 2689dtd2html , 2737dtddiff , 2738DTE, 1362du , 80, 764dumpkeys , 458duplicato posta elettronica, 4554DVI, 988dvi2fax , 1000dviconcat , 1000dvicopy , 998dvidvi , 999Dvilj , 996dvilx , 994Dvips, 989dvired , 1000dviselect , 998dvisvga , 994e2fsck, 4444e2fsck , 695EAN: European Article Number, 3966EAN-13, 3965EAN-8, 3965echo , 640, 861, 2278editing, 872editoria elettronica, 2389editoria elettronica: Alml, 2930, 2946, 2981, 2986, 2992editoria elettronica: DebianDoc, 2762editoria elettronica: DocBook, 2768editoria elettronica: HTML, 2843, 2855, 2889, 2899editoria elettronica: LaTeX, 2550editoria elettronica: LinuxDoc, 2749editoria elettronica: Lout, 3077editoria elettronica: SGML, 2689, 2774, 2796, 2810editoria elettronica: TeX, 2453, 2464

xix

editoria elettronica: Texinfo, 2810editoria elettronica: *roff, 3051edquota , 714ee , 1149Efax, 1443egrep , 803EIDE, 357EISA, 362elaboratore, 23, 26elaboratore cliente, 62elaboratore portatile, 4632elaboratore senza disco, 3951elaboratore servente, 62Electric Eyes, 1149eliminautente , 530ELKS, 4064else , 2299, 2299elseif , 2300, 2302El-Torito, 725email, 1599, 1622, 1640enable , 641, 1005Enlightenment, 4585Enlightenment: impostazione dei temi, 4586Enscript, 954entità generale, 2696entità parametrica, 2696env , 669Epson Stylus Color, 4659Eqn, 3069ERE, 3572errore:/dev/lp0 :not detected , 4471errore:0101010101... , 4458errore:as86 Command not found , 4471errore:bus error , 4630errore:modprobe: can’t locate module... , 4472errore:no dialtone , 4591errore:no final new line , 4450errore:No setup Signature found , 4472errore:shell-init: could not get current directory , 4504errore:signal 11 , 4471, 4656errore:terminal type not supported , 4530escape , 2288eseguibile, 102, 660eseguibili: dove risiedono nel file system, 4565esempio:eliminautente , 530esempio:ppp-chiudi , 1414esempio:ppp-connetti , 1412esempio:ricicla , 786esempio:rpmdoppi , 4029esempio:salva , 798esportare le risorse, 4436espressione regolare, 66, 802, 3335, 3572, 3580

xx

Ethereal, 2091Ethernet, 309, 317, 1235, 1250, 1257, 3921eval , 641exec , 641exicyclog , 1673Exim, 1659exit , 47, 642exit status, 615expand , 841Explore2fs, 4451export , 642exportfs , 1484expr , 865Ext2, 61ext2resize, 4446ext2resize , 4446ext2 tools, 4451Ext3, 61Extended industry standard architecture, 362factor , 869false , 863FAQ, 122FAT, 61FAT32, 4448fax, 1443fclose() , 2325, 2327, 2330fdformat , 107, 688fdisk , 140, 689FDL, 4702feof() , 2324, 2325, 2327Fetchmail, 1625fetchmail, 4550fg , 409, 642fgets() , 2325, 2327FHS, 744fig2dev , 1186file , 79, 764file, 26, 2324, 4489file crontab, 414file DBF, 3870file di differenze, 4565file di dispositivo, 344file di dispositivo: permessi, 4448, 4449, 4449file di log, 4504file di registrazioni, 4504file di testo, 98, 823, 872file manager, 896, 1158file normale, 42file speciale, 816file temporaneo, 668file() , 2295, 2325file: creazione, 4494

xxi

filesize() , 2330file-immagine, 717, 4603, 4604, 4604file-immagine di un dischetto, 4603, 4603file-immagine di una partizione, 4603file-make, 234, 3242file_exists() , 2325file system, 26, 37, 42, 107, 687, 744, 4444file system: creazione, 4445file system: Dos-FAT, 4446file system: Ext2, 135file system: Ext3, 135file system: montaggio, 696file system: Second-extended, 135file system: UMSDOS, 135file system: Unix, 684file system: verifica, 694filmato, 3844filtro di pacchetto IP, 1961, 1994filtro di stampa, 941find, 4497find , 106, 804fine lavoro, 70finger , 1524Finger, 1524, 2022fingerd , 1524FIPS.EXE , 135, 4434firewall, 1951, 1961, 1994, 4520firma digitale, 2131firma elettronica, 2131firma MD5, 845firma scelta casualmente, 4555float , 2287flooder, 1546floppy, 306, 318fmt , 827foalt , 2285fold , 829fonte tipografica, 1124fopen() , 2324, 2325, 2327, 2330for , 627, 2305foreach , 2306foreground, 407fork, 4512form , 2311formattazione a basso livello, 687fputs() , 2327, 2330FQDN, 1232frame, 1218free , 402, 4655FreeAmp, 3834FreeBSD, 15freeWAIS, 1841

xxii

freeWAIS-sf, 1841FS.h eFSprolo.h mancanti in fase di compilazione, 4601fsck, 4444fsck , 696fsck.ext2, 4444fsck.ext2 , 695, 4445fsck.ext3 , 695fsck.msdos , 696, 4446FSDEXT2, 4451FTP, 1564, 1576, 1579, 1834, 4522, 4562ftp , 1565ftp, 4522FTP sullo sfondo da accesso remoto, 4548FTP: anonimo, 1564, 1581, 2026FTP: riproduzione speculare, 1866ftpcount , 1594ftpd , 1576, 1579ftpwho , 1594Fujitzu: disco magneto-ottico, 716Fully Qualified Domain Name, 1232function() , 2317, 2322funzioni, 2315, 2315fuser , 400Fvwm, 1088Fvwm 2, 1089Fvwm95, 1092g++, 4630G200 AGP e GNU/Linux, 4635GAG, 4458gateway, 1220GCC, 3193, 4630GCC: ottimizzazione, 3193Gcd, 3805GCJ, 3410Gdm, 1094Geg, 3783geometria del disco, 681geroglifico, 3109gestore di file, 896, 1158get , 2311get, 2311getopts , 642Getright, 4561Gettext, 2927, 3556getty , 484, 486gettype() , 2282, 2285Getty_ps, 484, 1428, 1452get-edid , 1067GFDL, 4702GGV, 971Ghostscript, 962, 2435, 2443, 4598Ghostview, 967, 4598

xxiii

GID, 60GIF: conversione in PNG, 4591Gimp, 1147, 4580Glimpse, 1803global , 2317globbing, 47, 61, 88, 596GMT, 433Gnome, 1096, 4585Gnome control center, 1097Gnome panel, 1098, 4585gnomecc , 1097GnomeICU, 1556, 1556gnome-session , 1096gnome-wm, 1096Gnome APT, 287GNU, 16GNU: licenza FDL, 4702GNU: licenza GPL, 4683, 4688GNU: licenza LGPL, 4694GNU: Manifesto, 4294Gnumeric, 1170GnuPG, 2138Gnuplot, 3768, 4110Go!zilla, 4561goctave, 4592GOGO, 4613gpasswd , 549gpg , 2138gpgm, 2138GPL, 4683, 4688gpm, 472Greenwich mean time, 433grep, 4497, 4497grep , 107, 801Grepmail, 1620Grip, 3810, 4613groff , 3072Groff, 3051groupadd , 550groupdel , 550groups , 528grpck , 552grpconv , 549grpunconv , 549GRUB, 205, 4458gruppo, 4482, 4486gruppo privato, 533gs , 962gtcd , 3802GTKmp3make, 4613GTransferManager, 4561GTV, 3844

xxiv

gunzip , 795, 4577GV, 970gzcat , 795gzip , 795, 4577handshaking, 1361Hanoi, 3160, 3237, 3293, 3383, 3452, 3514, 3538hard link, 776hash , 645, 2285, 2289Hayes, 1363head, 4492head , 832help , 645Help2man, 3129history, 4502Host, 1329host, 62hostname , 444hosts.nntp , 1826HOWTO, 122HP 720C Deskjet, 4658ht://Dig, 1852htdigconfig , 1853HTML, 2843, 2855, 2889, 2899HTML2ps, 2873HTML: conversione in testo puro, 4598HTMLDOC, 2889htpasswd , 1728htsearch , 1854HTTP, 1697, 1709, 1733, 1738HTTP: autenticazione, 1728httpd , 1709hwclock , 438hwdiag , 377I/O, 4665i18n, 66i25, 3976iBCS, 4566Icecast, 3841IceWM: configurazione, 4586, 4587IceWM: sfondo, 4587ICMP, 1247icmplog , 2096icone in Risorse di Rete di Windows, 4533ICQ, 1555id , 528IDE, 353, 357IDENT, 2042identd , 2042identtestd , 2044IEEE 802.3, 1235if , 629, 2287, 2298Ifconfig, 1249, 1253, 4537

xxv

ImageMagick, 1150imapd , 1623implementazione, 66import , 1155impronta digitale, 2133imwheel, 4639in.fingerd , 1524in.ftpd , 1576, 1579in.identd , 2042in.identtestd , 2044in.rlogind , 1519in.rshd , 1520in.talkd , 1528in.telnetd , 1532in.tftpd , 1536include() , 2297, 2309, 2315inclusione di file, 2309incoming.conf , 1826index.html non interpretato, 4530indicizzazione dei file, 1841Industry standard architecture, 361inetd , 1468info , 119Info2www, 1804informazione sul funzionamento, 429Init, 386Init System V, 386initdb , 3668initrd, 328initscript , 390inizializzazione, 687INN, 1814innd , 1822innesto di un file system, 61, 696innfeed.conf , 1827inode, 684, 685insmod , 323install , 781installazione, 130, 4433installazione di applicativi, 233installazione: Red Hat, 4433integer , 2285, 2286interfogliata due su cinque, 3976Interleaved two of five, 3976internazionalizzazione, 66Internet domain socket, 1348, 1351InterNet News, 1814Internet Relay Chat, 1544Internet service daemon, 1468intero, 2286interprete dei comandi, 594interruzione, 2308

xxvi

interruzione di riga, 61invito della shell, 594invito: caratteri speciali, 4600ip , 1279, 1279IP aliasing, 1255IP macchina: visualizzazione, 4537IPC, 382Ipchains, 4469ipchains , 1995, 2005, 2007Ipfwadm, 4469IPlogger, 2096ipop2d , 1623ipop3d , 1623IPP, 1005Iproute, 1279IPTables, 1962IPTraf, 2085IPv4, 1225, 1929IPv4: classi, 1227IPv4: rete privata, 1229IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses, 1294IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, 1295IPv6, 1245, 1286, 1298, 1310IPv6: FTP, 1574, 1576IRC, 1544, 4560ircd , 1549IRQ, 4665ISA, 361isapnp , 375, 4646Isapnptools, 375ISBN, 3969ISDN, 4658ISO 10646, 2394, 2399ISO 216, 2356ISO 3166, 4987ISO 4217, 4990ISO 639, 4986ISO 646, 2405ISO 8601, 3645ISO 8802.3, 1235ISO 8859, 2407ISO 9660, 724ISO Latin, 2407ISO-OSI, 1218ISP, 1452, 4535Ispell, 2914, 4111ISSN, 3970is_array() , 2299is_double() , 2299is_integer() , 2299is_string() , 2299ITF, 3976

xxvii

I-seek-you, 1555Jade, 2770JadeTeX, 2771Java, 3406, 3413Java Development Kit, 3410Java:do-while , 3422Java:for , 3423Java:if , 3420Java:super , 3432Java:switch , 3421Java:this , 3433Java: variabili, 3416Java:while , 3422JDK, 3410job, 63job di shell, 407, 623jobs , 408, 646Joe, 887join , 840Joliet, 725JSR, 4582K6 e GNU/Linux, 4634Kaffe, 3406Kappfinder, 1100kbd-mode , 451Kcontrol, 1099KDE, 1098Kdm, 1095kernel, 27, 37, 298, 4460kernel panic, 4443, 4443kernel: applicazione di un file di modifiche, 4465kernel: compilazione, 4461, 4463kernel: configurazione, 303, 313kernel: moduli, 321kernel: parametri di avvio, 314kernel: sorgenti, 4469kernel: versione, 4461kernel: «drop source-routed frames», 4469kernel: «IP forwarding/gatewaying», 4521Khelpcenter, 1101kill , 405, 410, 646killall , 406klogd , 513Kmenuedit, 1100Kpersonalizer, 1099Kppp, 4536kppp: file di lock, 4536kppp: utenti, 4537l10n, 66LAME, 3827, 4613LAN, 1216last , 559

xxviii

lastcomm , 562LaTeX, 2550LaTeX: ambientearray , 2652LaTeX: ambientecenter , 2591LaTeX: ambientedisplaymath , 2641LaTeX: ambientedocument , 2554LaTeX: ambienteenumerate , 2592LaTeX: ambienteequation , 2641LaTeX: ambientefigure , 2600LaTeX: ambienteflushleft , 2591LaTeX: ambienteflushright , 2591LaTeX: ambienteitemize , 2592LaTeX: ambientelist , 2592LaTeX: ambientelongtable , 2633LaTeX: ambientelrbox , 2610LaTeX: ambientemath , 2641LaTeX: ambientepicture , 2635LaTeX: ambientequotation , 2597LaTeX: ambientequote , 2597LaTeX: ambientetabbing , 2624LaTeX: ambientetable , 2600LaTeX: ambientetabular , 2628LaTeX: ambientethebibliography , 2621LaTeX: ambienteverbatim , 2599LaTeX: ambienteverse , 2598LaTeX: carattere da stampa, 2583LaTeX: contatorechapter , 2563LaTeX: contatoreenumi , 2592LaTeX: contatoreenumii , 2592LaTeX: contatoreenumiii , 2592LaTeX: contatoreenumiv , 2592LaTeX: contatoreequation , 2563LaTeX: contatorefigure , 2563, 2600LaTeX: contatorefootnote , 2563, 2581LaTeX: contatorepage , 2563, 2581LaTeX: contatoreparagraph , 2563LaTeX: contatorepart , 2563LaTeX: contatoresection , 2563LaTeX: contatoresubparagraph , 2563LaTeX: contatoresubsection , 2563LaTeX: contatoresubsubsection , 2563LaTeX: contatoretable , 2563, 2600LaTeX: oggetto fluttuante, 2600LaTeX: riferimenti, 2613LaTeX: tabella, 2624LaTeX:^ , 2650LaTeX: \( , 2641LaTeX: \) , 2641LaTeX: \= , 2624LaTeX: \above , 2650LaTeX: \addcontentsline , 2613LaTeX: \addtocontents , 2613

xxix

LaTeX: \addtocounter , 2563LaTeX: \addtolength , 2562LaTeX: \addvspace , 2604LaTeX: \alph , 2563LaTeX: \Alph , 2563LaTeX: \appendix , 2554, 2570LaTeX: \arabic , 2563LaTeX: \atop , 2650LaTeX: \author , 2554, 2569LaTeX: \baselineskip , 2590LaTeX: \begindocument , 2569LaTeX: \bfseries , 2585LaTeX: \bibitem , 2621LaTeX: \biggl , 2649LaTeX: \Biggl , 2649LaTeX: \biggr , 2649LaTeX: \Biggr , 2649LaTeX: \bigg , 2649LaTeX: \Bigg , 2649LaTeX: \Bigl , 2649LaTeX: \bigl , 2649LaTeX: \Bigr , 2649LaTeX: \bigr , 2649LaTeX: \bigskipamount , 2604LaTeX: \bigskip , 2604LaTeX: \Big , 2649LaTeX: \big , 2649LaTeX: \caption , 2600LaTeX: \centerline , 2591LaTeX: \chapter , 2554, 2570LaTeX: \choose , 2650LaTeX: \circle , 2635LaTeX: \cite , 2621LaTeX: \cleardoublepage , 2576, 2600LaTeX: \clearpage , 2576, 2600LaTeX: \cline , 2628LaTeX: \closeout , 2658LaTeX: \dashbox , 2635LaTeX: \date , 2554, 2569LaTeX: \displaystyle , 2650LaTeX: \documentclass , 2554, 2568LaTeX: \dotfill , 2603LaTeX: \doublespacing , 2606LaTeX: \emph , 2587LaTeX: \endfoot , 2633LaTeX: \endhead , 2633LaTeX: \enddocument , 2569LaTeX: \epsfig , 2639LaTeX: \evensidemargin , 2575LaTeX: \fboxrule , 2607LaTeX: \fboxsep , 2607LaTeX: \fbox , 2588, 2607

xxx

LaTeX: \flushbottom , 2576LaTeX: \fnsymbol , 2563LaTeX: \fontencoding , 2587LaTeX: \fontfamily , 2587LaTeX: \fontseries , 2587LaTeX: \fontshape , 2587LaTeX: \fontsize , 2585, 2587LaTeX: \footnotemark , 2581LaTeX: \footnotesize , 2584LaTeX: \footnotetext , 2581LaTeX: \footnote , 2581LaTeX: \footskip , 2575LaTeX: \frac , 2650LaTeX: \framebox , 2607LaTeX: \frame , 2588, 2635LaTeX: \frenchspacing , 2561, 2561LaTeX: \headheight , 2575LaTeX: \headsep , 2575LaTeX: \hfill , 2603LaTeX: \hline , 2628, 2652LaTeX: \hoffset , 2575LaTeX: \hrulefill , 2603LaTeX: \hspace , 2603LaTeX: \Huge , 2584LaTeX: \huge , 2584LaTeX: \hyphenation , 2582LaTeX: \immediate , 2658LaTeX: \includegraphics , 2639LaTeX: \includeonly , 2658LaTeX: \include , 2658LaTeX: \indent , 2590LaTeX: \index , 2617LaTeX: \input , 2658LaTeX: \itemsep , 2592LaTeX: \item , 2592LaTeX: \itshape , 2585LaTeX: \jobname , 2658LaTeX: \kill , 2624LaTeX: \labelitemiii , 2592LaTeX: \labelitemii , 2592LaTeX: \labelitemiv , 2592LaTeX: \labelitemi , 2592LaTeX: \label , 2616LaTeX: \Large , 2584LaTeX: \large , 2584LaTeX: \LARGE, 2584LaTeX: \leftskip , 2590LaTeX: \linebreak , 2576LaTeX: \linespread , 2606LaTeX: \linethickness , 2635LaTeX: \linewidth , 2590LaTeX: \line , 2635

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LaTeX: \listoffigures , 2600, 2613LaTeX: \listoftables , 2600, 2613LaTeX: \makebox , 2607, 2635LaTeX: \makeindex , 2617LaTeX: \maketitle , 2554, 2569LaTeX: \markboth , 2580LaTeX: \markright , 2580LaTeX: \mathbf , 2585LaTeX: \mathcal , 2585LaTeX: \mathit , 2585LaTeX: \mathrm , 2585LaTeX: \mathsf , 2585LaTeX: \mathtt , 2585LaTeX: \mbox , 2582, 2607LaTeX: \medskipamount , 2604LaTeX: \medskip , 2604LaTeX: \minipage , 2607LaTeX: \newcommand , 2557LaTeX: \newcounter , 2563LaTeX: \newenvironment , 2557LaTeX: \newlength , 2562LaTeX: \newline , 2576LaTeX: \newpage , 2576LaTeX: \newtheorem , 2654LaTeX: \newwrite , 2658LaTeX: \noindent , 2590LaTeX: \nopagebreak , 2576LaTeX: \normalfont , 2585LaTeX: \normalsize , 2584LaTeX: \numberline , 2613LaTeX: \oddsidemargin , 2575LaTeX: \onecolumn , 2576LaTeX: \onehalfspacing , 2606LaTeX: \openout , 2658LaTeX: \oval , 2635LaTeX: \overbrace , 2649LaTeX: \overline , 2588, 2649LaTeX: \over , 2650LaTeX: \pagebreak , 2576LaTeX: \pagenumbering , 2581LaTeX: \pageref , 2616LaTeX: \pagestyle , 2580LaTeX: \paperheight , 2575LaTeX: \paperwidth , 2575LaTeX: \paragraph , 2554, 2570LaTeX: \parbox , 2607, 2624LaTeX: \parindent , 2590LaTeX: \parskip , 2590LaTeX: \part , 2554, 2570LaTeX: \par , 2590LaTeX: \poptabs , 2624LaTeX: \printindex , 2617

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LaTeX: \pushtabs , 2624LaTeX: \put , 2635LaTeX: \raggedbottom , 2576LaTeX: \raggedleft , 2591LaTeX: \raggedright , 2591LaTeX: \raisebox , 2589LaTeX: \refstepcounter , 2563LaTeX: \ref , 2616LaTeX: \renewcommand , 2557LaTeX: \renewenvironment , 2557LaTeX: \rightskip , 2590LaTeX: \rmfamily , 2585LaTeX: \roman , 2563LaTeX: \Roman , 2563LaTeX: \rule , 2611LaTeX: \samepage , 2576LaTeX: \scriptscriptstyle , 2650LaTeX: \scriptsize , 2584LaTeX: \scriptstyle , 2650LaTeX: \scshape , 2585LaTeX: \section , 2554, 2570LaTeX: \selectfont , 2585, 2587LaTeX: \setcounter , 2563LaTeX: \setlength , 2562LaTeX: \settodepth , 2562LaTeX: \settoheight , 2562LaTeX: \settowidth , 2562LaTeX: \sffamily , 2585LaTeX: \singlespacing , 2606LaTeX: \slshape , 2585LaTeX: \smallskipamount , 2604LaTeX: \smallskip , 2604LaTeX: \small , 2584LaTeX: \sqrt , 2650LaTeX: \stackrel , 2650LaTeX: \stepcounter , 2563LaTeX: \stretch , 2606LaTeX: \string , 2658LaTeX: \subparagraph , 2554, 2570LaTeX: \subsection , 2554, 2570LaTeX: \subsubsection , 2554LaTeX: \tableofcontents , 2554, 2569, 2613LaTeX: \textasciicircum , 2583LaTeX: \textasciitilde , 2583LaTeX: \textbackslash , 2583LaTeX: \textbf , 2585LaTeX: \textheight , 2575LaTeX: \textit , 2585LaTeX: \textnormal , 2585LaTeX: \textrm , 2585LaTeX: \textsc , 2585, 2585LaTeX: \textsf , 2585

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LaTeX: \textsl , 2585LaTeX: \textstyle , 2650LaTeX: \texttt , 2585LaTeX: \textup , 2585LaTeX: \textwidth , 2575LaTeX: \thanks , 2569LaTeX: \theenumiii , 2592LaTeX: \theenumii , 2592LaTeX: \theenumiv , 2592LaTeX: \theenumi , 2592LaTeX: \the , 2562, 2563LaTeX: \thispagestyle , 2580LaTeX: \tiny , 2584LaTeX: \title , 2554, 2569LaTeX: \topmargin , 2575LaTeX: \ttfamily , 2585LaTeX: \twocolumn , 2576LaTeX: \underbrace , 2649LaTeX: \underline , 2588, 2649LaTeX: \unitlength , 2635LaTeX: \upshape , 2585LaTeX: \usebox , 2610LaTeX: \usefont , 2587LaTeX: \usepackagefloat , 2600LaTeX: \usepackagelatexsym , 2643LaTeX: \usepackagelongtable , 2633LaTeX: \usepackagemakeidx , 2617LaTeX: \usepackagesetspace , 2606LaTeX: \usepackageverbatim , 2658LaTeX: \usepackage[italian]babel , 2560, 2561LaTeX: \usepackage[latin1]inputenc , 2561, 2561LaTeX: \usepackage[T1]fontenc , 2561, 2561LaTeX: \usepackage , 2554LaTeX: \value , 2563LaTeX: \vector , 2635LaTeX: \verbatiminput , 2658LaTeX: \verb , 2599LaTeX: \vfill , 2576, 2604LaTeX: \voffset , 2575LaTeX: \vspace , 2604LaTeX: \write , 2658LaTeX: \ , 2583LaTeX: \ , 2583LaTeX: \\ , 2624, 2628LaTeX: \> , 2624LaTeX: \[ , 2641LaTeX: \# , 2583LaTeX: \$ , 2583LaTeX: \%, 2583LaTeX: \& , 2583LaTeX: \_ , 2583LaTeX: \] , 2641

xxxiv

LaTeX:$$ , 2641LaTeX:$, 2641LaTeX:&, 2628LaTeX:_, 2650LBA, 354ldconfig , 236ldd , 237LDP, 122leafnode: la guida, 4557Leafnode: «skipping ... from now», 4560led, 452less , 114, 4491less: colori ls, 4493let , 647Lftp, 1574LGPL, 4694Libident, 2044libreria, 4481librerie, 4481licenza del software, 8, 4832licenza: Artistic, 13, 4708licenza: BSD, 13licenza: DSL, 4718licenza: GNU-FDL, 4702licenza: GNU-GPL, 4683, 4688licenza: GNU-LGPL, 4694licenza: LPPL, 4712licenza: MIT, 4711licenza: Open publication license, 4721licenza: QPL, 13, 4715licenza: SSLeay, 4717licenza: UCB BSD, 4710LILO, 215, 222, 4434, 4451LILO: dischetto e kernel su disco fisso, 4451Lilo-Colors, 4442linea dedicata, 1397, 1402link, 43, 86, 4489link hard, 4496link soft, 4496Links, 1705LinPopUp, 4533Linux, 17Linux Logo, 4442Linuxconf, 2029LinuxDoc, 2749lista di posta elettronica, 1676listen , 3843livello di esecuzione, 64, 4440ln , 55, 86, 780loadkeys , 458Loadlin, 199, 4439local , 647

xxxv

local time, 433locale , 446, 569localedef , 446locale-gen , 447localizzazione, 66, 564locate, 4496lockvc , 2100log, 64log: degli accessi, 4505log: eliminazione, 4506log: invio attraverso posta elettronica, 4507logger , 513login, 46, 60, 515login , 515, 2037login grafico, 4578login grafico: Debian, 4578login remoto, 1518, 2027logname , 522logout, 46, 60logout , 648logoutd , 2040look , 838loop, 2303, 2305, 2305, 2306loopback, 1228, 1250, 1257Lout, 3077lp , 931lpadmin , 1005lpc , 933lpd , 926, 930lpinfo , 1007LPPL, 4712lpq , 932lpr , 926, 931lprm , 933ls, 4492ls , 52, 77, 761ls 120, 4663ls: colori, 4588lsattr , 773lsdev , 430lsh , 2185LSH, 2182lshc , 2185lshd , 2184lsh-keygen , 2183lsh-writekey , 2183lsmod , 324lspci , 375Lynx, 1698, 2212lynx: refresh, 4557lynx: reload, 4557lynx: sfondo, 4557

xxxvi

M4, 3618M4: changecom , 3626M4: define , 3622M4: divert , 3627M4: dnl , 3626M4: forloop , 3625M4: ifdef , 3624M4: ifelse , 3624M4: include , 3626M4: shift , 3625M4: sinclude , 3626M4: undefine , 3624M4: undivert , 3627magic number, 79, 660, 764MagiCapture, 4580Magicfilter, 946MagicPoint, 1177mail, 4553mail , 1607mailing-list, 1676Mailman, 1685mailq , 1604, 1659, 1670Mailx, 1607Make, 235, 3242makedbm, 1496MAKEDEV, 344, 745MAKEDEV.local , 745makefile, 234, 3242makeindex , 2617make-kpkg , 302man, 117, 4516MAN, 1216man2HTML, 1803Mandrake, 151manuale, 4516mappa della tastiera, 454markup, 2390maschera dei permessi, 97maschera di rete, 1225mascheramento, 1951mascheramento IP, 2005, 4520masquerading, 4520masterizzatore IDE/EIDE, 4640, 4641masterizzatore SCSI, 4642, 4645masterizzazione, 4605masterizzazione: CD audio, 4606masterizzazione: CD riscrivibile, 4609, 4610masterizzazione: CD-ROM avviabile, 4608Matlab, 4592mattrib , 913MAU, 1238mbadblock , 914

xxxvii

MBR, 682mc, 896MCA, 362mcd, 914mcedit , 905mcookie , 1060mcopy, 914md5sum, 845mdel , 915mdeltree , 915mdetect , 471mdir , 915memoria, 4512memoria cache del disco, 684, 706memoria di massa, 679memoria libera, 4510memoria virtuale, 137, 739mesg, 1527messaggio all’avvio, 4442messaggio con dominio esterno in rete locale, 4551messaggio dell’avvio della macchina, 4507META, 456metacarattere, 61, 596mgetty , 493, 1438Mgetty, 4547Mgetty+Sendfax, 492, 1438, 1460mgp, 1178mgp2ps, 1179mgpnet , 1178MI/X , 3884Micro channel architecture, 362Midnight Commander, 295, 896, 4491MIME, 1629Mingetty, 497mingetty , 497Minicom, 1371, 4591MiniTelnet, 2211Minix , 16, 16, 17, 4044Mirror, 1867mirror, 1866mirror di un sito, 4562MIT, 4711mkdir , 53, 83, 758mkdosfs , 693mke2fs , 148, 693, 4445mkfifo , 383, 816mkfs , 694mkfs.ext2 , 148, 693, 4445mkfs.ext3 , 148, 693mkfs.msdos , 693mkhybrid , 728mkisofs , 726

xxxviii

mknod, 344, 817mkswap, 148, 740mmd, 915mmove, 916mmsitepass , 1686mm_cfg.py , 1686modem, 1359, 1397, 1402, 4658modem: baud, 1375modem: bit/s, 1375modem: bps, 1375modem: configurazione, 1373modifica della parola d’ordine, 72modprobe , 325moduli: directory /lib/modules/x.y.zz, 4472modulo del kernel, 321mogrify , 1153moneta, 4990montage , 1155montaggio di un file system, 61, 696montaggio: in rete, 4527montaggio: utente comune in sola lettura, 4488montare in rete, 4529more , 114, 4491Motif , 3887motore di ricerca, 1841, 2899mount, 61mount , 109, 701mount automatico, 718mouse, 1026mouse PS2, 4638mouse: rotellina, 4639MP3, 3810, 3823, 3830, 3838, 4383, 4619MP3: conversione da CD audio, 4619MP3: conversione da WAV, 4613MP3blaster, 3830MP3info, 3825Mpack, 1638Mpage, 958MPEG, 3844Mpg123, 4383mrd, 916mren , 916mswordview , 3873mswordview, 4599MS-Windows 2000, 4448MS-Word, 4599MS-Word: conversione, 3873, 3873, 3874mtime, 773Mtools, 910, 3882, 4935mtoolstest , 913MTU, 62, 4535mtype , 916

xxxix

MUA, 1606multicast, 1287, 1510munchlist , 2918Mutt, 4556, 4556, 4556, 4556mv, 56, 85, 785Nail, 1611name server, 1316, 1333named, 1324namei , 760nanoLinux, 3923nastro, 679, 4654NAT, 1275, 1951, 1986navigazione nel file system, 4495nc6 , 2096NCSA, 2217NCSA Telnet, 2217NE2000, 1236, 2208, 4645NetBIOS, 4366, 4371, 4374NetBSD, 15Netcat6, 2096netiquette, 1866, 1887netmask, 1225Netscape, 3896Netstat, 2078Netstd ftp, 1565NetStreamer, 3837Network Address Translation, 1275, 1951Network Time Protocol, 1538newaliases , 1603, 1650newgrp , 521newline, 61, 823newlist , 1687news, 1808news.daily , 1825NFS, 62, 1484, 2023, 4436nice , 426NIS, 1491, 2028nisdomainname , 1496nl , 825nmbd, 4367, 4368nnrpd , 1822NNTP, 63nntpget , 1830nntpsend , 1829nntpsend.ctl , 1828no dialtone, 4540, 4591nodo di rete, 62nodo senza disco, 3951nohup , 427nohup, 4548nome di dominio, 65, 1232, 1313NOS, 2228

xl

NotLame MP3 Encoder, 4613Nroff, 3051nsgmls , 2717Nslookup, 1328, 2211NTFS, 4448, 4448NTP, 1538ntpd , 1539ntpdate , 1538ntsysv , 4019Null-modem, 1362numerazione di un file di testo, 4622numero a virgola mobile, 2287numlock acceso all’avvio, 4479object , 2293occorrenza di una parola in un file di testo, 4626Octave, 3777, 4592od , 827OHCI, 369on the fly, 4608open , 476Open publication license, 4721Open Source, 17OpenBSD, 15OpenOffice, 1189OpenSSH, 2188OpenSSL, 2162operatori, 2293operatori aritmetici, 2293operatori di assegnazione, 2294operatori di confronto, 2297operatori di controllo degli errori, 2295operatori di incremento e decremento, 2296operatori logici, 2297OPTi 931S, 4647ora locale, 433ordinamento, 835ordinamento alfabetico file, 4495orologio, 4478, 4478, 4479OSI, 1218P2c, 4630p2c , 3251pacchetto, 1217pacchetto di applicazioni, 240, 245, 248, 253, 266, 276pacchetto di applicazioni: conversione in altri formati, 293pacchetto di applicazioni: Debian, 253, 266, 276pacchetto di applicazioni: dipendenze, 250pacchetto di applicazioni: Red Hat, 248pacchetto di applicazioni: Slackware, 245pacchetto di applicazioni: sorgente, 233PAGER, 3684pagina di manuale, 4516PAM, 554

xli

panel , 1098PAP, 1379Parallel Bladeenc, 4613parallela, 306parametro attuale, 3266parametro formale, 3264parentesi graffa, 4516parola d’ordine, 61parse-edid , 1067Parted, 4446partizione, 682, 689, 4603partizione di scambio, 140partizione di scambio per la memoria virtuale, 739partizione Dos-FAT, 692partizione estesa, 683partizione Linux-nativa, 140partizione logica, 135partizione primaria, 683partizione Second-extended, 140partizione: Dos-VFAT, 4450partizione: ridimensionamento, 4446partizione: visualizzazione, 4445Pascal, 3248, 3254, 3270, 3278, 4630Pascal: array, 3270Pascal:case , 3260Pascal:const , 3273Pascal:for , 3263Pascal: funzione, 3263Pascal:if , 3259Pascal: insieme, 3274Pascal: procedura, 3263Pascal:Read() , 3267Pascal:Readln() , 3267Pascal: record, 3275Pascal:repeat -until , 3262Pascal:set of , 3274Pascal: sottointervallo, 3274Pascal: stringhe, 3271Pascal: tipo enumerativo, 3273Pascal:type , 3272Pascal:while , 3262Pascal:Write() , 3267Pascal:Writeln() , 3267Pascal-to-C, 3248, 4630passphrase, 61passwd , 526password, 61, 4483, 4483, 4483, 4483password dimenticata, 4485password shadow, 535paste , 839PAT, 1275, 1951, 1986patch, 4565

xlii

patch , 237, 855pathchk , 760PCI, 363PCIutils, 375PCroute, 2222PDF, 1002pdftops , 1003, 1003PDU, 1220percorso, 759percorso degli eseguibili, 765percorso di fiducia, 2147Peripheral component interconnect local bus, 363Perl, 1762, 3301, 4111, 4631Perl:abs() , 3365Perl: array, 3307Perl:atan2() , 3365Perl:binmode , 3354Perl: CGI, 1762Perl:chdir() , 3353Perl:chmod() , 3349Perl:chomp() , 3354Perl:chop() , 3355Perl:chown , 3350Perl:chr() , 3366Perl:close , 3355Perl:cos() , 3365Perl:defined() , 3367Perl:delete() , 3368Perl:die() , 3370Perl:do() , 3370Perl:eof , 3355Perl: espressioni, 3313Perl: espressioni regolari, 3335Perl:eval() , 3370Perl:exec() , 3362Perl:exists() , 3368Perl:exit() , 3371Perl:exp() , 3365Perl:fcntl , 3356Perl: file, 3339Perl:fileno , 3356Perl:flock , 3356Perl:for , 3318Perl:foreach , 3319Perl:getc , 3357Perl:glob() , 3353Perl: hash, 3311Perl:hex() , 3366Perl: if , 3316Perl: installazione di moduli, 4631Perl: int() , 3365Perl: ioctl , 3357

xliii

Perl:keys() , 3369Perl:kill() , 3362Perl: link() , 3350Perl: liste, 3307Perl: log() , 3365Perl: lstat() , 3350Perl:m// , 3332Perl:mkdir() , 3353Perl:oct() , 3367Perl:open() , 3357Perl: operatori, 3313Perl:ord() , 3367Perl: Pg, 1787Perl:pipe , 3359Perl:pop() , 3369Perl:print() , 3359Perl:printf() , 3359Perl:push() , 3369Perl:q// , 3331Perl:qq// , 3331Perl:qw// , 3332Perl:qx// , 3331Perl:read() , 3359Perl:readlink() , 3350Perl:rename() , 3351Perl:require() , 3371Perl:rmdir() , 3354Perl:s// , 3333Perl:scalar() , 3367Perl: scalare, 3303Perl:seek() , 3360Perl:select() , 3360Perl:sin() , 3365Perl:sleep() , 3363Perl:splice() , 3369Perl:sprintf() , 3360Perl:sqrt() , 3366Perl:stat() , 3351Perl: stringhe, 3330Perl: subroutine, 3322Perl:symlink() , 3352Perl:system() , 3363Perl:tell() , 3361Perl:time() , 3363Perl:times() , 3364Perl:tr// , 3334Perl:umask() , 3364Perl:unless , 3316Perl:unlink() , 3352Perl:until , 3317Perl:utime() , 3352Perl: variabili predefinite, 3303

xliv

Perl:warn() , 3371Perl:while , 3317Perl:y// , 3334Perl:-x , 3348perlSGML, 2737permessi, 44, 95, 767, 4486permessi: directory, 4487, 4488permessi: esecuzione, 4486permessi: lettura, 4487, 4487personalizzazione, 564PgAccess, 3706pg_dump, 3688, 3690pg_passwd , 3676PHP, 4531php post e variabili, 4530PHP3, 4592, 4592PHP3: conversione da ASP, 4531phpinfo() , 2278, 2284Pic, 3069PID, 64, 4512, 4513, 4513Pine, 1611ping , 1264pinger , 1949PIO, 355pipe, 383pipeline, 48, 50, 64, 90, 616, 867pktrip, 4613PlayMPEG, 3844PLIP, 309, 1243, 1251, 1259, 2208, 3921Plug and Play, 306plug & play, 4663Plug & Play, 372PNG: conversione da GIF, 4591PnP, 372pnpdump, 375, 4646point-to-point, 1216, 1251, 1259, 1378Popclient, 1624POPMail, 2219Port Address Translation, 1275, 1951porta , 1245porta parallela, 306, 319, 331porta seriale, 1359, 1397portatile, 4632portatile: tastiera, 4633portmap , 1480posizione nel file system, 4491post, 2313post , 2311posta elettronica, 1599, 1622, 4549posta elettronica: inoltro fuori della rete locale, 4555posta elettronica: scaricare, smistare e statistica messaggi scaricati, 4549Postfix, 4552

xlv

PostgreSQL, 1782, 1789, 3667, 3706, 4592, 4592, 4593, 4593, 4593PostgreSQL: autenticazione, 3675PostgreSQL: LibPQ, 3680PostgreSQL: «unsupported frontend protocol», 4593postmaster , 3670PostScript, 945, 961, 966, 973, 2412, 2428, 2435, 2443, 4597PostScript: MS-Windows, 4598post_max_size , 2313ppa, 4653PPP, 1378, 1400, 1406, 1418, 1423, 1454, 4535pppconfig , 4535pppd , 1378pppd: errori, 4536pppd: installato?, 4535pppstats, 4628ppp-chiudi , 1414ppp-connetti , 1412PPRD, 2213pr , 828prestazioni X, 4583primo piano, 407printenv , 868printf , 862print_r() , 2289procedura di accesso, 60, 515procedura di inizializzazione del sistema, 63processi, 4513processo, 4513processo di elaborazione, 38, 93, 380processo di elaborazione: analisi, 394processo di elaborazione: comunicazione, 382processo di elaborazione: pianificazione, 414processo di elaborazione: priorità, 384, 425processo di elaborazione: privilegi, 385processo di elaborazione: segnali, 382, 404processo di elaborazione: shell, 407processo in primo piano, 407processo sullo sfondo, 407Procinfo, 429procinfo , 429Procmail, 4550, 4551profondità colori, 4584programma cliente, 62programma di servizio, 29, 39, 65programma di utilità, 29, 39, 65programma servente, 62programmazione: C, 3169programmazione: Java, 3413programmazione: Perl, 3301programmazione: PostgreSQL, 3667programmazione: pseudocodifica, 3152programmazione: Scheme, 3465, 3485, 3492

xlvi

programmazione: SQL, 3642, 3692programmazione: WWW-SQL, 3714prompt, 594, 602prompt: caratteri speciali, 4600proprietario, 4486proprietà, 767protocollo, 62proxy, 63, 1419, 1934proxy trasparente, 1988, 2006ps , 93, 394, 396psbook , 979Psiko, 4458psnup , 978psql , 1783, 1784, 3680, 3681, 4593psresize , 977psselect , 977pstoedit , 1186pstops , 980Pstotext, 3130pstree , 394, 398PSUtils, 976punto di codifica, 2394, 2397punto-punto, 1216, 1251, 1259, 1378pwck , 552pwconv , 544pwd, 648, 759pwunconv , 544QCad, 3786QPL, 13, 4715Qt, 13Queso, 2069Quicksort, 3162, 3237, 3293, 3384, 3453, 3515, 3539quota , 715quotacheck , 710quotaoff , 711quotaon , 711Raccess, 2070Radvd, 1302RAM, 315, 4655RAWRITE.EXE, 4433RDBMS, 3632rdev , 198rdist , 1893Rdist, 1888RE, 3572read , 648, 670README, 114readonly , 648Read-edid, 1067recode , 3868record, 62, 838Red Hat, 4433

xlvii

Red Hat, 151, 4014, 4029Red Hat:/etc/bashrc , 4023Red Hat:/etc/profile , 4023Red Hat:/etc/profile.d/ , 4025Red Hat:/etc/rc.d/init.d/* , 4017Red Hat:/etc/rc.d/rc?.d , 4018Red Hat:/etc/sysconfig/clock , 4022Red Hat:/etc/sysconfig/keyboard , 4022Red Hat:/etc/sysconfig/mouse , 4022Red Hat:/etc/sysconfig/network , 4020Red Hat:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* , 4021Red Hat:/etc/sysconfig/static-routes , 4021Red Hat:/var/spool/lpd/*/ , 4027Red Hat:~/.bashrc , 4023Red Hat:~/.bash_profile , 4023regexp, 66, 802, 3572, 3580registrazione, 64registrazione accessi Telnet, 4526registro del sistema, 4505registro: accessi, 4505registro: eliminazione, 4506registro: invio attraverso posta elettronica, 4507regular expression, 66regular file, 42, 62reindirizzamento degli errori su altra console, 4503relazione, 3632renice , 426repquota , 715reset , 466rete, 337, 1216rete Windows-GNU/Linux: operazioni sui file, 4534rete: configurazione, 1249rete: geografica, 1216rete: hardware, 1235rete: indirizzo IP e nome, 1309rete: instradamento, 1256, 1267rete: locale, 1216rete: metropolitana, 1216rete: privata, 1229rete: protocolli, 1245rete: protocolli di trasporto e di rete, 1245rete: servizi, 1245return , 649, 2317, 2322rev , 827rgrep, 4497riavvio del sistema, 4436ricerca, 106, 801, 4497, 4497ricerca binaria, 3158ricerca di file e loro copia, 4497ricerca file, 4493, 4496, 4496ricerca file che iniziano per, 4497ricicla , 786

xlviii

ricorsione, 2322ridirezione, 48, 90, 619RIFF WAV, 3809, 3810, 3818, 4381rinetd , 1992rip, 4613RipEnc, 4613ripetitore, 1220, 1237, 1239RipperX, 4613riproduzione speculare, 1866riproduzione speculare di un sito, 4562risoluzione predefinita X, 4583risparmio energetico monitor, 4634Rlab, 4592rlogin , 1519rlogind , 1519Rlpr, 937rm, 56, 82, 785rmdir , 83, 758rmlist , 1687rmmod, 324rndc , 1324robot, 2899robots.txt , 2901Rock Ridge, 725root, 35Route, 1256, 1260router, 1220, 1267, 1269RPC, 2024rpc.lockd , 1484rpc.mountd , 1484rpc.nfsd , 1484rpc.rquotad , 1484rpc.rusers , 1524rpc.rwalld , 1530rpc.statd , 1484rpc.yppasswdd , 1496, 1503rpc.ypxfrd , 1496, 1504rpcinfo , 1481RPCobol, 4631RPM, 4567, 4574, 4576RPM2targz, 294, 4567RPM: conversione da tar.gz, 4567rpmdoppi , 4029rsh , 1520Rsync, 1895RS-232C, 1362run level, 64rundig , 1853runq , 1670rusers , 1524rwall , 1530rwalld , 1530

xlix

rwho , 1523rwhod , 1523sa , 562safe_finger , 2052salva , 798Samba, 4532, 4534samba e parola d’ordine, 4532Samba: stampa remota, 4534SANTA, 2071satan , 2075SATAN, 2071satan/config/paths.pl , 2073satan/config/paths.sh , 2073satan/config/satan.cf , 2073SBLive!, 4648SC, 3750, 4111scanner HP 6100c, 4656scarico automatico della posta elettronica, 4556scheda di rete, 4645scheda TV, 4634schede audio pnp, 4646scheduling, 414Scheme, 3458, 3465, 3485, 3492, 3499, 3502schermo virtuale, 4584, 4585SCO Unixware e GNU/Linux, 4566sconnettersi da remoto con processi in atto, 4548scp , 2199scp, 4527, 4527Screen, 477SCREENDIR, 478ScreenShooter, 4580script, 64, 595, 626, 4620script , 475script: aggiunta di una stringa in coda ai file di testo, 4629script: CGI, 4620script: conversione in minuscolo dei nomi dei file, 4624script: ricerca di file con lo stesso nome, 4624script: ridenominazione progressiva dei file, 4627script: riordino delle righe di un file, 4626script: scelta di file a caso, 4624script: sostituzione dell’estensione a gruppi di file, 4627scrot, 4580SCSI, 309, 334, 4660Second-extended, 61SECSH, 2158Secure Shell, 1063, 2158, 2188Sed, 4626SED, 3584segnalatore acustico, 4613segnale, 404select , 627, 670Sendmail, 1602, 1650, 1670, 2028, 4553

l

seq , 869servente, 62servente di chiavi, 2136servente: CGI, 1738servente: Finger, 1524, 2022servente: FTP, 1576, 1579servente: HTTP, 1709, 1733servente: LSH, 2182servente: Secure Shell, 2188server, 62servizio di rete lento, 4525servizio di risoluzione dei nomi, 1316, 1333set , 649set group id, 769set user id, 769setfont , 468setleds , 452setserial , 1359setterm , 467settore, 681settype() , 2282, 2285Seyon, 1372sezione marcata, 2700sfdisk , 691sfondo, 407SGID, 769SGML, 2389, 2689, 2774, 2796, 2810sgml2txt, 4598SGML: attributo, 2694SGML: DebianDoc, 2762SGML: DTD, 2689SGML: elaborazione, 2717SGML: entità generale, 2696SGML: entità parametrica, 2696SGML: minimizzazione, 2691SGML: modello del contenuto, 2691SGML: sezione marcata, 2700SGML: SGMLtools, 2749Sgmls, 2721sgmlsasp , 2721sgmlspl , 2722SGMLSpm, 2717Sgmltexi, 2774, 2780, 2796, 2810Sgmltexi:abstract , 2786Sgmltexi:admin , 2784Sgmltexi:appendix , 2790Sgmltexi:author , 2786Sgmltexi:body , 2789Sgmltexi:contents , 2788Sgmltexi:copyright , 2786Sgmltexi:coverart , 2786Sgmltexi:dedications , 2786

li

Sgmltexi:defcodeindex , 2784Sgmltexi:defindex , 2784Sgmltexi:footnotestyle , 2784Sgmltexi:frontcovertext , 2786Sgmltexi:h1 , 2789Sgmltexi:h2 , 2789Sgmltexi:h3 , 2789Sgmltexi:h4 , 2789Sgmltexi:head , 2783Sgmltexi:headings , 2784Sgmltexi:indexheading , 2791Sgmltexi:infodir , 2784Sgmltexi:intro , 2789Sgmltexi:legal , 2786Sgmltexi:license , 2786Sgmltexi:menu, 2788, 2791Sgmltexi:partheading , 2789Sgmltexi:printindex , 2791Sgmltexi:publishnote , 2786Sgmltexi:setchapternewpage , 2784Sgmltexi:setfilename , 2784Sgmltexi:settitle , 2784Sgmltexi:shortcontents , 2788Sgmltexi:subtitle , 2786Sgmltexi:summarycontents , 2788Sgmltexi:syncodeindex , 2784Sgmltexi:synindex , 2784Sgmltexi:title , 2786Sgmltexi:titlepage , 2786Sgmltexi:tomeheading , 2789Sgmltexi:topnode , 2788Sgmltexi:tpextra , 2786shadow password, 535, 4483shell, 28, 39, 64, 87, 594, 4620shell: alias, 92shell: Bash, 598shell: completamento, 87shell: di login, 598shell: escape, 90, 604shell: interattiva, 598shell: non interattiva, 599shell: prompt, 602shell: quoting, 604shell: sostituzione, 88shell: suddivisione in parole, 597shift , 653shout , 3842showkey , 454showmount , 1488SI, 756, 2378, 2996, 2997sicurezza, 2021, 2037, 2099, 2104signature scelta casualmente, 4555

lii

sig_rotate.pl, 4555SimpleCDR, 4613SiS 6326, 4635Sistema internazionale di unità, 756, 2378, 2996, 2997sistema operativo, 24, 27sito speculare, 1866sito virtuale, 1731Slackware, 149, 3918sleep , 868SLIP, 1404Smart BootManager, 4458SmartList, 1678SMB, 4366, 4532smb.conf, 4532smbclient , 4372smbmount , 4378smbstatus , 4372smbumount , 4380smontaggio di un file system, 61SMTP, 63, 1599sndconfig , 3799Sniffit, 2088socket, 1348, 1351socket di dominio Internet, 1348, 1351socket di dominio Unix, 65, 1348, 1351socklist , 431software libero, 9, 4833software proprietario, 3887, 4833software semi-libero, 4833sort , 836sostituzione stringhe, 4626sottorete, 1225Sound Blaster 16 PNP, 4650, 4651Sound Blaster PCI 128, 4648Sound Blaster PCI 64V, 4648Sound blaster PCI 64V integrata, 4651source , 637Sox, 3819, 4607Soyo 5 EM, 4441Soyo 5 EMA, 4441SP, 2717, 2717spazio, 824spegnimento, 70split , 833, 4497spostamento, 85, 784spostamento di file, 4489Spreadsheet Calculator, 3750, 4111SQL, 2332, 3642, 3692, 3714Squid, 1419, 1942SRE, 3572ssh , 2199ssh, 4525

liii

SSH, 2158, 2188ssh e copia, 4527ssh: copia, 4527sshd , 2195SSHDOS, 2212ssh-keygen , 2188SSL, 2157, 2162SSL: Apache, 2175SSL: SSLwrap, 2178SSL: Stunnel, 2180SSL: TELNET, 2177SSLeay, 4717SSLwrap, 2178sSMTP, 1674stampa, 319, 331, 921, 4597stampa: contenuto directory, 4597stampa: Cups, 1005stampa: DVI, 988stampa: eliminazione di un processo, 4596stampa: eliminazione di una coda, 4596stampa: filtri, 942stampa: PDF, 1002stampa: PostScript, 961, 973, 4597stampa: scalettatura, 4597stampa: separatori di pagina, 4597stampa: visualizzazione della coda, 4596stampante, 4659stampante gestita da GNU/Linux, 4658stampante in Red Hat 6.1, 4596standard error, 49, 64standard input, 49, 64standard output, 49, 65StarOffice, 3887, 3893, 3895startx , 1048, 1050start-stop-daemon , 3993stateless, 1289statistica: connessione, 4536stazione grafica, 1026stazione senza disco, 3951storico dei comandi, 594, 4502stream audio, 3837streaming video, 3844string , 2285, 2288stringa, 2288Strutture di controllo, 2297stty , 461Stunnel, 2180su , 520subnet router anycast address, 1294substr() , 2315SUID, 769sum, 845

liv

superformat , 688supervisore di rete, 1468suspend , 653SVGATextMode, 468swap, 137, 739, 4446swapoff , 741swapon , 148, 741switch, 1240switch , 2302switchto , 477symbolic link, 775sync , 706SYSLINUX, 200syslogd , 509, 4505T.E.A.R., 4613tac , 825taglia e incolla in X, 4589tail , 832tail, 4492Talk, 2215talk , 1528talkd , 1528tar , 792tar.gz: conversione in RPM, 4567tastiera, 450, 454, 4635tastiera: elaboratore portatile, 4633tastiera: estera, 4637tastiera: italiana, 4637tastiera: lettere accentate su tastiera statunitense, 4638tastiera: tasti accessori, 4635tastiera: tasto «Canc» in xterm, 4589tavola delle partizioni, 4513Tbl, 3069tcd , 3802TCD, 3802TCP, 1929TCP/IP, 1222TCP/IP: accesso remoto, 1518TCP/IP: DOS, 2208TCP/IP: informazioni sugli utenti, 1523TCP/IP: messaggi sul terminale, 1527TCP/IP: NFS, 1484TCP/IP: NOS, 2228TCP/IP: RPC, 1480TCP/IP: servizi, 1468TCP/IP: TELNET, 1532tcpd , 1471tcpdchk , 2050tcpdmatch , 2051tcpdump , 2080Tcpdump, 2080tcplog , 2096

lv

TCP wrapper, 1471, 2046Ted, 4599tee , 867TELNET, 1532, 2217telnet , 1532Telnet, 4524, 4524, 4527telnetd , 1532Telnet-SSL, 2177Telnet NCSA, 2217Temi Window Maker, 4586tempfile , 668tempo universale, 433Termcap, 464terminale, 66, 459Terminale, 4529terminale a caratteri, 450, 468, 1122terminale grafico, 4565, 4565terminale grafico: caratteri, 4589terminale grafico: colori, 4589, 4589terminale virtuale, 69, 477Terminfo, 464test , 653, 863testina, 681teTeX, 2453TeX, 2453, 2464TeX: 1fil , 2470TeX: 1fill , 2470TeX: 1filll , 2470TeX: accenti, 2484TeX: ambienti matematici, 2532TeX: carattere da stampa, 2483TeX: caratteri speciali, 2483TeX: funzioni, 2543TeX: modalità orizzontale, 2479TeX: modalità verticale, 2479TeX: pagina, 2492TeX: raggruppamenti, 2466TeX: strutture di controllo, 2480TeX: tabelle, 2522TeX: ^ , 2541TeX: \+ , 2522TeX: \above , 2540TeX: \advance , 2471TeX: \atop , 2540TeX: \baselineskip , 2498, 2510TeX: \bf , 2487TeX: \bgroup , 2466TeX: \Biggl , 2544TeX: \biggl , 2544TeX: \Biggr , 2544TeX: \biggr , 2544TeX: \Bigl , 2544

lvi

TeX: \bigl , 2544TeX: \Bigr , 2544TeX: \bigr , 2544TeX: \bigskipamount , 2507TeX: \bigskip , 2507TeX: \break , 2492, 2510TeX: \bye , 2464TeX: \choose , 2540TeX: \cleaders , 2518TeX: \colon , 2540TeX: \columns , 2522TeX: \countdef , 2469TeX: \cr , 2522TeX: \def , 2475TeX: \displaylines , 2545TeX: \displaystyle , 2539TeX: \divide , 2471TeX: \dotfill , 2518TeX: \egroup , 2466TeX: \eject , 2492TeX: \endinsert , 2497TeX: \end , 2492TeX: \enskip , 2512TeX: \enspace , 2512TeX: \eqalignno , 2548TeX: \eqalign , 2548TeX: \eqno , 2548TeX: \everydisplay , 2533TeX: \everymath , 2533TeX: \expandafter , 2475TeX: \folio , 2496TeX: \font , 2487TeX: \footline , 2495TeX: \footnote , 2496TeX: \frenchspacing , 2500TeX: \global , 2474TeX: \halign , 2527TeX: \hangafter , 2501TeX: \hangindent , 2501TeX: \hbadness , 2505TeX: \hbox , 2514TeX: \headline , 2495TeX: \hfilll , 2510TeX: \hfill , 2510TeX: \hfil , 2495, 2510TeX: \hfuzz , 2505TeX: \hline , 2522TeX: \hoffset , 2492, 2498TeX: \hrulefill , 2518TeX: \hsize , 2492, 2498TeX: \hskip , 2512TeX: \hss , 2512

lvii

TeX: \ifhmode , 2481TeX: \ifmmode , 2480TeX: \ifnum , 2480TeX: \ifodd , 2480TeX: \ifvmode , 2481TeX: \input , 2466TeX: \item , 2503TeX: \it , 2487TeX: \kern , 2514TeX: \leaders , 2518TeX: \leavevmode , 2514TeX: \leftarrowfill , 2518TeX: \leftline , 2510TeX: \leftskip , 2498TeX: \leqalignno , 2548TeX: \leqno , 2548TeX: \let , 2478TeX: \lineskiplimit , 2510TeX: \lineskip , 2510TeX: \line , 2510TeX: \llap , 2514TeX: \lowercase , 2469TeX: \lower , 2510TeX: \lq , 2486TeX: \magnification , 2492TeX: \magstep , 2487TeX: \mathstrut , 2514TeX: \matrix , 2545TeX: \medskipamount , 2507TeX: \medskip , 2507TeX: \midinsert , 2497TeX: \mit , 2533TeX: \moveleft , 2517TeX: \moveright , 2517, 2522TeX: \multiply , 2471TeX: \multispan , 2527TeX: \narrower , 2498TeX: \negthinspace , 2512TeX: \newcount , 2469TeX: \newdimen , 2469TeX: \newskip , 2470TeX: \newtoks , 2468TeX: \noalign , 2527TeX: \noindent , 2498TeX: \nonfrenchspacing , 2500TeX: \nopagenumbers , 2495TeX: \normalbottom , 2492TeX: \null , 2514TeX: \number , 2473TeX: \offinterlineskip , 2527TeX: \of , 2542TeX: \omit , 2527

lviii

TeX: \overfullrule , 2505TeX: \overline , 2542TeX: \over , 2540TeX: \pageinsert , 2497TeX: \pageno , 2495, 2496TeX: \parindent , 2498TeX: \parshape , 2501TeX: \parskip , 2498, 2507TeX: \par , 2464, 2498TeX: \pmatrix , 2545TeX: \proclaim , 2547TeX: \qquad , 2512TeX: \quad , 2512TeX: \raggedbottom , 2492TeX: \raggedright , 2498TeX: \raise , 2510TeX: \relax , 2480TeX: \rightarrowfill , 2518TeX: \rightline , 2510TeX: \rightskip , 2498TeX: \rlap , 2514TeX: \rm , 2487TeX: \romannumeral , 2473TeX: \root , 2542TeX: \rq , 2486TeX: \scriptscriptstyle , 2539TeX: \scriptstyle , 2539TeX: \settabs , 2522TeX: \sl , 2487TeX: \smallskipamount , 2507TeX: \smallskip , 2507TeX: \sqrt , 2542TeX: \strut , 2514, 2522, 2539TeX: \supereject , 2492TeX: \textstyle , 2539TeX: \the , 2468, 2473TeX: \thinspace , 2512TeX: \tolerance , 2505TeX: \topinsert , 2497TeX: \tt , 2487TeX: \underbar , 2490TeX: \underline , 2514, 2542TeX: \uppercase , 2469TeX: \vbadness , 2505TeX: \vbox , 2514TeX: \vcenter , 2514TeX: \vfill , 2492, 2507TeX: \vfil , 2507TeX: \vfuzz , 2505TeX: \vglue , 2507TeX: \voffset , 2492TeX: \vrule , 2527

lix

TeX: \vsize , 2492TeX: \vskip , 2507TeX: \vss , 2507TeX: \vtop , 2514TeX: \xleaders , 2518TeX: &, 2522TeX: _, 2541texconfig , 2455Texinfo, 2661, 2810TFTP, 1536, 2027tftp , 1536tftpd , 1536tilde, 4516times , 655Tiny Cobol, 4631tipo di file, 4494TkDVI, 996TLS, 2157, 2162Tmview, 994top , 399touch , 80, 774tr , 842traccia, 681Traceroute, 1273traffico di rete, 2078traffico IP: visualizzazione, 4519trama, 1218transparent proxy, 1988, 2006trap , 411, 655trigger, 3725Tripwire, 2057Trivial FTP, 1536, 2027Troff, 3051trojan, 2034Trout, 2214true , 863try-from , 2052tty , 459TTY, 66, 459tupla, 3632tw.config , 2057Twm, 1083type , 655UCB BSD, 4710UCC/EAN 128, 3976UCC: Uniform Code Council, 3966UCSPI, 1351UDF, 4609UDMA, 355UDP, 1929UHCI, 369UID, 61

lx

UIN, 1555ulimit , 656Ultra ATA, 357Ultra DMA, 355ultraATA, 4639ultraDMA, 4639umask, 657umask, 97, 4489umount , 109, 702unalias , 657uname, 444undelete, 4491unexpand , 842Uni 6015, 2370UNI 936, 2356unicast, 1287Unicode, 2394, 2399unione file, 4494uniq , 837unità a dischetti, 306unità di codifica, 2396, 2398Universal coordinated time, 433Universal Internet number, 1555Universal time, 433Unix client-server program interface, 1351Unix domain socket, 65, 1348, 1351unlink() , 2327unlinkd , 1949unmount, 61unset , 657until , 630UPC-A, 3965UPC-E, 3965update , 706update-rc.d , 3995uptime , 402URI, 63, 1738, 2835Urichk, 2840URL, 63, 1738, 2835URN, 2835US Robotics ISDN TA, 4658USB, 366, 4468Usenet, 1808useradd , 47, 524, 544userdel , 546usermod , 546users , 522USS Code 128, 3972US-ASCII, 2405UT, 433UTC, 433utente, 4482, 4483

lxi

utente connesso al sistema, 4485utente: eliminazione dei file personali, 4482utenti, 35, 3944, 3946, 3998, 4025utenza, 46utenza: eliminazione, 4482UTF-8, 2400utility , 39, 65utilità, 65utilizzo processore, 4510Uuencode, 1630uugetty , 484, 487, 1428, 1430, 1452valore di uscita, 615valuta, 4990variabile, 4498variabile di ambiente, 48, 669, 4480variabili d’ambiente, 4481variabili globali, 2317Variabili http, 2284variabili locali, 2317verifica di un file system, 694verme, 2034VESA local bus, 363VH-man2HTML, 1803VI , 98, 872, 4590, 4590, 4621, 4622, 4932, 4933, 4934video, 3844Video electronics standards association, 363Video4Linux, 4634virtual host, 1731virus, 2034visualizzazione del contenuto di molti file, 4493visualizzazione del contenuto di una directory, 4492visualizzazione traffico, 4519VLB, 363vlock , 2100VNC, 1103vncpasswd , 1106vncserver , 1104vrms , 18w, 522W3M, 1707WAIS, 1841waisindex , 1844waissearch , 1844waisserver , 1841waisserver.d , 1841wait , 658wall , 1527WAN, 1216WATTCP, 2209Wav2cdr, 3855WAV: conversione in MP3, 4613Wavplay, 4381

lxii

wavplay , 4381wavrec , 4381Wavtools, 3818WAV-RIFF, 3809, 3810, 3818, 4381wc, 835Wdm, 1095Webalizer, 1860Welcome2L, 4442Wget, 1874, 4561, 4562Wget e i proxy, 4562whatis , 118whereis , 766which, 4565which , 766while , 629, 2303Whiptail, 671who, 522whoami , 522wide char, 2402wide string, 2402Window Maker: selezione delle finestre nascoste, 4586Winmodem e GNU/Linux, 4656WinPopUp, 4533Winword: conversione, 3873, 3873, 3874Wish, 4466Word, 4599Word: conversione, 3873, 3873, 3874worm, 2034write , 1527WU-FTP, 1834wv, 4599WvDial, 1423wvdialconf , 1423X, 1025, 1048, 2028, 3884, 4585, 4585X, 1054X Windows Dump, 4580X: accesso remoto, 1103X: applicazioni senza gestore delle finestre, 4579X: applicazioni senza gestore di finestre, 4579X: automazione-ufficio, 1169X: caratteri, 1124X: caratteri piccoli ad alte risoluzioni, 4581X: cattura dello schermo, 1134X: clipboard, 1123X: configurazione dei client, 1114X: gestione delle immagini, 1134, 1147X: gestore di file, 1158X: gestore di sessione, 1093, 1096X: gestori di finestre, 1083X: immagine non centrata, 4585X: impostazioni, 1129X: login grafico, 1093

lxiii

X: programmi di servizio, 1122X: ridirigere gli errori, 4583X: risorse, 1117X: scrivania, 1096X: stallo, 4582X: utente root, 4578X: -background , 1116X: -display , 1114X: -font , 1117X: -foreground , 1116X: -geometry , 1115X: -title , 1117X: -xrm , 1120xanim , 4384Xanim, 4384xargs , 813xauth, 1059XawTV, 4634xbiff , 1131xcalc , 1133Xcdrdao, 3851xcdroast , 3858xclipboard , 1123xclock , 1132Xconfigurator, 1038Xdm, 1094xdos , 3882xdpyinfo , 1127Xdvi, 995xf86cfg , 1038xf86config , 1028xf86config-v3 , 1028xfd , 1125xferstats , 1593XFig, 1184XFM, 1158xfontsel , 1125Xfree 4 e caratteri, 4600XFree86, 1025xfstt , 4602xgrab , 1135xhost , 1061xidle , 1131Xinetd, 1474xinit , 1049xinitrc , 1054xkill , 1131xload , 1131Xloadimage, 1136xlock , 2101xlsfonts , 1125xltwavplay , 4382

lxiv

xltwavrec , 4382xmem, 1131XML , 2904Xmms, 3832XMultiGrab, 4613xntpd , 1539xon , 1062Xpaint, 1143Xpdf, 4598xpdf , 1002xrdb , 1120Xrealvnc , 1106xserverrc , 1054xset , 1129xsetroot , 1131Xterm, 4565, 4565Xterm: applicazioni, 4588Xterm: caratteri, 4589Xterm: colori, 4589xtrlock , 2101XV, 3898XVidCap, 4580xvidtune , 1081Xvnc , 1106xvncviewer , 1108Xwave, 3818xwd, 1134xwininfo , 1126xwud, 1135X-CD-Roast, 736, 3858X-Win32, 3886Yamaha opl3-sax, 4649YaRET, 4613yes , 862YP, 1491ypbind , 1505, 1506ypcat , 1507ypchfn , 1507ypchsh , 1507ypdomainname , 1496ypinit , 1501, 1503ypmatch , 1507yppasswd , 1507ypserv , 1496, 1497ypwhich , 1503, 1507ypxfr_1perday , 1504ypxfr_1perhour , 1504ypxfr_2perhour , 1504ytalk , 1528zcat , 795zgrep , 804ZIP Atapi, 4652

lxv

ZIP parallelo, 4652ZipSlack, 149~/.bashrc , 4474~/.bash_profile , 4474~/.cupsrc , 1011~/.cvsignore , 1897~/.dir_colors , 764~/.efax.rc , 1443~/.fetchmailrc , 1625, 4550~/.forward , 1526, 1605, 1650, 1659, 1661, 4555~/.fvwmrc , 1088~/.gnome/balsa , 1616~/.gnupg/options , 2138~/.html2psrc , 2873~/.hushlogin , 520~/.inputrc , 4474~/.kawarc.scm , 3461~/.lsh/identity.pub , 2185~/.lsh/identity , 2185~/.lsh/known_hosts , 2185~/.mailrc , 1610, 1611~/.mtoolsrc , 910~/.netrc , 1565, 1570~/.p2crc , 3248~/.plan , 1526~/.poprc , 1624~/.ppprc , 1379~/.project , 1526~/.pwd.lock , 4485~/.rhosts , 1518, 2192~/.shosts , 2192~/.ssh/authorized_keys , 2193~/.ssh/config , 2199~/.ssh/identity.pub , 2188~/.ssh/identity , 2188~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub , 2188~/.ssh/id_dsa , 2188~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub , 2188~/.ssh/id_rsa , 2188~/.ssh/known_hosts , 2190~/.ssh/random_seed , 2188~/.steprc , 1092~/.telnetrc , 1532~/.terminfo/ , 464~/.textchk.rules , 2924~/.twmrc , 1084~/.vncrc , 1108~/.wgetrc , 1875~/.Xauthority , 1057, 1061~/.xcdroast/xcdroast.conf , 3858~/.Xdefaults , 1118~/.xfm/Apps , 1164

lxvi

~/.xfm/magic , 1161~/.xfm/xfmdev , 1163~/.xfm/xfmrc , 1162~/.xfm/ , 1158~/.xinitrc , 1049, 1053, 1083, 1088~/.xloadimage , 1142~/.XPaintrc , 1143~/.Xresources , 1119~/.xserverrc , 1049~/.xsession , 1093~/.Xsession , 1093, 1096~ftp/ , 1577~postgres/pg_hba.conf , 3675~postgres/pg_shadow , 3673~postgres/pg_user , 3673~/.pinerc, 1615*.bin , 4567*.bz2 , 4577*.elf , 4565*.gz , 4576, 4576, 4577*.h , 4630*.o , 4630*.tar.bz2 , 4577*.tar.gz , 4569*.tar , 4577$! , 607$0 , 606$? , 607$@, 606, 4621$BLOCK_SIZE, 756$CFINPUTS, 2105$CLASSPATH, 3435, 3460$CVSIGNORE, 1897$CVSROOT, 1906, 1909$CVS_RSH, 1924$DICTIONARY, 2914$DISPLAY, 1056$EDITOR, 908$ftp_proxy , 1936$gopher_proxy , 1936$HOSTNAME, 444$HTTP_GET_VARS, 2314$HTTP_POST_VARS, 2314$http_proxy , 1936$HTTP_REFERER, 2284$HTTP_USER_AGENT, 2284$LANG, 567$LC_ALL, 567$LC_COLLATE, 568$LC_CTYPE, 568$LC_MONETARY, 568$LC_NUMERIC, 568

lxvii

$LC_TIME, 568$LESSCHARSET, 115, 570$LS_COLORS, 764$MAIL , 1605, 1606, 1661$NNTPSERVER, 1816$OPTARG, 642$OPTERR, 642$OPTIND, 642$ORGANIZATION, 1816$P2CRC, 3248$PATCH_VERSION_CONTROL, 857$PATH, 608, 765$PGDATA, 3667, 3668$PGHOST, 3680$PGLIB , 3668$PGPORT, 3680$POSIXLY_CORRECT, 705, 756, 764, 3530$PRINTER, 931$PS1, 608$REMOTE_ADDR, 2284, 2327$RESOLV_HOST_CONF, 1310$RESOLV_SERV_MULTI, 1310$RESOLV_SERV_ORDER, 1310$RSYNC_PASSWORD, 1900$RSYNC_RSH, 1897$SCRIPT_NAME, 2284$SERVER_NAME, 2284$SGML_CATALOG_FILES, 2717, 2719$SGML_SEARCH_PATH, 2717, 2719$SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX, 777, 780, 857$TERMINFO, 464$TERM, 465$TEXEDIT, 2460$TEXMF/web2c/texmf.cnf , 2939$VERSION_CONTROL, 777, 780, 857$wais_proxy , 1936$* , 606$- , 607$# , 607, 4621$$ , 607$_ , 607

lxviii

non modificabile

Il giorno sta per concludersi ma le nostre vibrazioni non hanno orario e non hanno tempo. Ilnostro è un continuo mutamento e movimento armonioso che proietta il nostro sentire in unavisione completa, che ci permette di avere il passato il presente e il futuro su uno stesso piano.Pertanto, per voi, il nostro dire può assumere un significato diverso da quello che è nella nostraeffettiva realtà.

Anche noi abbiamo limiti, ma i nostri limiti sono completamente diversi dai vostri, perché voi vidovete scontrare con una materia che esplode e che si infuoca; una materia che fa tremare laterra e che lascia su di essa i corpi di innocenti. Ma non è una maledizione che viene dall’altocome tante persone sono convinte sia, e non è una punizione; è semplicemente una necessità cheè insita e che appartiene esclusivamente al corpo materiale.

Tutto cambia e tutto si trasforma; non si può pretendere che ciò che sta sotto ai piedi, sia fermo,immutato e sempre uguale.

Questo io dico perché al nostro udire arrivano voci di lamenti violenti, di rabbia, di sfida e didisperazione.

Non è facile riuscire a dare spiegazioni tali da permettere di accettare la perdita e la distruzionedi tutto ciò che si ha di più caro, ma occorre andare oltre per capire meglio ciò che è la vita eciò che è l’universo.

Certo, il dolore è sempre grande e profondo, ma questo appartiene alla scelta di essere umani edi vivere su questo mondo. Nel momento in cui l’essenza sceglie di fare questa esperienza deveanche capire e accettarne le eventuali conseguenze.

È necessario non lasciarsi coinvolgere e sopraffarre dalle energie violente che si scatenanoin ogni angolo della terra. Sono energie che si dilagano e che si allargano con grande forzae violenza. È necessario prenderne atto e tenersi al di sopra, perché è molto facile lasciarsisopraffarre, senza rendersene conto.

Dialogo immaginario con un’essenza antica, scritto da Anna Rambelli.