© ABB Group - 1 - 11-Dec-08 UNITROL ® 1000-15 UNITROL ® 1000-40 Introduction to Automatic Voltage Regulators
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UNITROL® 1000-15UNITROL® 1000-40
Introduction to Automatic Voltage Regulators
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8Content
� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Modes of operation
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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8The Duties of an Excitation System
� Provide variable DC current with short time overload capability
� Control terminal voltage with suitable accuracy
� Ensure stable operation with network and / or other machines
� Keep machine within permissible operating range
� Contribute to transient stability subsequent to a fault.
� Communicate with the power plant control system
AVRE
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8Content
� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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8Positioning of UNITROL 1000 Family
Com
plex
ity o
f per
form
ance
Generator Power / Excitation current
Indirect excitation withrotating machines
Static Excitation Systems
UNITROL® 5000
UNITROL® F
UNITROL® 1000Family
Ifn [ADC]80040 >10‘000
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8UNITROL 1000 Family
UNITROL 1000-15
UNITROL 1000-7
UNITROL 1000-PM40
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8Application Range
UNITROL 1000 Family is applicable for:
Synchronous Motors andSynchronous Generators up to approx. 50 MVA
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8The UNITROL 1000-15
� The first member of the UNITROL 1000 Family
� Launched in the year 2000
� Field current 15 A
� More than 1000 pieces sold till today
UNITROL 1000-15
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8The UNITROL 1000-40
UNITROL 1000-PM40 Power Module
� Used in conjunction withUNITROL 1000-15 AVR
� Field current up to 40 A
� CAN Bus interface
� Mainly for retrofitmarket
UNITROL 1000-PM40UNITROL 1000-15
CAN Bus .
UNITROL 1000-40
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8The UNITROL 1000-7
� Single print design
� Field current 7 A (70°C ambient)
� Without local display
� Suitable for harsh environmentalconditions
� EN, ANSI norms
� CE, UL, CSA certified
Prototypes 2Q04
UNITROL 1000-7
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8Comparison table
YesYesNoLocal display
CubicleCubicleInside the Machine
Mounting
YesYesNoI/O Extension
4 in, 4 in/out3 in, 2 out
4 in, 4 in/out3 in, 2 out
4 in, 4 in/out2 in, 1 out
Digital I/O Analogue I/O
40 A cont.80 A ceiling
15 A cont.30 A ceiling
7 A cont.14 A ceiling
Excitation current
UNITROL 1000-40
UNITROL 1000-15
UNITROL 1000-7
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8Content
� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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8UNITROL 1000-15 Block Diagram
PWM
-
+
Mea
sure
men
tan
d co
ntro
lin
terf
ace
~ / = =
Auxiliary supply UL1 L2 L3 (+) (-)
AVR
Power electronicssupply
(+) L1(-) L2
L3
Digital I/O
Analog I/O
AUX
UNET
U M
I M2
UPWRIe
UN1000
EM E
for control electronics
IGBT
RS-232
RS-485CAN
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8UNITROL 1000-15 Technical Data (1)
� Large supply voltage range for the auxiliary power9...250 V AC 3-phase50...250 V AC 1-phase 18…300 V DC
� Power electronics supply 0…250 V AC/DC
� Excitation output 15 A DC cont. 30 A DC 10 sec
� 3-phase or single phase stator voltage measurement
� Single phase current measurement (1 A)
� Single phase measurement of line voltage for synchronisation
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8UNITROL 1000-15 Technical Data (2)
� 4 digital inputs
� 4 configurable digital inputs/outputs (convertible)
� 3 configurable analog inputs(can also be used as 2, 4 or 6 digital inputs)
� 2 analog outputs
� RS-485 port for reactive load sharing application(future Modbus)
� CAN Bus for controlling local extension modules
� RS-232 port for connecting a PC (CMT 1000)
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8UN1000-15 Mechanical Lay Out
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8UNITROL 1000-15 Terminal block
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8UN1000-PM40 Mechanical Lay Out
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8UNITROL 1000-PM40 Terminal block
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8Content
� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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8PMG supplied
PMG SM E
AVR
UN 1000
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8Externally supplied
SM E
External Power Supply
AVR
UN 1000
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8Shunt supplied
SM E
AVR
UN 1000
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8Shunt supplied with AC boost
SM E
AVR
UN 1000
boost
Boost for short circuit support
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8Shunt supplied with DC boost
SM E
Station battery
AVR
UN 1000
boost
Boost for short circuit support
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8DC-Exciter supplied
SM =
AVR
UN 1000
start
+
-
Retrofitting systems with DC Exciter machines
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8Content
� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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8Software Functions for Start-up
� Soft start
� Field Flashing Off
� Voltage Relay function
� Automatic Synchronizing (optional) more info
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8Basic operation modes
� Voltage control mode with PID control algorithm
� Power factor controller with PID control algorithm
� Reactive power (Var) controller with PID control algorithm
� Excitation current controller (manual control) with PI control algorithm
Bump-less change over between all operation modes
Illustration: PF/Var
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8Software functions for on-line operation
� Reactive current droop for parallel operation
� Analogue input for superimposed voltage regulation
� Voltage Droop Compensation (VDC) mode in island operation more info
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8Limiters
� V/Hz limiter
� Minimum excitation current limiter
� Underexcited reactive current limiter as a function of active power (P/Q)
� Three step delayed maximum excitation current limiter
� Machine voltage min/max limiters
“Limit Active” indications are provided
Power chart
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8Monitoring and Protective functions
� Software alarm function (Watchdog)
� Under voltage detection to activate external current boost for short circuit support
� Rotating Diode Monitoring (optional)
� Channel monitoring (for redundant systems) more info
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8Software Functions for commissioning
� Open loop control of output voltage for test purposes
� Built-in step test function for regulator tuning, together with CMT 1000 commissioning software
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8Future Software Functions
To be implemented:
� Power System Stabilizer (PSS)
� Dual channel system using CAN Bus
� Data / Event logger
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8Content
� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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8Human Machine Interface (HMI) Local Panel
� Actual value indication
� Setting of parameters
� Configuration of digital and analog I/O’s
UNITROL 1000-15
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8CMT 1000 Software ...
... a user friendly tool for commissioning and maintenance of UNITROL 1000 Family
� Actual value measurements
� Parameter settings
� Status indications
� Power chart
� Oscilloscope
� Synchronoscope
� Parameter files
� Windows 98, NT, 2000 and XP compatible
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8CMT 1000 Software – Device Configurator
� I/O Configuration
� System Data
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8CMT 1000 Software - Oscilloscope
� Trending20 channels
� 50 ms resolution
� File save in numerical form
� Cursor measurements
� Bitmap export
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8CMT 1000 Software – Other features
� Synchronoscope
� Power Chart
� Measurements
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8Future Communication Functions
To be implemented:
� Modbus communication
� Digital/Analogue I/O Extension over CAN Bus
� Enhanced CMT 1000
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8Content
� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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8AVR System
What components are needed around the AVR for safe and reliable operation?
� Power circuits� Excitation breaker
� Over current protection
� Field flashing / boosting circuit (shunt supply only)
� Interposing supply transformer
� Auxiliary (electronics) supply
� Signals� Galvanic isolation for I/O signals (relays, transducers)
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8Standard Cubicle with UNITROL 1000-15
� Pre-engineered solution for end users
� Configuration by Internet tool
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8OEM Plate with UNITROL 1000-15
AVR system optimized for
� OEM specific solution
� End user specific solution for repeat projects
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8Content
� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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8System Configurator in the Internet
� Requirements from the customer
� System engineering made by configurator
� Output:� System description with a single line diagram
� Electrical schematics
� Layout drawing
� Parameter file for UNITROL 1000
� Material list
� Pricing
www.abb.com/unitrolLook for “UNITROL 1000 Configurator”
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8E-Learning
� Interactive training course� Excitation basics
� UNITROL 1000 connections, operation, panel, etc.
� CMT 1000 software
� Commissioning
� Available on a CD-ROM
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8Content
� Refresher AVR
� Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
� Block diagram, technical data
� Supply modes
� Software functions
� Communication, Interface
� AVR System
� E-Support
� UNITROL 1000 sales
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8Ordering information
UNITROL 1000-15 (version 4)� Standard unit: 3BHE014557R0003
� With Synchronising: 3BHE014557R0004
� With RDM: 3BHE014557R0005
� With Sync & RDM: 3BHE014557R0006
Scope of delivery:� CD-ROM with CMT 1000 software
� RS-232 cable
� User’s Manual
Power Unit UNITROL 1000-PM40� Standard: 3BHE015411R0001
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8UNITROL 1000-15 Facts and Figures
Delivery times:
Module: 2 weeks
Standard system: 6 weeks
Custom system: 3 months
Sold: 2000 24 Units
2001 215 Units
2002 352 Units
2003 336 Units
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8Conclusion
� Proven technology
� Compact product
� Low engineering cost
� Low commissioning costs
� High availability
� Decades of experience
� Extensive software
� System configurator
� CMT 1000, E-Learning
� World-wide support 24 h/day
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Thank You forYour attention
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8PF and Var Control Modes
+Q [MVAR]-Q
+P [MW]
Q = 0.2 p.u
+Q [MVAR]-Q
+P [MW]
-P
Cos φ = 0.8
POWER FACTOR Control
REACTIVE POWER Control
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8Power Chart with operational limits
Max. Max. field current limiterfield current limiterMin. Min. field current limiterfield current limiterUnder excitationUnder excitation P,Q P,Q limiterlimiter
P
+Q-Q 1/Xd
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8VDC - Voltage Droop Compensation
� Reactive power is shared equally between parallel generators, without any drop in voltage level
� RS-485 bus communication between AVRs
SM SM SM SM
Load A Load B
AVR 1 AVR 2 AVR 3 AVR 4
RS-485U = 100 %
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8VDC - Voltage Droop Compensation
� Reactive power is shared equally between parallel generators, without any drop in voltage level
� RS-485 bus communication between AVRs
� Possible to divide into separate island networks
SM SM SM SM
Load A Load B
Prim. Net = 1Sec. Net = 2
Prim. Net = 1
AVR 1 AVR 2 AVR 3 AVR 4
RS-485
Din = Secondary Net
U = 100 %
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8Synchronizing
� Voltage matching
� Speed control, analogue bias signal
� Breaker close command
� Synchrocheck
Regulator
ESM
Command
UNET
Fbias
UNITROL 1000
Speed Controller
Setpoint fSP = fNom
UM
Sync
Setpoint
CB
T
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8Redundant AVR system
� Auto follow� redundant (stand by)
following actual values
� Auto change over� SW Alarm
� MCB trip
� External command
Future: CAN Bus
G E
UN 1000
AVR
AVR
UN 1000